Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians - UNEP - Division of ...

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Introduction How to use this manual The objectives on the page 6 When to use this manual may be achieved through a variety of means, including those detailed within this manual and from other sources. When a technician arrives at a system to carry out activities that involve refrigerant handling, and as they begin their work, they must formulate a view as to how to deal with the system in hand. The considerations as to what to do with the system may include: Repair: Whether to repair and refill with the same refrigerant. Drop-in refrigerant change: Whether to repair and drop-in with a new refrigerant, and if so, which refrigerant to use. Retrofitting: Whether to repair and retrofit with a new refrigerant, and if so, which refrigerant to use. Redesign: Whether to repair, and add refrigerant, but also carry out other improvements to improve the reliability and efficiency. Replacement: Whether to replace the entire system with a new one, and if so, which system and which refrigerant. Read The Factors Affecting the Decision 4 4
Introduction The Factors affecting the decision The decision as to which approach to take is rarely an obvious one, and requires consideration of many aspects. Type of refrigerant and its availability If a system uses a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) then it is likely to be difficult to obtain, or even prohibited. The same will apply to hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) in the future. Severity of leakage For systems that have a history of high leakage, perhaps due to poor manufacture or construction, or being positioned in a vulnerable location, consideration should be given to replacing them, or redesigning/reinstalling the susceptible parts. Charge of refrigerant If a system has a small charge of controlled or less available refrigerant, then it may not be so problematic to retain it, whereas if the charge is large then it would be sensible to replace it. Availability of alternative refrigerant The choice of alternative refrigerant should ideally be a substance with zero ozone depleting potential (ODP) i.e. not a CFC or HCFC or a blend that contains either. It should have as low a GWP as possible. Physical size of the system If a system is very large, replacing it with a new system may require considerable cost. Availability of similar (replacement) systems If the system is particularly complex and a replacement is being considered, it should only be done provided a replacement system is easily available. Availability of expertise associated with the type of system Involved types of work or replacing parts or the entire system should only be done provided that sufficient expertise is available. Degree of integration into application Where a system is partially integrated into an application or a building, or is part of a much larger mechanical installation, it is likely to be much easier and more cost effective to carry out minimal work rather than trying to replace it with a new system. Condition/state of equipment For systems in a very poor condition, where perpetual maintenance and repairs are likely, then installation of a new system may be appropriate. 5
Page 1 and 2: Manual for Refrigeration Servicing
Page 3: Introduction When to use the manual
Page 7 and 8: Introduction How to assess conditio
Page 9 and 10: Introduction Characteristics of Sel
Page 11 and 12: Introduction Another form of refere
Page 13 and 14: Introduction Choose your chapter Th
Page 15 and 16: 1 Environmental impact of refrigera
Page 17 and 18: 1 Environmental Impact The ozone la
Page 19 and 20: 1 Environmental Impact RADIATION FR
Page 21 and 22: 1 Environmental Impact The ozone la
Page 23 and 24: 1 Environmental Impact Effects of o
Page 25 and 26: 1 Environmental Impact The greenhou
Page 27 and 28: 1 Environmental Impact Timeline act
Page 29 and 30: 1 Environmental Impact Alternative
Page 31 and 32: 1 Environmental Impact The way forw
Page 33 and 34: 2 Refrigerants 2.1. Section objecti
Page 35 and 36: 2 Refrigerants Chemical properties
Page 37 and 38: 2 Refrigerants Safety characteristi
Page 39 and 40: 2 Refrigerants Types of refrigerant
Page 41 and 42: 2 Refrigerants Those with ozone dep
Page 43 and 44: 2 Refrigerants Those with zero ozon
Page 45 and 46: 2 Refrigerants Carbon dioxide (CO2,
Page 47 and 48: 2 Refrigerants Azeotropic Blends An
Page 49 and 50: 2 Refrigerants Using Refrigerant Bl
Page 51 and 52: 2 Refrigerants Lubricants Today, al
Page 53 and 54: 2 Refrigerants Refrigerants and app
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2 Refrigerants Properties of most c
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3 Refrigerants Content Management M
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3 Refrigerant Management The majori
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3 Refrigerant Management Handling o
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3 Refrigerant Management Recovery c
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3 Refrigerant Management Refrigeran
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3 Refrigerant Management Refrigeran
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3 Refrigerant Management Open Refri
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3 Refrigerant Management CHAPITRE 3
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3 Refrigerant Management Recycling
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3 Refrigerant Management equipment
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3 Refrigerant Management PAGE 22 Ex
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3 Refrigerant Management Further re
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Summary This section will provide t
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4 Servicing Practices Moisture Mois
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4 Servicing Practices Non-condensab
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4 Servicing Practices Evacuation A
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4 Servicing Practices 7 - For large
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4 Servicing Practices Pressure unit
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CHAPITRE 4 4PAGE 10 LEAK DETECTION
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4 Servicing Practices Detection met
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4 Servicing Practices CHAPITRE 4 PA
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4 Servicing Practices Volumetric ch
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4 Servicing Practices Electronic ch
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4 Servicing Practices Why charge re
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5 Retrofitting Content General retr
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5 Retrofitting • Upon evaluation
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5 Retrofitting General retrofitting
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5 Retrofitting procedures that you
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5 Retrofitting MVAC retrofitting pr
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5 Retrofitting Although, in general
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5 Retrofitting Further reading UNEP
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6 Summary 6.1. Overview of refriger
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling Oxygen
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling The com
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling • Nev
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling Safe ha
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling leak de
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling • Lea
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling Storage
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling Recomme
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling 3 - Sho
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Glossary Glossary Absolute pressure
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Glossary Fossil fuels Carbon-based
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Glossary hole in late 1985, governm
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Glossary Sealed system A refrigerat
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Acknowledgements Acknowledgements I
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Copyright Copyright © United Natio
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