Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians - UNEP - Division of ...

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3 Refrigerant Management Using the system’s own compressor If the refrigerant in a system is to be removed and the system has a working compressor, it is possible to use the compressor to recover the refrigerant. It may be possible to pump the system down in the normal way and then decant the refrigerant into a cooled recovery cylinder, or it may only be possible to use the cooled recovery cylinder as both condenser and receiver by installing it at the compressor outlet, as shown in this diagram. Capillary tube Closed Filter-drier Compressor operating Open Vapor valve open Recovery Cylinder packed in ice Using the compressor to recover the refrigerant 72
3 Refrigerant Management Recycling of refrigerant Recovered refrigerant may be reused in the same system from which it was removed or it may be removed from the site and processed for use in another system, depending upon the reason for its removal and its condition, i.e., the level and types of contaminants it contains. There are many potential hazards in the recovery of refrigerants, and recovery and reuse need to be monitored carefully. Potential contaminants in refrigerant are acids, air, moisture, high boiling residues and other particulate matter. Even low levels of these contaminants can reduce the working life of a refrigeration system and it is recommended that recovered refrigerant should be checked before reuse. Refrigerant from a unit with a burnt-out hermetic compressor is reusable providing it has been recovered with a recovery unit incorporating an oil separator and filters and that it has been checked for acidity. To check the acid content of any reclaimed oil it is necessary to use a refrigeration-oil-test-kit. Usually it is only a matter of filling a test bottle with the oil to be tested and mixing it with the test liquid inside. If result shows purple: oil is safe. If liquid turns yellow this would show the oil is acidic - and refrigerant/oil should not be used in system. Such material should be sent for reclamation or destruction. Refrigerant recycling There are in the market several units that recovers, recycles, evacuates and recharges – all in one fast, continuous operation through one hook-up; these are called refrigerant recycling machines. If it is to be returned, the next issue is the condition of the refrigerant. When the oil is separated from the refrigerant, the vast majority of the contaminants are contained in it. Most refrigerant recycling machines utilise filter-driers to remove any other moisture and acid as well as particles. It is generally acceptable to return this refrigerant to the system. CHAPITRE 3 The real problem occurs when there is a burnout in a hermetic compressor. PAGE A 15burnout is the result of electrical failure inside the compressor of the refrigeration system. This can be due to variety of factors. Typical Contamination single pass of system the refrigerant in this situation can range from mild to severe. Two recycling standard methods are used by equipment on the market. The first is referred to as single pass, and the other is a multiple pass. There is equipment that provides operation in both methods. • The single pass recycling machines process refrigerant through filter-driers and /or distillation. It makes only one trip from the recycling process through the machine and then into the storage cylinder. This image shows a typical single pass system. MANIFOLD PRE-FILTER RECOVERY UNIT CONDENSER FILTER DRIER SYSTEM Typical single pass system AC UNIT OIL SEPARATOR ACCUMULATOR OIL DRAIN PURGE UNIT RECOVERY CYLINDER FILTER DRIER 73 COMPRESSOR OIL DRAIN OIL SEPARATOR OIL RETURN
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Manual for Refrigeration Servicing
Page 3 and 4:
Introduction When to use the manual
Page 5 and 6:
Introduction The Factors affecting
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Introduction How to assess conditio
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Introduction Characteristics of Sel
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Introduction Another form of refere
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Introduction Choose your chapter Th
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1 Environmental impact of refrigera
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1 Environmental Impact The ozone la
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1 Environmental Impact RADIATION FR
Page 21 and 22: 1 Environmental Impact The ozone la
Page 23 and 24: 1 Environmental Impact Effects of o
Page 25 and 26: 1 Environmental Impact The greenhou
Page 27 and 28: 1 Environmental Impact Timeline act
Page 29 and 30: 1 Environmental Impact Alternative
Page 31 and 32: 1 Environmental Impact The way forw
Page 33 and 34: 2 Refrigerants 2.1. Section objecti
Page 35 and 36: 2 Refrigerants Chemical properties
Page 37 and 38: 2 Refrigerants Safety characteristi
Page 39 and 40: 2 Refrigerants Types of refrigerant
Page 41 and 42: 2 Refrigerants Those with ozone dep
Page 43 and 44: 2 Refrigerants Those with zero ozon
Page 45 and 46: 2 Refrigerants Carbon dioxide (CO2,
Page 47 and 48: 2 Refrigerants Azeotropic Blends An
Page 49 and 50: 2 Refrigerants Using Refrigerant Bl
Page 51 and 52: 2 Refrigerants Lubricants Today, al
Page 53 and 54: 2 Refrigerants Refrigerants and app
Page 55 and 56: 2 Refrigerants Properties of most c
Page 57 and 58: 3 Refrigerants Content Management M
Page 59 and 60: 3 Refrigerant Management The majori
Page 61 and 62: 3 Refrigerant Management Handling o
Page 63 and 64: 3 Refrigerant Management Recovery c
Page 65 and 66: 3 Refrigerant Management Refrigeran
Page 67 and 68: 3 Refrigerant Management Refrigeran
Page 69 and 70: 3 Refrigerant Management Open Refri
Page 71: 3 Refrigerant Management CHAPITRE 3
Page 75 and 76: 3 Refrigerant Management equipment
Page 77 and 78: 3 Refrigerant Management CHAPITRE 3
Page 79 and 80: 3 Refrigerant Management PAGE 22 Ex
Page 81 and 82: 3 Refrigerant Management CHAPITRE 3
Page 83 and 84: 3 Refrigerant Management Further re
Page 85 and 86: Summary This section will provide t
Page 87 and 88: 4 Servicing Practices Moisture Mois
Page 89 and 90: 4 Servicing Practices Non-condensab
Page 91 and 92: 4 Servicing Practices Evacuation A
Page 93 and 94: 4 Servicing Practices 7 - For large
Page 95 and 96: 4 Servicing Practices Pressure unit
Page 97 and 98: CHAPITRE 4 4PAGE 10 LEAK DETECTION
Page 99 and 100: 4 Servicing Practices Detection met
Page 101 and 102: 4 Servicing Practices CHAPITRE 4 PA
Page 103 and 104: 4 Servicing Practices Volumetric ch
Page 105 and 106: 4 Servicing Practices Electronic ch
Page 107 and 108: 4 Servicing Practices Why charge re
Page 109 and 110: 5 Retrofitting Content General retr
Page 111 and 112: 5 Retrofitting • Upon evaluation
Page 113 and 114: 5 Retrofitting General retrofitting
Page 115 and 116: 5 Retrofitting procedures that you
Page 117 and 118: 5 Retrofitting MVAC retrofitting pr
Page 119 and 120: 5 Retrofitting Although, in general
Page 121 and 122: 5 Retrofitting Further reading UNEP
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6 Summary 6.1. Overview of refriger
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling Oxygen
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling The com
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling • Nev
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling Safe ha
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling leak de
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling • Lea
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling Storage
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling Recomme
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling 3 - Sho
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Glossary Glossary Absolute pressure
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Glossary Fossil fuels Carbon-based
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Glossary hole in late 1985, governm
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Glossary Sealed system A refrigerat
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Acknowledgements Acknowledgements I
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Copyright Copyright © United Natio
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