Hygiene Promotion - IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre

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mothers’ scarce time and energy and the family’s resources. Mothers were interested inhygiene education. They wanted short sessions and information materials in their ownlanguage and Spanish. Approval from fathers was crucial because they objected to higherwater bills. The project introduced a ‘happy corner’ for handwashing in the home andspread information to mothers on proper ways of washing hands. Fathers and children hadtheir own messages to reinforce the desired behaviours (Booth & Hurtado, 1992).In a second campaign, a catalyst (in this case a bilateral project) brought together thegovernments (which wanted to reduce diarrhoeas) with the private sector (the soapcompanies) in five countries. The campaign promoted proper practices (1: washing bothhands 2: with soap 3: rubbing at least three times 4: dry with a clean towel) at critical times(1: before food preparation 2: before eating 3: after toilet use 4: after cleaning babies’bottoms). Targeted were mothers in rural areas with low levels of education and socioeconomicstatus having children under five and primary schoolchildren from these families.Radio and television spots were the main media. In the evaluation, one in every threepeople could recall the campaign. This was less for rural and indigenous groups. In thebefore-after study in Guatemala, with an estimated outreach to 1.5 million children alone,the ability to mention all critical times and demonstrate the four proper practices increasedby 10%, especially in urban areas. Again, a ‘dedicated place’ for handwashing supportedgood practice. Changes in the other countries were more modest.Saadé, Camille, Bateman, Massee, Bendahmane, Diane B. (2001). The story of asuccessful public-private partnership in Central America: Handwashing for diarrhealdisease prevention. Arlington, BASICS, EHP, UNICEF, USAID and World Bank.http://www.basics.org/publications/pubs/Handwashing/handwashing%20frontmatter.PDFNicaragua 1: Use of the Hygiene Improvement Framework in disaster reliefTopics: HIF; Social marketing; trainingAfter Hurricane Mitch, EHP managed rehabilitation work in Nicaragua, focusing on watersupply, sanitation and environmental health. This was a two-year project and ended inDecember 2001. This project used the HIF conceptual framework as a basis for managingthe reconstruction (and in some cases new construction) of systems damaged byHurricane Mitch; the principal components were:• Access to hardware: construction of 2,692 water supply schemes; 7,226 householdlatrines and 3,503 environmental projects (drainage, solid waste management etc.).These projects were executed by seven NGOs and based on the concept ofcommunity participation and management.• Hygiene promotion: hygiene education and the promotion of positive behaviourchanges were incorporated as integral aspects of all activities at project level.Promotion and mobilisation was done through two principal mechanisms:o by the training and equipping of dedicated community members (as part of thewater committee) and44 Hygiene promotion
o through a schools programme, with formalised links with the ministry ofeducation.The EHP office in Managua facilitated the process of identifying criticalbehaviours, key messages and the standardisation of basic components for thevarious NGO hygiene promotion work-plans. In addition, the EHP programme wasinvolved with a nation-wide social marketing strategy, which promoted commonmessages and themes around safe handling of water in the household, safe useof latrines and personal hygiene. These were delivered through radio, print mediaand through a travelling bus, which visited rural areas where projects were beingimplemented.• Enabling environment: the programme focused on a number of key aspects of theenabling environment, both at project or community level (through strengthening watercommittees, training and community organisation etc.) and at national level (bydisseminating sector policy to the NGOs, capacity-building of the NGO implementingpartners, promotion of best-practices etc.). In this case, as EHP was managing theoverall programme, the application of the HIF framework as a conceptual “tool” wasdefinitely a conscious decision. It was a useful mechanism for management purposesand for providing continuity across a large and rapidly implemented programme. Someof the NGOs found it particularly useful for ordering their own thinking and approaches,especially those that had more limited previous experience. This programmeexperience is documented in the final report, which is available at the EHP websitehttp://www.ehproject.org/ under the publications section - Activity Report 06.This case study is based on a contribution to the HIF E-conference by:Harold Lockwood MSc,CIWEMTelefax: ++44 (0)1206.823329Mobile Tel: ++44 (0)7947.515985E-mail: AguaConsult@hotmail.comIRC International Water and Sanitation Centre 45
Page 2: Please note that the TOPs are a web
Page 7 and 8: 1. Hygiene PromotionWhat do you kno
Page 9 and 10: 2. Why hygiene promotion matters2.1
Page 11 and 12: • The costs of inaction can be hi
Page 13 and 14: 3. Learning from experiences and re
Page 15 and 16: • Hygiene Improvement Framework (
Page 17 and 18: groups, and facilitators of partici
Page 19 and 20: The diagrams are taken from McKee
Page 21 and 22: • Food, utensils and food prepara
Page 23 and 24: Guides for developing hygiene promo
Page 25 and 26: • What may prevent this change in
Page 27 and 28: areas, slabs and sanplats for latri
Page 29 and 30: often not taken seriously and their
Page 31 and 32: IIIIIIIVVInputsProcOutpEffectiImpae
Page 33 and 34: over for reasons of hierarchy, e.g.
Page 35 and 36: 5. Case studiesOn the following pag
Page 37 and 38: The Project recognises the importan
Page 39 and 40: almost all cases been exceeded, as
Page 41 and 42: skin diseases, HIV/AIDS and tubercu
Page 43 and 44: understanding of the importance of
Page 45: councils (JSCs) are associations of
Page 49 and 50: outputs and outcomes are focused mo
Page 51 and 52: Harvey, Eric, Shadrack Dau, Alana P
Page 53 and 54: programmes more effective. The obje
Page 55 and 56: scale. Comparison is on approach, l
Page 57 and 58: Hygiene Behaviour Network, in Globa
Page 59 and 60: WHO - World Health Organizationhttp
Page 61 and 62: Tel: (703) 247-8730Fax: (703) 243-9
Page 63 and 64: Manila, PhilippinesTel: +632 911-57
Page 65 and 66: TOP Courses and conferencesCREPA, B
Page 67 and 68: TOP ReferencesBoot, Marieke T. and
Page 69 and 70: TOP Quiz on Hygiene PromotionTry it
Page 71 and 72: Question 4All the interventions wil
Page 73 and 74: Then you may decide that this paper
Page 75 and 76: Appendix 1. Hygiene promotion manua
Page 77 and 78: 2. Target specific audiences.These
Page 79 and 80: Appendix 4. WASH facts and figures1
Page 81 and 82: Research)18: (IHE Newsletter, Janua
Page 83 and 84: Appendix 6. Preventive measuresMeas
Page 85 and 86: Appendix 8. Some key objectives for
Page 87 and 88: Appendix 9. Participatory tools and
Page 89 and 90: Appendix 10. The PHAST approachFor
Page 91 and 92: Planning techniques are used to sim
Page 93 and 94: While sensitive topics are often be
Page 95: About IRCIRC facilitates the sharin

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