U.S.-FocUSed Biochar report - BioEnergy Lists

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Quantification of reductions for biochar-based land management practices will require new biocharspecificcalculation methodologies, that could be incorporated into existing land management offsetprotocols. Such a strategy would significantly reduce barriers to the acceptance of a new methodology, andreduce the number of procedural hurdles that would need clearing in each carbon offset market. In addition tothe sequestration of carbon in soil through biochar applications, a methodology should also account for displacementof nitrogen fertilizers, which release N 2 O, a potent GHG, under a business-as-usual scenario. More complexmethodologies might attempt to include emissions savings from fuel-switching and process efficiencies in thebiochar production process, though this would be challenging to track where the biochar is purchased ratherthan produced on-site by the farmer or forester. Reduced off gassing from soils; reduced dead zones in oceandeltas; increased biomass production as a result of biochar additions; and other GHG benefits from biochar areall possible but must be quantified to an acceptable level.Use of biochar in agricultural soils likely provides carbon sequestration with permanence featuressuperior to other kinds of land management offsets. Most land use offsets are at risk of impermanencebecause a change in land management practices may inadvertently release the stored carbon represented bythe offset, through tilling, for example. Because biochar traps carbon chemically, changes in land managementpractices are unlikely to affect the sequestration properties of the char. The biochar community should placeconsiderable resources into educating offset granting authorities about this aspect of biochar, and proving resistanceof biochar/soil mixtures to fire and other natural hazards that might result in a release of stored carbon.Where offset verification and certification authorities utilize credit discounting, expiration dates, carboncredit pooling requirements, or required contribution to a shared liability fund, biochar advocatesmight take measures to reduce or eliminate the application of such schemes to biochar-based soilcarbon offset projects.Biochar Greenhouse Gas Markets Works CitedInline as: (Brokers Carbon 2008)Brokers Carbon. Carbon Credits, Carbon Offsets, Carbon Trading| Brokers Carbon, Commercial Carbon CreditsBroker, http://www.brokerscarbon.com, 2008.Inline as: (CARB 2010)California Air Resources Board. California’s Climate Plan. http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/facts/scoping_plan_fs.pdf,2010.Inline as: (CBO 2009)Congressional Budget Office. The Use of Offsets to Reduce Greenhouse Gasses. Available online (accessed April2010): http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/104xx/doc10497/08-03-Offsets.pdf . Congressional Budget Office: August 3,2009.Inline as: (Doyle & Wynn 2010)Alister Doyle and Gerard Wynn. “Copenhagen Accord climate pledges too weak: U.N.” Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE62U13M20100331, Mar. 31, 2010.Inline as: (Gaunt & Cowie 2009)Gaunt, John and Annette Cowie. “Biochar, Greenhouse Gas Accounting and Emissions Trading.” in Biochar forEnvironmental Management, Science & Technology. Earthscan 2009.Inline as: (Gold Standard 2009)The Gold Standard Foundation. The Gold Standard: Premium Quality Carbon Credits. http://www.cdmgoldstandard.org,2009.Inline as: (Haugen-Kozyra 2007)76U.S.-Focused Biochar Report:Assessment of Biochar’s Benefits for the United States of America
Haugen-Kozyra, Karen. Carbon Credit Markets in Alberta, Canada and North America – Where are we at?Available online (accessed April 2010): http://www.reducedtillage.ca/article311.aspx . Alberta Agriculture andFood – Climate Change Central. April 2007.Inline as: (Herzog 2007)Tim Herzog. “China’s Carbon Intensity Target.” World Resources Institute / News / Climate, Energy & Transport.http://www.wri.org/stories/2007/04/chinas-carbon-intensity-target#, 2007. ZInline as: (IEDC 2009)IEDC. What is Carbon Cap and Trade? A Primer for Economic Developers. Available online (accessed April2010): http://www.iedconline.org/Downloads/IEDC_CCT_Primer.pdf . International Economic DevelopmentCouncil: November 2009.Inline as: (Katoomba Group 2010)Katoomba Group. Ecosystem Marketplace – Marketwatch – Carbon Markets. http://www.ecosystemmarketplace.com/pages/dynamic/carbon_market.landing_page.php?section=marketwatch&category_section=carbon, 2010.Inline as: (Lokey 2009)Lokey, Elizabeth. Renewable Energy Project Development under the Clean Development Mechanism- A Guidefor Latin America. London: Earth Scan, 2009. Print.Inline as: (Olander & Galik)Olander, Lydia., and Galik, Christopher. Harnessing Farms and Forests Domestic Greenhouse Gas Offsets for aFederal Cap and Trade Policy FAQs. Available online (accessed April 2010): http://www.nicholas.duke.edu/ccpp/ccpp_pdfs/harnessingfaqs.pdf . Climate Change Policy partnership. Non dated living document.Biochar relevance in GHG markets in: Carbon Market Implications for Biochar77
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AcknowledgmentsThe Center for Energ
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U.S.-Focused Biochar Report:Assessm
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an efficiency of 32% and convention
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tion of N and S) get enriched in th
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Benefits of Biofuels and Potential
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conversion were taken into account.
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Lal, R. 2003. Global Potential of S
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Skjemstad, J. O., D. C. Reicosky, A
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Biochar and energy linkages in:Bioc
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of value. Depending on the process,
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eowner will have one half of the 3.
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100%10%Char yeild (wt % of dry biom
Page 28 and 29:
chars acting more like lime and rai
Page 30 and 31: ConclusionSociety has hundreds of d
Page 34 and 35: • Free biochar particles with emb
Page 36 and 37: Smernik (2009) has suggested that b
Page 38 and 39: al. (2009) reported a reduction in
Page 40 and 41: Bauer A, Black AL (1994) Quantifica
Page 42 and 43: Shrestha RK, Lal R (2007) Soil Carb
Page 44 and 45: Sustainability OverviewThe most com
Page 46 and 47: • thinnings (both understory and
Page 48 and 49: nineties, more than six million acr
Page 50 and 51: 3. Biomass shall not come from land
Page 52 and 53: Sustainability Protocol Purpose 181
Page 54 and 55: • Administrative• Social• Qua
Page 56 and 57: y Biochar.- Societal Benefits: Bioc
Page 58 and 59: 1 hectare (ha) = 2.47 acres; 100 he
Page 60 and 61: the seven in the BBTV.Continuing al
Page 62 and 63: F2 (Expanded forestry residues; 0.1
Page 64 and 65: projects (p 81 of his thesis) doubl
Page 66 and 67: Other Global NPP. projections To be
Page 68 and 69: former term, as well as “Biochar
Page 70 and 71: Biochar relevance in GHG markets in
Page 72 and 73: It is far easier to measure emissio
Page 74 and 75: STEPS ANDDOCUMENTATIONRESPONSIBLE P
Page 76 and 77: only account for 4.5% of members’
Page 78 and 79: Analysis: Biochar And Carbon Market
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