Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians - UNEP - Division of ...

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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling Physiological effects of different R717 concentrations (IOR, 2005) Concentration Effect on unprotected human body Exposure Limits 20 ppm Smell readily detected by most people 25 ppm HSE long term exposure limit 35 ppm HSE short term exposure limit 50 ppm 70 ppm 400 – 700 ppm 1700 ppm 2000 – 5000 ppm Smell is distinctive and may be irritating No dangerous effects on healthy people Immediate irritation to eyes, nose, throat and respiratory system. Severe coughing, cramp, serious irritation to nose, eyes, throat and respiratory system Severe coughing, cramp, serious irritation to nose, eyes, throat and respiratory system Unlimited 8hrs per day 5 days per week 15mins per day not more than 1 hour per week Do not stay longer than necessary Leave the area Under normal circumstances no serious injury in 1 hour 30 mins exposure can lead to serious injury 30 mins exposure can lead to death 5000 ppm Respiratory spasm, rapid asphyxia Lethal within a few minutes 138
6 Safe Refrigerant Handling Recommendations for exposure If you do come into physical contact with ammonia, you should administer the following first aid, and seek immediate medical attention: Skin contact: Remove contaminated clothing. Drench with large quantities of water and continue to wash affected skin areas for at least 20 – 30 minutes, and use safety shower if available. In the case of freeze burns, clothing may adhere to the skin, in which case, immerse the affected area in comfortably warm water to defrost. Eye contact: Flood eyes with clean tap water for at least 20 – 30 minutes followed by immediate medical attention. Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water and give plenty to drink. Do not induce vomiting but seek medical attention immediately. Inhalation: Remove the patient to fresh air immediately. Remove contaminated clothing and keep the patient warm and rested. Seek medical assistance immediately. The patient must be kept under observation for at least 48 hours after exposure as delayed pulmonary oedema may develop. Safety procedure guidelines In order to be able to respond to a release of R717, the following should be adhered to: • Escape routes should be known and must be free from obstacles. • Suitable personal protective equipment including gloves and goggles must be worn at all times. • Ensure that breathing apparatus and/or respirator masks are available and close to hand. It is good practice for engineers to wear their respirator mask loose around the neck when carrying out any works other than visual inspections. • Fire-fighting equipment should be accessible within the machinery room. • Work should only commence on equipment after carrying out a full and approved risk assessment plus a method statement so that “everyone” is aware of what works are being undertaken and by whom. • Only qualified or experienced engineers should work on ammonia systems. • If carrying out works other than routine checks then engineers should work in pairs. Due to the widespread use of ammonia throughout industry, many countries have specific laws relating to its use and handling. It is important to check national regulations with respect to the following: • General health and safety legislation • National and international refrigeration safety standards • Codes of practice issues by trade bodies and institutes • Rules for storage and handling of hazardous materials. 139
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Manual for Refrigeration Servicing
Page 3 and 4:
Introduction When to use the manual
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Introduction The Factors affecting
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Introduction How to assess conditio
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Introduction Characteristics of Sel
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Introduction Another form of refere
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Introduction Choose your chapter Th
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1 Environmental impact of refrigera
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1 Environmental Impact The ozone la
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1 Environmental Impact RADIATION FR
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1 Environmental Impact The ozone la
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1 Environmental Impact Effects of o
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1 Environmental Impact The greenhou
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1 Environmental Impact Timeline act
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1 Environmental Impact Alternative
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1 Environmental Impact The way forw
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2 Refrigerants 2.1. Section objecti
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2 Refrigerants Chemical properties
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2 Refrigerants Safety characteristi
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2 Refrigerants Types of refrigerant
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2 Refrigerants Those with ozone dep
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2 Refrigerants Those with zero ozon
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2 Refrigerants Carbon dioxide (CO2,
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2 Refrigerants Azeotropic Blends An
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2 Refrigerants Using Refrigerant Bl
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2 Refrigerants Lubricants Today, al
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2 Refrigerants Refrigerants and app
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2 Refrigerants Properties of most c
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3 Refrigerants Content Management M
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3 Refrigerant Management The majori
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3 Refrigerant Management Handling o
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3 Refrigerant Management Recovery c
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3 Refrigerant Management Refrigeran
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3 Refrigerant Management Refrigeran
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3 Refrigerant Management Open Refri
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3 Refrigerant Management CHAPITRE 3
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3 Refrigerant Management Recycling
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3 Refrigerant Management equipment
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3 Refrigerant Management PAGE 22 Ex
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3 Refrigerant Management Further re
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Summary This section will provide t
Page 87 and 88: 4 Servicing Practices Moisture Mois
Page 89 and 90: 4 Servicing Practices Non-condensab
Page 91 and 92: 4 Servicing Practices Evacuation A
Page 93 and 94: 4 Servicing Practices 7 - For large
Page 95 and 96: 4 Servicing Practices Pressure unit
Page 97 and 98: CHAPITRE 4 4PAGE 10 LEAK DETECTION
Page 99 and 100: 4 Servicing Practices Detection met
Page 101 and 102: 4 Servicing Practices CHAPITRE 4 PA
Page 103 and 104: 4 Servicing Practices Volumetric ch
Page 105 and 106: 4 Servicing Practices Electronic ch
Page 107 and 108: 4 Servicing Practices Why charge re
Page 109 and 110: 5 Retrofitting Content General retr
Page 111 and 112: 5 Retrofitting • Upon evaluation
Page 113 and 114: 5 Retrofitting General retrofitting
Page 115 and 116: 5 Retrofitting procedures that you
Page 117 and 118: 5 Retrofitting MVAC retrofitting pr
Page 119 and 120: 5 Retrofitting Although, in general
Page 121 and 122: 5 Retrofitting Further reading UNEP
Page 123 and 124: 6 Summary 6.1. Overview of refriger
Page 125 and 126: 6 Safe Refrigerant Handling Oxygen
Page 127 and 128: 6 Safe Refrigerant Handling The com
Page 129 and 130: 6 Safe Refrigerant Handling • Nev
Page 131 and 132: 6 Safe Refrigerant Handling Safe ha
Page 133 and 134: 6 Safe Refrigerant Handling leak de
Page 135 and 136: 6 Safe Refrigerant Handling • Lea
Page 137: 6 Safe Refrigerant Handling Storage
Page 141 and 142: 6 Safe Refrigerant Handling 3 - Sho
Page 143 and 144: Glossary Glossary Absolute pressure
Page 145 and 146: Glossary Fossil fuels Carbon-based
Page 147 and 148: Glossary hole in late 1985, governm
Page 149 and 150: Glossary Sealed system A refrigerat
Page 151 and 152: Acknowledgements Acknowledgements I
Page 153: Copyright Copyright © United Natio
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