U.S.-FocUSed Biochar report - BioEnergy Lists

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Warnock, Daniel D., Johannes Lehmann, Thomas W. Kuyper, and Matthias C. Rillig. 2007. Mycorrhizal responsesto biochar in soil - concepts and mechanisms. Plant and Soil 300:9-20.Woods, W. I. 1995. Comments on the Black Earths of Amazonia. In Papers and Proceedings of the Applied GeographyConferences, edited by F. A. Schoolmaster. Denton, Texas: Applied Geography Conferences.Yamoah, Charles F., Andre Bationo, Barry Shapiro, and Saidou Koala. 2002. Trend and stability of millet yieldstreated with fertilizer and crop residues in the Sahel. Field Crops Research 75:53-62.Yanai, Yosuke, Koki Toyota, and Masanori Okazaki. 2007. Effects of charcoal addition on N 2 O emissions from soilresulting from rewetting air-dried soil in short-term laboratory experiments. Soil Science & Plant Nutrition53 (2):181-188.Yu, Xiang-Yang, Guang-Guo Ying, and Rai S. Kookana. 2009. Rduced plant uptake of presticides with biochar additionsto soil. Chemosphere:in press.Zech, Wolfgang, and Georg Guggenberger. 1996. Organc matter dynamics in forest soils of temperate and tropicalecosystems. In Humic substances in terrestrial ecosystems, edited by A. Piccolo: Elsevier.Zeng, Ning. 2008. Carbon sequestration via wood burial. Carbon Balance and Management 3:1:12.14U.S.-Focused Biochar Report:Assessment of Biochar’s Benefits for the United States of America
Biochar and energy linkages in:Biochar and Energy Co-productshugh McLaughlin, PhD PEhmcLaughlin@alternabiocarbon.comBiochar’s potential benefits for the United States in the topic area of Energy Co-products are:• providing a renewable resource with significant GHG emission benefits• providing economic value and local opportunity to create and use biochar• while making biochar, displace fuel oil and natural gas in domestic heating applications• promoting distributed local agriculture productivity and energy productionThe specific issues discussed are:• Calculating the impact on Carbon Dioxide Emissions by using biomass as fuel• Valuing Energy Co-products compared to traditional Fossil Fuels• Estimating the cost of Biochar in Combined Heat and Biochar (CHAB) applications• Valuing Biochar in the Soil – the importance of Yield and Adsorption Capacity• The energy potential of a large amount of biomass – displacing Fossil Fuels• Biochar properties and CHAB production processes – balancing tradeoffs• Process-dependent Energy Co-product propertiesIntroductionBiomass represents the renewable resource with the largest potential to affect energy-related greenhouse gasemissions. There are many possible scenarios by which biomass could influence the current energy consumptionoptions and this analysis will attempt to put those options in perspective. In general, biomass can replace fossilfuels in energy consuming applications (electrical generation, transportation, heating), where the biomass fuelis considered “carbon-neutral”, but the overall application is actually “carbon-negative” if one includes the fossilfuels displaced, as discussed below. Alternately, biomass, in the form of biochar, can be used to sequester carbondioxide when used in agriculture, also considered “carbon-negative”. One can also create the linkage betweenthe consumption of fossil fuel, being “carbon-positive”, and a corresponding offset by carbon-negative biochar,resulting in a carbon-neutral combination. The combinations are endless, but ultimately, society has to meet itsenergy consumption requirement and manage the impact on the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.This analysis seeks to put in perspective the various predominate biomass conversion technologies. While thereare many variations of every technology, and the emergence of new approaches cannot be precluded, the focuswill be on slow pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis and gasification biomass conversion technologies. All of these technologiesare mature in the sense that they have extensive technical histories and have been implemented at pilotBiochar and energy linkages in: Biochar and Energy Co-products 15
Page 2 and 3: AcknowledgmentsThe Center for Energ
Page 4 and 5: U.S.-Focused Biochar Report:Assessm
Page 7 and 8: an efficiency of 32% and convention
Page 9 and 10: tion of N and S) get enriched in th
Page 11 and 12: Benefits of Biofuels and Potential
Page 13 and 14: conversion were taken into account.
Page 15 and 16: Lal, R. 2003. Global Potential of S
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Page 21 and 22: of value. Depending on the process,
Page 23 and 24: eowner will have one half of the 3.
Page 25: 100%10%Char yeild (wt % of dry biom
Page 28 and 29: chars acting more like lime and rai
Page 30 and 31: ConclusionSociety has hundreds of d
Page 34 and 35: • Free biochar particles with emb
Page 36 and 37: Smernik (2009) has suggested that b
Page 38 and 39: al. (2009) reported a reduction in
Page 40 and 41: Bauer A, Black AL (1994) Quantifica
Page 42 and 43: Shrestha RK, Lal R (2007) Soil Carb
Page 44 and 45: Sustainability OverviewThe most com
Page 46 and 47: • thinnings (both understory and
Page 48 and 49: nineties, more than six million acr
Page 50 and 51: 3. Biomass shall not come from land
Page 52 and 53: Sustainability Protocol Purpose 181
Page 54 and 55: • Administrative• Social• Qua
Page 56 and 57: y Biochar.- Societal Benefits: Bioc
Page 58 and 59: 1 hectare (ha) = 2.47 acres; 100 he
Page 60 and 61: the seven in the BBTV.Continuing al
Page 62 and 63: F2 (Expanded forestry residues; 0.1
Page 64 and 65: projects (p 81 of his thesis) doubl
Page 66 and 67: Other Global NPP. projections To be
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former term, as well as “Biochar
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Biochar relevance in GHG markets in
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It is far easier to measure emissio
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STEPS ANDDOCUMENTATIONRESPONSIBLE P
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only account for 4.5% of members’
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Analysis: Biochar And Carbon Market
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Quantification of reductions for bi
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