Smart Grids Roadmap - Smart Grid Sherpa

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cable or telephone), support data transmissionfor deferred and real-time operation, and duringoutages. Along with communication devices,significant computing, system control softwareand enterprise resource planning software supportthe two-way exchange of information betweenstakeholders, and enable more efficient use andmanagement of the grid.Renewable and distributedgeneration integrationIntegration of renewable and distributedenergy resources – encompassing large scaleat the transmission level, medium scale at thedistribution level and small scale on commercialor residential building – can present chalengesfor the dispatchability and controllability of theseresources and for operation of the electricitysystem. Energy storage systems, both electricallyand for themally based, can alleviate suchproblems by decoupling the production anddelivery of energy. Smart grids can help throughautomation of control of generation and demand(in addition to other forms of demand response) toensure balancing of supply and demand.Transmission enhancementapplicationsThere are a number of technologies andapplications for the transmission system. FlexibleAC transmission systems (FACTS) are used toenhance the controllability of transmissionnetworks and maximise power transfer capability.The deployment of this technology on existinglines can improve efficiency and defer the need ofadditional investment. High voltage DC (HVDC)technologies are used to connect offshorewind and solar farms to large power areas, withdecreased system losses and enhanced systemcontrollability, allowing efficient use of energysources remote from load centres. Dynamic linerating (DLR), which uses sensors to identify thecurrent carrying capability of a section of networkin real time, can optimise utilisation of existingtransmission assets, without the risk of causingoverloads. High-temperature superconductors(HTS) can significantly reduce transmission lossesand enable economical fault-current limiting withhigher performance, though there is a debate overthe market readiness of the technology.Distribution grid managementDistribution and sub-station sensing andautomation can reduce outage and repairtime, maintain voltage level and improve assetmanagement. Advanced distribution automationprocesses real-time information from sensorsand meters for fault location, automaticreconfiguration of feeders, voltage and reactivepower optimisation, or to control distributedgeneration. Sensor technologies can enablecondition- and performance-based maintenanceof network components, optimising equipmentperformance and hence effective utilisationof assets.Advanced metering infrastructureAdvanced metering infrastructure (AMI) involvesthe deployment of a number of technologies – inaddition to advanced or smart meters 12 that enabletwo-way flow of information, providing customersand utilities with data on electricity price andconsumption, including the time and amount ofelectricity consumed. AMI will provide a widerange of functionalities:18 Technology Roadmaps Smart gridszzzzzzzzzzzzzzRemote consumer price signals, which canprovide time-of-use pricing information.Ability to collect, store and report customerenergy consumption data for any requiredtime intervals or near real time.Improved energy diagnostics from moredetailed load profiles.Ability to identify location and extent ofoutages remotely via a metering function thatsends a signal when the meter goes out andwhen power is restored.Remote connection and disconnection.Losses and theft detection.Ability for a retail energy service provider tomanage its revenues through more effectivecash collection and debt management.Electric vehicle charginginfrastructureElectric vehicle charging infrastructure handlesbilling, scheduling and other intelligent featuresfor smart charging (grid-to-vehicle) during lowenergy demand. In the long run, it is envisioned12 The European Smart Meters Industry Group (ESMIG) defines fourminimum functionalities of a smart meter: remote reading, twowaycommunication, support for advanced tariff and paymentsystems, and remote disablement and enablement of supply.© OECD/IEA, 2010
that large charging installation will provide powersystem ancillary services such as capacity reserve,peak load shaving and vehicle-to-grid regulation.This will include interaction with both AMI andcustomer-side systems.Customer-side systemsCustomer-side systems, which are used to helpmanage electricity consumption at the industrial,service and residential levels, include energymanagement systems, energy storage devices,smart appliances and distributed generation. 13Energy efficiency gains and peak demand reductioncan be accelerated with in-home displays/energydashboards, smart appliances and local storage.Demand response includes both manual customerresponse and automated, price-responsiveappliances and thermostats that are connected toan energy management system or controlled with asignal from the utility or system operator.13 Residential small-scale generation equipment on customerpremises falls under both categories of consumer-side systemsand renewable and distributed energy systems.Table 3. Smart grid technologiesTechnology area Hardware Systems and softwareWide-area monitoringand controlInformationand communicationtechnology integrationPhasor measurement units (PMU)and other sensor equipmentCommunication equipment (Powerline carrier, WIMAX, LTE, RF meshnetwork, cellular), routers, relays,switches, gateway, computers(servers)Supervisory control and data acquisition(SCADA), wide-area monitoring systems(WAMS), wide-area adaptive protection,control and automation (WAAPCA), wideareasituational awareness (WASA)Enterprise resource planning software(ERP), customer information system (CIS)Renewable and distributedgeneration integrationPower conditioning equipmentfor bulk power and grid support,communication and control hardwarefor generation and enabling storagetechnologyEnergy management system (EMS),distribution management system (DMS),SCADA, geographic Informationsystem (GIS)Transmission enhancement Superconductors, FACTS, HVDC Network stability analysis, automaticrecovery systemsDistribution gridmanagementAdvanced meteringinfrastructureElectric vehicle charginginfrastructureAutomated re-closers, switchesand capacitors, remote controlleddistributed generation and storage,transformer sensors, wire and cablesensorsSmart meter, in-home displays,servers, relaysCharging infrastructure,batteries, invertersGeographic information system (GIS),distribution management system (DMS),outage management system (OMS),workforce management system (WMS)Meter data management system (MDMS)Energy billing, smart grid-to-vehiclecharging (G2V) and dischargingvehicle-to-grid (V2G) methodologiesCustomer-side systemsSmart appliances, routers, in-homedisplay, building automation systems,thermal accumulators,smart thermostatEnergy dashboards, energy managementsystems, energy applications for smartphones and tabletsSmart grid deployment19© OECD/IEA, 2010
Page 4 and 5: Table of contentsForeword 1Table of
Page 6 and 7: AcknowledgementsThis publication wa
Page 8 and 9: IntroductionThere is a pressing nee
Page 10 and 11: Figure 2. Smart grids can linkelect
Page 12 and 13: Electricity system needs for today
Page 14 and 15: line rating special protection sche
Page 16 and 17: Figure 6. Example of a 24-hour elec
Page 18 and 19: Adequacy concerns introduced by the
Page 22 and 23: Table 3 highlights a number of hard
Page 24 and 25: Box 3. Smart communitiesSeveral con
Page 26: Vision for smart grid deployment to
Page 29 and 30: Interpreting results and furtherana
Page 31 and 32: commodities such as oil, gas, coal
Page 33 and 34: operators have made it clear that m
Page 35 and 36: Interoperability Framework for smar
Page 37 and 38: Electricity system and market opera
Page 39 and 40: This roadmap recommends the followi
Page 41 and 42: zzzzHow much time differentiation i
Page 43 and 44: International collaborationThis roa
Page 45 and 46: Conclusion: near-term roadmapaction
Page 47 and 48: GlossaryCritical peak pricing (CPP)
Page 49 and 50: ReferencesBazilian, M. and Welsch,
Page 52: Technology Roadmaps Smart Grids2015

Smart Grids Roadmap - Smart Grid Sherpa

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