The Navy Vol_22_Part2 1960 - Navy League of Australia
The Navy Vol_22_Part2 1960 - Navy League of Australia The Navy Vol_22_Part2 1960 - Navy League of Australia
MELBOURNESTEAMSHIPCO. LTD.Head Office51 KING ST., MELBOURNEBranches or Agenciesat all portsManaging Agents forHOBSONS BAY DOCK ANDENGINEERING CO. PTY.LTD.Works: Williamstown, VictoriaHODGE ENGINEERING CO.PTY. LTD.Works: Sussex St., SydneyandCOCKBURN ENGINEERINGPTY. LTD.Works: Hints Rd., FremantleShip Repairers, etc.Always ask lor . . .SHELLEY'SFAMOUS DRINKSObtainable from leadingshops and saloonsCORDIAL FACTORYSHELLEY & SONSPTY.MURRAYLTD.STREETMARRICKVILLEN.S.W.Phone: LA 5461HYDROGRAPHERS CONFERThe Hydrographer of TheRoyal Australian Navv. ('dr.•J. 11. S. Osborn (right),discusses with (.'dr. J. Sehoficldthe amount of survey workwhich still lias to be done. Itis estimated that it will be atleast 25 years before theAustralian coastline will bewell charted.AUSTRALIA'S OCEANOGRAPHICAL SURVEYSBy G. F. HUMPHREY, M.Sc., Ph.D.,Chief, C.S.I.R.O. Division of Fisheries ami Oceanography,HK C.S.I.R.O. laboratory inT Cronnlla was founded in1938 to study the fisheries ofAustralia. It was thought thatpelagic fisheries for fish suchas tuiiii and pilchards might bestarted and that the productionof the existing fisheriesmight be stabilised if scientificinformation were available.Fluctuations in catch and inavailability of stocks are notconducive to a stable industry.It was realised from the startthat it was not enough simplyto examine the fish. It was alsonecessary to study the environmentin which the fish lived.Thus oceanographical investigationswere planned, but owingto the war. it was not possibleto carry them out untilthe early 1950s, and then onlyin a minor way. The limitingfactor was always availabilityof ships. It was not until 1959,when the R.A.N, refitted DIA-MANTINA and GASCOYNE asoceantigraphical vessels thatAustralia was able to carry outan extensive deep-sea series ofinvestigations.C.S.I.R.O.'s own vessels 185-ft. WARREEN and 72-ft. DER-WENT HUNTER) worked inthe Coral and Tasman Seas.Mass Strait, the Great AustralianBight, and the IndianOcean. Apart from one cruiseto Noumea ami one to NewZealand, the work was withina few miles of the coast. Withoutan occauographical laboratoryon board and with speedlimited to ti knots, the scientificwork done was very limited.Nevertheless, many valuableresults were obtained. For example.it was shown that barracoutacongregated at theedge of the water masses movingthrough Bass Strait ratherthan at the places where fishfood was found.The Naval frigates with theirwell-equipped laboratories amispeeds of 15 knots, have enabledC.S.I."R.O. to extend theareas of observation ami thetypes of work done. Thecruises so far carried out havebeen exploratory to define theinteresting areas and problemsso that intensive studies canbe planned for future cruises.H.M.A.S. DIAMANTINA hasalready made three cruises:Dm 1/59 was a run from Sydneyto Perth when oceanogriipliicgear was tested and modifiedfor use on the ship:Dm 2/59 was a long cruisefrom October 11 to November9 from Fremantle to Onslow toCronulla.Cocos Island to Onslow. Thenfollowed a series of east-westlines in the Indian Ocean.Dm 1/60 from February 2 to•March 23 continued the liliesof Dm 2/59 south of Fremantle.and did two lines south ofthe Great Australian Bight betweenFremantle and Adelaide.One interesting finding on thesecruises is that the euphoticzone (the area where bothplants and animals live andgrow) extends as far down as80 fathoms. This is much deeperthan in the Tasman Sea (50fathoms). Another finding isthat in about 500 fathoms andsouth-west from Perth, thereare internal waves with amplitudesup to 600 ft. There weresmaller waves (60-80 ft.) atabout 20°s.In the Pacific Ocean,H.M.A.S. GASCOYNE hasmade two cruises: G 1/60 leftSydney on February' 2, travelledto the north of New Zealand.thence to Fiji, north-westtowards the Solomons, south toNoumea, and returned to Sydneyon March 8. Cruise G 2/60left Sydney on March 17, travelledto Port Moresby, ManusIsland. Kavieng, Rabatil, andreturned to Sydney on April 21.On these cruises it was foundthat the deep water in theWE ARE SUPPLIERS OF SEA FRESH LOCAL FISHandDirect Importers of United Kingdom and ContinentalQUICK-FROZEN FISHWholesale Suppliers to Hotels and RestaurantsWE SPECIALISE IN SHIPS PR0VID0RINGBULK COLD STORE AND WHOLESALE DEPT.:Corner of Gibbons and Marian Streets, Redfern—MX 5688A. A. MURRELLS FISH SUPPLYHead Office.-195 George Street, Sydney-BU 5945. After Hours-FY 5470.53 THE NAVYJuno. I96021
Coral Sea basin is suppliedfrom the south, while that inthe Planet Trench and the SolomonSea basin comes from thecentral Pacific Ocean. It seemsalso that just near the thermocline(the depth at which aclear abrupt change in temperaturemay occur), there is aquantity of suspended matter,and this makes the water veryturbid.A new series of cruises is nowbeing planned. Dm 3/60 inJuly-September will work asfar as 95° W., and then returnto examine an area of upwellingoff the north-west Australiancoast. Dm 4/60 will worka line of stations to 85° \V..and Dm 1/61 will investigateupwelling in the Arafura-Timor area. The process of upwellingis a very interestingand important one, and is causedby wind action and the resultingmovement of waterfrom 200-300 m. to the surfacelayers. It usually brings nutrientsalts to the surface so thatphvtoplankton and zooplankton(the plants and animalsthat form fish food) grow ingood quantity. The