Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians - UNEP - Division of ...

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3 Refrigerant Management Recovery from air-conditioning system Liquid transfer Air-conditioning installations may have service stop valves installed in the pipe lines. When recovering refrigerant from such a system, liquid should be transferred first because the quantity can be rather large. The push-pull method is recommended. The system’s liquid pipe should be connected to the recovery cylinder’s liquid side. The cylinder’s vapour side should be connected to the recovery inlet (suction) side. The discharge side recovery unit should be connected to the suction pipe on the air conditioning system. If there are available valves on the systems receiver (on the high pressure side), the recovery unit discharge side could be connected here as well. Liquid flows now from the liquid side of the air-conditioning system and into in the cylinder. The recovery unit will keep the pressure inside the cylinder lower than in the air-conditioning system and keep up the liquid flow. Vapour transfer When liquid transfer is completed there will still be some refrigerant vapour left in the system. To transfer all refrigerant to the recovery cylinder, connect the suction hose from the recovery unit to the gas pipe on the air-conditioning system. Connect the recovery unit discharge outlet hose to the recovery cylinder’s vapour side. Run the recovery unit until the suction gauge reads –0.7 bar (0.3 bar absolute) or lower. Recovery from mobile air conditioning (MAC) system Vapour transfer MAC systems are normally equipped with service valves on the compressor’s high and low-pressure sides. The refrigerant charge on such system is rather small and therefore only vapour transfer is required. Connect the hose from the recovery unit’s suction/ inlet side to the air-conditioning system’s compressor low-pressure side and the discharge hose to the vapour valve on the recovery cylinders. Run the recovery unit for 3 – 5 minutes. Connect another hose to the system’s high-pressure side and complete the recovery. Run the recovery unit until pressure gauges reads –0.7 bar (0.3 bar absolute) or lower. Refrigerant reclaiming Reclamation means to reprocess used refrigerant, typically by distillation, to conditions similar to that of virgin product specifications. Reclamation removes contaminants such as water, chloride, acidity, high boiling residue, particulates/solids, non-condensable, and impurities including other refrigerants. Chemical analysis of the refrigerant shall be required to determine that appropriate specifications are met. The identification of contaminants and required chemical analysis shall be specified by reference to national or international standards for new product specifications. Reclamation typically occurs at a reprocessing or manufacturing facility. Commercial units are available for use with R12, R22, R134a, etc, and are designed for the continuous use required on a long run recovery recycling procedure. 82
3 Refrigerant Management Further reading UNEP DTIE OzonAction - Guidebook for Implementation of Codes of Good Practice Refrigeration Sector, 1998 4 www.unep.fr/ozonaction/information/mmcfiles/2174-e.pdf UNEP DTIE OzonAction - Training Manual on Good Practices in Refrigeration – Training Manual, 1994 UNEP DTIE OzonAction - Training Manual on Chillers and Refrigerant Management, UNEP 1994 Ozone Unit of The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia - Manual for Refrigeration Service Technicians, 2006 4 www.ozoneunit.gov.mk/eng/doc/Training_manual_for_service_technicians.pdf Stockholm Environment Institute - Interlinked ODS Phase-Out Activities, 2005 4 www.sei.se/publications.html?task=view&catid=1&id=562 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) Proklima – Training Manual on Good Practices in Refrigeration, GTZ Proklima, 2009 4 www.gtz.de/proklima 83
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Manual for Refrigeration Servicing
Page 3 and 4:
Introduction When to use the manual
Page 5 and 6:
Introduction The Factors affecting
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Introduction How to assess conditio
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Introduction Characteristics of Sel
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Introduction Another form of refere
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Introduction Choose your chapter Th
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1 Environmental impact of refrigera
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1 Environmental Impact The ozone la
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1 Environmental Impact RADIATION FR
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1 Environmental Impact The ozone la
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1 Environmental Impact Effects of o
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1 Environmental Impact The greenhou
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1 Environmental Impact Timeline act
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1 Environmental Impact Alternative
Page 31 and 32: 1 Environmental Impact The way forw
Page 33 and 34: 2 Refrigerants 2.1. Section objecti
Page 35 and 36: 2 Refrigerants Chemical properties
Page 37 and 38: 2 Refrigerants Safety characteristi
Page 39 and 40: 2 Refrigerants Types of refrigerant
Page 41 and 42: 2 Refrigerants Those with ozone dep
Page 43 and 44: 2 Refrigerants Those with zero ozon
Page 45 and 46: 2 Refrigerants Carbon dioxide (CO2,
Page 47 and 48: 2 Refrigerants Azeotropic Blends An
Page 49 and 50: 2 Refrigerants Using Refrigerant Bl
Page 51 and 52: 2 Refrigerants Lubricants Today, al
Page 53 and 54: 2 Refrigerants Refrigerants and app
Page 55 and 56: 2 Refrigerants Properties of most c
Page 57 and 58: 3 Refrigerants Content Management M
Page 59 and 60: 3 Refrigerant Management The majori
Page 61 and 62: 3 Refrigerant Management Handling o
Page 63 and 64: 3 Refrigerant Management Recovery c
Page 65 and 66: 3 Refrigerant Management Refrigeran
Page 67 and 68: 3 Refrigerant Management Refrigeran
Page 69 and 70: 3 Refrigerant Management Open Refri
Page 71 and 72: 3 Refrigerant Management CHAPITRE 3
Page 73 and 74: 3 Refrigerant Management Recycling
Page 75 and 76: 3 Refrigerant Management equipment
Page 77 and 78: 3 Refrigerant Management CHAPITRE 3
Page 79 and 80: 3 Refrigerant Management PAGE 22 Ex
Page 81: 3 Refrigerant Management CHAPITRE 3
Page 85 and 86: Summary This section will provide t
Page 87 and 88: 4 Servicing Practices Moisture Mois
Page 89 and 90: 4 Servicing Practices Non-condensab
Page 91 and 92: 4 Servicing Practices Evacuation A
Page 93 and 94: 4 Servicing Practices 7 - For large
Page 95 and 96: 4 Servicing Practices Pressure unit
Page 97 and 98: CHAPITRE 4 4PAGE 10 LEAK DETECTION
Page 99 and 100: 4 Servicing Practices Detection met
Page 101 and 102: 4 Servicing Practices CHAPITRE 4 PA
Page 103 and 104: 4 Servicing Practices Volumetric ch
Page 105 and 106: 4 Servicing Practices Electronic ch
Page 107 and 108: 4 Servicing Practices Why charge re
Page 109 and 110: 5 Retrofitting Content General retr
Page 111 and 112: 5 Retrofitting • Upon evaluation
Page 113 and 114: 5 Retrofitting General retrofitting
Page 115 and 116: 5 Retrofitting procedures that you
Page 117 and 118: 5 Retrofitting MVAC retrofitting pr
Page 119 and 120: 5 Retrofitting Although, in general
Page 121 and 122: 5 Retrofitting Further reading UNEP
Page 123 and 124: 6 Summary 6.1. Overview of refriger
Page 125 and 126: 6 Safe Refrigerant Handling Oxygen
Page 127 and 128: 6 Safe Refrigerant Handling The com
Page 129 and 130: 6 Safe Refrigerant Handling • Nev
Page 131 and 132: 6 Safe Refrigerant Handling Safe ha
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling leak de
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling • Lea
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling Storage
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling Recomme
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling 3 - Sho
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Glossary Glossary Absolute pressure
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Glossary Fossil fuels Carbon-based
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Glossary hole in late 1985, governm
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Glossary Sealed system A refrigerat
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Acknowledgements Acknowledgements I
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Copyright Copyright © United Natio
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