Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians - UNEP - Division of ...

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6 Safe Refrigerant Handling • Never force connections that do not fit. Ensure the cylinder valve outlet threads are the same as what is being connected to it. • Cylinders should always be stored upright, and larger cylinders should be chained in place to avoid falling as shown here: • It is preferable to store cylinders within a secured cage. CHAPITRE 6 PAGE 08 • Cylinders stored in the open must be protected from extremes of weather and direct sunlight. R-134a R-134a 125lbs R-401A 125lbs 125lbs • Never expose cylinders to continuous dampness, salt water, or spray. They should be kept in a cool, dry and properly ventilated storage area, away from heat, flames, corrosive chemicals, fumes and explosives, and be otherwise protected from damage. • Cylinders should never be exposed to temperature above 52°C. • Store full and empty cylinders apart to avoid confusion. They must be clearly marked. • Store cylinders secured and upright in an area where they will not be knocked over or damaged, and never store cylinders near elevators or gangways, or near highly flammable substances. • Refrigerant cylinders should never be filled over 80% of their capacity because the liquid expansion may cause the cylinder to burst – as shown in this illustration: • Always check the refrigerant number before charging to avoid mixing refrigerants. • Check the cylinder stamp to ensure the cylinder is safe. Inspect refrigerant cylinders regularly. Do not use the cylinders if they show signs of rust, distortion, denting, or corrosion. • Never refill disposable cylinders with anything. Do not use disposable refrigerant cylinders as compressed air tanks. CHAPITRE 6 PAGE 09 • Any evidence of a leak, visual or by a leak detector must be corrected immediately, by either stopping the leak or transferring all products from the leaking container into a secure container to allow for repairs. Cylinder Temp. Starting with cylinder 75% full by volume Cylinder Temp. Starting with cylinder 85% full by volume NEVER 21°C 38°C 54°C 66°C 75% Space 21°C 38°C 54°C 66°C 85% Space 80% Space 95% Space 90% Space 100% Effect of temperature on liquid volume inside a cylinder 130 95% Space
6 Safe Refrigerant Handling Safe handling of flammable refrigerants Whilst hydrocarbons are very good refrigerants, their flammability means that their use need to be considered carefully. Safety and legislative issues need to be fully understood. The use of hydrocarbons has been widespread in the European domestic refrigeration market since the mid-nineties. The following steps will help: Manuals and instructions 4 General Approach to hydrocarbon refrigerant handling 4 Safety check of the working area 4 Safety check of the refrigeration equipment 4 Safety checks to electrical devices 4 Detection of hydrocarbon refrigerants 4 Breaking into a system and removal of refrigerant 4 Charging of refrigerant 4 Cylinder handling 4 Storage of cylinders 4 131
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Manual for Refrigeration Servicing
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Introduction When to use the manual
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Introduction The Factors affecting
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Introduction How to assess conditio
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Introduction Characteristics of Sel
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Introduction Another form of refere
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Introduction Choose your chapter Th
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1 Environmental impact of refrigera
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1 Environmental Impact The ozone la
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1 Environmental Impact RADIATION FR
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1 Environmental Impact The ozone la
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1 Environmental Impact Effects of o
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1 Environmental Impact The greenhou
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1 Environmental Impact Timeline act
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1 Environmental Impact Alternative
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1 Environmental Impact The way forw
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2 Refrigerants 2.1. Section objecti
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2 Refrigerants Chemical properties
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2 Refrigerants Safety characteristi
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2 Refrigerants Types of refrigerant
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2 Refrigerants Those with ozone dep
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2 Refrigerants Those with zero ozon
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2 Refrigerants Carbon dioxide (CO2,
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2 Refrigerants Azeotropic Blends An
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2 Refrigerants Using Refrigerant Bl
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2 Refrigerants Lubricants Today, al
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2 Refrigerants Refrigerants and app
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2 Refrigerants Properties of most c
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3 Refrigerants Content Management M
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3 Refrigerant Management The majori
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3 Refrigerant Management Handling o
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3 Refrigerant Management Recovery c
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3 Refrigerant Management Refrigeran
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3 Refrigerant Management Refrigeran
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3 Refrigerant Management Open Refri
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3 Refrigerant Management CHAPITRE 3
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3 Refrigerant Management Recycling
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3 Refrigerant Management equipment
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3 Refrigerant Management CHAPITRE 3
Page 79 and 80: 3 Refrigerant Management PAGE 22 Ex
Page 81 and 82: 3 Refrigerant Management CHAPITRE 3
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Page 85 and 86: Summary This section will provide t
Page 87 and 88: 4 Servicing Practices Moisture Mois
Page 89 and 90: 4 Servicing Practices Non-condensab
Page 91 and 92: 4 Servicing Practices Evacuation A
Page 93 and 94: 4 Servicing Practices 7 - For large
Page 95 and 96: 4 Servicing Practices Pressure unit
Page 97 and 98: CHAPITRE 4 4PAGE 10 LEAK DETECTION
Page 99 and 100: 4 Servicing Practices Detection met
Page 101 and 102: 4 Servicing Practices CHAPITRE 4 PA
Page 103 and 104: 4 Servicing Practices Volumetric ch
Page 105 and 106: 4 Servicing Practices Electronic ch
Page 107 and 108: 4 Servicing Practices Why charge re
Page 109 and 110: 5 Retrofitting Content General retr
Page 111 and 112: 5 Retrofitting • Upon evaluation
Page 113 and 114: 5 Retrofitting General retrofitting
Page 115 and 116: 5 Retrofitting procedures that you
Page 117 and 118: 5 Retrofitting MVAC retrofitting pr
Page 119 and 120: 5 Retrofitting Although, in general
Page 121 and 122: 5 Retrofitting Further reading UNEP
Page 123 and 124: 6 Summary 6.1. Overview of refriger
Page 125 and 126: 6 Safe Refrigerant Handling Oxygen
Page 127 and 128: 6 Safe Refrigerant Handling The com
Page 129: 6 Safe Refrigerant Handling • Nev
Page 133 and 134: 6 Safe Refrigerant Handling leak de
Page 135 and 136: 6 Safe Refrigerant Handling • Lea
Page 137 and 138: 6 Safe Refrigerant Handling Storage
Page 139 and 140: 6 Safe Refrigerant Handling Recomme
Page 141 and 142: 6 Safe Refrigerant Handling 3 - Sho
Page 143 and 144: Glossary Glossary Absolute pressure
Page 145 and 146: Glossary Fossil fuels Carbon-based
Page 147 and 148: Glossary hole in late 1985, governm
Page 149 and 150: Glossary Sealed system A refrigerat
Page 151 and 152: Acknowledgements Acknowledgements I
Page 153: Copyright Copyright © United Natio
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