Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians - UNEP - Division of ...

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6 Safety Content Guidelines Overview of refrigerant safety 4 Important safety procedures 4 Safe handling of flammable refrigerants 4 Safe handling of ammonia (NH3, R717) 4 Safe handling of carbon dioxide (CO2, R744) 4 Further reading 4
6 Summary 6.1. Overview of refrigerant safety This section covers the relevant safety issues necessary for working with refrigerants. There is a general description of the safety implications of refrigerants, including toxicity, oxygen displacement, flammability, degradation products, and high pressure to highlight the major hazards. It includes a summary of the important safety procedures, such as personal protection, ensuring a safe working area, working on a system safety, and how to handle refrigerant cylinders appropriately. Primarily aimed at the use of hydrocarbon (HC) refrigerants, there is also a section detailing the special requirements for working with flammable refrigerants, and further guidelines specific to the use of ammonia (NH3, R717). Upon completion, the technician should be able to identify safety procedures for handling refrigerants and servicing installations. Safe Refrigerant Handling The use, storage and handling of all refrigerants present safety hazards. These hazards may be related to a number of aspects, in that they may: • be stored at high pressure • displace oxygen when released in air • have toxicological effects • be flammable • have dangerous decomposition products. At least one of these characteristics applies to any refrigerant, and for that reason, a variety of precautions must be followed to ensure against injury to persons and damage to property. Thus, safety begins with observing basic precautions and following simple procedures. Before using or handling any refrigerant, personnel should be familiar with the characteristics of the specific substance, reading all relevant information, which is always available from the supplier and manufacturer. It is also important to understand that safety hazards equally apply to other materials used with refrigerating systems. These include refrigeration oils, nitrogen, cleaning agents and oxy-acetylene for brazing. Whenever handling hazardous substances, a risk assessment should be carried out, in order to determine what the potential risks
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Manual for Refrigeration Servicing
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Introduction When to use the manual
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Introduction The Factors affecting
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Introduction How to assess conditio
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Introduction Characteristics of Sel
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Introduction Another form of refere
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Introduction Choose your chapter Th
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1 Environmental impact of refrigera
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1 Environmental Impact The ozone la
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1 Environmental Impact RADIATION FR
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1 Environmental Impact The ozone la
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1 Environmental Impact Effects of o
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1 Environmental Impact The greenhou
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1 Environmental Impact Timeline act
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1 Environmental Impact Alternative
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1 Environmental Impact The way forw
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2 Refrigerants 2.1. Section objecti
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2 Refrigerants Chemical properties
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2 Refrigerants Safety characteristi
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2 Refrigerants Types of refrigerant
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2 Refrigerants Those with ozone dep
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2 Refrigerants Those with zero ozon
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2 Refrigerants Carbon dioxide (CO2,
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2 Refrigerants Azeotropic Blends An
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2 Refrigerants Using Refrigerant Bl
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2 Refrigerants Lubricants Today, al
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2 Refrigerants Refrigerants and app
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2 Refrigerants Properties of most c
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3 Refrigerants Content Management M
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3 Refrigerant Management The majori
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3 Refrigerant Management Handling o
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3 Refrigerant Management Recovery c
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3 Refrigerant Management Refrigeran
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3 Refrigerant Management Refrigeran
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3 Refrigerant Management Open Refri
Page 71 and 72: 3 Refrigerant Management CHAPITRE 3
Page 73 and 74: 3 Refrigerant Management Recycling
Page 75 and 76: 3 Refrigerant Management equipment
Page 79 and 80: 3 Refrigerant Management PAGE 22 Ex
Page 83 and 84: 3 Refrigerant Management Further re
Page 85 and 86: Summary This section will provide t
Page 87 and 88: 4 Servicing Practices Moisture Mois
Page 89 and 90: 4 Servicing Practices Non-condensab
Page 91 and 92: 4 Servicing Practices Evacuation A
Page 93 and 94: 4 Servicing Practices 7 - For large
Page 95 and 96: 4 Servicing Practices Pressure unit
Page 97 and 98: CHAPITRE 4 4PAGE 10 LEAK DETECTION
Page 99 and 100: 4 Servicing Practices Detection met
Page 101 and 102: 4 Servicing Practices CHAPITRE 4 PA
Page 103 and 104: 4 Servicing Practices Volumetric ch
Page 105 and 106: 4 Servicing Practices Electronic ch
Page 107 and 108: 4 Servicing Practices Why charge re
Page 109 and 110: 5 Retrofitting Content General retr
Page 111 and 112: 5 Retrofitting • Upon evaluation
Page 113 and 114: 5 Retrofitting General retrofitting
Page 115 and 116: 5 Retrofitting procedures that you
Page 117 and 118: 5 Retrofitting MVAC retrofitting pr
Page 119 and 120: 5 Retrofitting Although, in general
Page 121: 5 Retrofitting Further reading UNEP
Page 125 and 126: 6 Safe Refrigerant Handling Oxygen
Page 127 and 128: 6 Safe Refrigerant Handling The com
Page 129 and 130: 6 Safe Refrigerant Handling • Nev
Page 131 and 132: 6 Safe Refrigerant Handling Safe ha
Page 133 and 134: 6 Safe Refrigerant Handling leak de
Page 135 and 136: 6 Safe Refrigerant Handling • Lea
Page 137 and 138: 6 Safe Refrigerant Handling Storage
Page 139 and 140: 6 Safe Refrigerant Handling Recomme
Page 141 and 142: 6 Safe Refrigerant Handling 3 - Sho
Page 143 and 144: Glossary Glossary Absolute pressure
Page 145 and 146: Glossary Fossil fuels Carbon-based
Page 147 and 148: Glossary hole in late 1985, governm
Page 149 and 150: Glossary Sealed system A refrigerat
Page 151 and 152: Acknowledgements Acknowledgements I
Page 153: Copyright Copyright © United Natio
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