Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians - UNEP - Division of ...

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1 Environmental Impact Here are the schedules for HCFC phase-out schedules for Article 5 (developing) countries and Non-Article 5 countries: Article 5 countries HCFC phase-out schedules (production and consumption) Level Year Baseline Average of 2009 and 2010 Freeze 2013 10% reduction (90% of baseline) 2015 35% reduction (65% of baseline) 2020 67.5% reduction (32.5% of baseline) 2025 Total phase-out 2.5 % of baseline averaged over ten years (2030-2040) allowed, if necessary, for 2030 servicing of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment until 2040 2030-2040 Non-Article 5 countries HCFC phase-out schedules (production and consumption) Level Year Baseline 1989 HCFC consumption + 2.8% of 1989 consumption Freeze 1996 35% reduction (65% of baseline) 2004 75% reduction (25% of baseline) 2010 90% reduction (10% of baseline) 2015 Total phase-out 0.5 % of baseline restricted to servicing of 2020 refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment until 2030 2020-2030 28
1 Environmental Impact Alternative refrigerants and regulations Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants were developed in the 1980s and 1990s as alternative refrigerants to CFCs and HCFCs. HFCs do not contain chlorine, and therefore do not destroy the ozone layer. They do, however, contribute to global warming; HFCs are greenhouse gases and as such they are in the group of gases included within the Kyoto Protocol. Several regions and countries in the world are adopting regulations to contain, prevent and thereby reduce emissions of the fluorinated greenhouse gases covered by the Kyoto Protocol. Examples of regulation: European 4 USA 4 29
Page 1 and 2: Manual for Refrigeration Servicing
Page 3 and 4: Introduction When to use the manual
Page 5 and 6: Introduction The Factors affecting
Page 7 and 8: Introduction How to assess conditio
Page 9 and 10: Introduction Characteristics of Sel
Page 11 and 12: Introduction Another form of refere
Page 13 and 14: Introduction Choose your chapter Th
Page 15 and 16: 1 Environmental impact of refrigera
Page 17 and 18: 1 Environmental Impact The ozone la
Page 19 and 20: 1 Environmental Impact RADIATION FR
Page 21 and 22: 1 Environmental Impact The ozone la
Page 23 and 24: 1 Environmental Impact Effects of o
Page 25 and 26: 1 Environmental Impact The greenhou
Page 27: 1 Environmental Impact Timeline act
Page 31 and 32: 1 Environmental Impact The way forw
Page 33 and 34: 2 Refrigerants 2.1. Section objecti
Page 35 and 36: 2 Refrigerants Chemical properties
Page 37 and 38: 2 Refrigerants Safety characteristi
Page 39 and 40: 2 Refrigerants Types of refrigerant
Page 41 and 42: 2 Refrigerants Those with ozone dep
Page 43 and 44: 2 Refrigerants Those with zero ozon
Page 45 and 46: 2 Refrigerants Carbon dioxide (CO2,
Page 47 and 48: 2 Refrigerants Azeotropic Blends An
Page 49 and 50: 2 Refrigerants Using Refrigerant Bl
Page 51 and 52: 2 Refrigerants Lubricants Today, al
Page 53 and 54: 2 Refrigerants Refrigerants and app
Page 55 and 56: 2 Refrigerants Properties of most c
Page 57 and 58: 3 Refrigerants Content Management M
Page 59 and 60: 3 Refrigerant Management The majori
Page 61 and 62: 3 Refrigerant Management Handling o
Page 63 and 64: 3 Refrigerant Management Recovery c
Page 65 and 66: 3 Refrigerant Management Refrigeran
Page 67 and 68: 3 Refrigerant Management Refrigeran
Page 69 and 70: 3 Refrigerant Management Open Refri
Page 71 and 72: 3 Refrigerant Management CHAPITRE 3
Page 73 and 74: 3 Refrigerant Management Recycling
Page 75 and 76: 3 Refrigerant Management equipment
Page 77 and 78: 3 Refrigerant Management CHAPITRE 3
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3 Refrigerant Management PAGE 22 Ex
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3 Refrigerant Management CHAPITRE 3
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3 Refrigerant Management Further re
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Summary This section will provide t
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4 Servicing Practices Moisture Mois
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4 Servicing Practices Non-condensab
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4 Servicing Practices Evacuation A
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4 Servicing Practices 7 - For large
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4 Servicing Practices Pressure unit
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CHAPITRE 4 4PAGE 10 LEAK DETECTION
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4 Servicing Practices Detection met
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4 Servicing Practices CHAPITRE 4 PA
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4 Servicing Practices Volumetric ch
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4 Servicing Practices Electronic ch
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4 Servicing Practices Why charge re
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5 Retrofitting Content General retr
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5 Retrofitting • Upon evaluation
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5 Retrofitting General retrofitting
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5 Retrofitting procedures that you
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5 Retrofitting MVAC retrofitting pr
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5 Retrofitting Although, in general
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5 Retrofitting Further reading UNEP
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6 Summary 6.1. Overview of refriger
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling Oxygen
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling The com
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling • Nev
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling Safe ha
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling leak de
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling • Lea
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling Storage
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling Recomme
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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling 3 - Sho
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Glossary Glossary Absolute pressure
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Glossary Fossil fuels Carbon-based
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Glossary hole in late 1985, governm
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Glossary Sealed system A refrigerat
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Acknowledgements Acknowledgements I
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Copyright Copyright © United Natio
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