Humboldtcurrent along the west coast ofSouth America, with its profusionof life, an area on thewest coast of California, withits enormous catches of sardines,and another on the westcoast of Africa, with its pilchardfishery, are well-knownareas of upwelling. It is notyet known whether the northwestAustralian area is as prolificas these, hut fish have beencaught there for some years.Until the population of Australiaincreases very greatly,the demand for fish will not beenough to stimulate the developmentof a fishery so farfrom markets. Other countriesare interested in the possibilityof securing fish supplies there,because they are short of protein.and fish is an excellentsource of this type of foodstuff.Ill order to assess the productivityof the area and to providefor the proper management ofany fisheries which might develop,it is important for Australiato commence work now.On these cruises there will bestudies made of the nutrientsalts in the water, the amountof fish food and the movementsof the water masses.On the east coast of Australia,Cruise (I 3/60 will be inNovember and December, andwill be specially designed todevelop methods for addingradioactive substances to watersamples collected at about 50fathoms, without bringing thesamples to the surface. It isalso planned to investigate tileorigin and nature of the particlescausing the turbiditynear the thermoeline. It ishoped that f! 1-2/61 (January-March) will be cruises in collaborationwith France andNew Zealand as part of a '' Tasmapac"investigation on theoceanography of the Coral andTasman Seas. In 1958, scientistsfrom the Institut Francaisd'Oceanic in Noumea and theNew Zealand OeeanographicInstitute met in Cronulla todiscuss with their AustralianGet your supplies ofVULCATEXRUBBATEXfromcolleagues how the three countriescould co-operate to maketheir work more valuable. InJune there will be anothermeeting in Wellington to decideif joint cruises by severalvessels can be arranged. Thesejoint cruises will be called"Tasmapac."THE FUTUREWhat of the future? Theoceanographer sees the possibilityof causing artificial upwellingby moving deeperwater to the surface with theheat generated by small atomicreactions submerged in theocean. The benefits we now getfrom natural upwelling wouldthen follow in areas that wechose. Klectrieity has alreadybeen used experimentally forsea fishing, ami the developmentof "fish farms," usingelectrical barriers, may becomecommonplace.All of these advances requiredetailed oceanographical informationif the most suitableareas are to be selected. Australianoceanographers are nowaccumulating this informationlargely through the co-operativeprogrammes of the RoyalAustralian Navy and C.S.I.R.O.HORNEXFORBES RANKEN & SONS PTY. LTD.24 Bond Street. Sydney'Phone:BU3I6154 THE NAVYNEW HYDROGRAPHERFOR ROYAL NAVYyi NEW hydrographer forthe Royal Navy has beenappointed. Captain EdmundIrving, O.B.E.. R.N., is to succeedRear Admiral KennethSt. liar be Collins. O.B.K.,D.S.C.. in July this year.Captain Irving, who wasborn in April. 1910. has spentthe greater part of his servicein the Royal Navy with theSurveying Branch. The longestperiod he has spent away fromhvdrographic duties is threemonths, the time spent on theSenior officers' TechnicalCourse.He has undertaken surveyingwork in all parts of theworld, including the Kast andWest Indies and the China Sea.After wartime duty off theN.W. coast of Scotland andIceland, lie went to the RedSea in 1942 in II.M.S. EN-DKAYOl'R, and afterwardsserved with the Mediterraneansurvey unit preparing for theinvasion of Sicily and Italy.His first command wasH.M.S. FRANKLIN in 1944.surveying captured ports fromCherbourg to Kiel, includingthe clearance of the Scheldt.He was awarded the O.B.E. forhis services in this ship, andremained in her until 1946.when he went to Admiralty forduty in the Hydrographic department.He was twice Mentionedin Despatches for hiswar services.From 1950 to November,1952. he commanded H.M.S.DAIjRYMPI.E on survey operationsin the Persian Gulf. Zanzibarand the Mediterranean.In 195.3 he became the firstCommanding Officer of thenew survey ship, VIDAL. andat the present is serving as AssistantHydrographer and Superintendentof Charts.During his time as Hydrographerof the Navy, AdmiralCollins has led the inceptionof electronic methods of surveying.including the use oftwo-range Decca and the tellurometer,and also the hydrodistwith the development ofwhieh he was particularly concerned.He has had greatinterest in the Falkland Islandssurvey and in the activities ofthe National Institute ofOceanography.Lieut. HURST (right). Leading Seaman REESON and Snb-Ueut. PULLAR recordingsoundings In the chart-room of H.M.A.S. WARREGO.—Photo courtesy "8. M. Herald"Juno. I960 21
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Coral Sea basin is suppliedfrom the south, while that inthe Planet Trench and the SolomonSea basin comes from thecentral Pacific Ocean. It seemsalso that just near the thermocline(the depth at which aclear abrupt change in temperaturemay occur), there is aquantity <strong>of</strong> suspended matter,and this makes the water veryturbid.A new series <strong>of</strong> cruises is nowbeing planned. Dm 3/60 inJuly-September will work asfar as 95° W., and then returnto examine an area <strong>of</strong> upwelling<strong>of</strong>f the north-west <strong>Australia</strong>ncoast. Dm 4/60 will worka line <strong>of</strong> stations to 85° \V..and Dm 1/61 will investigateupwelling in the Arafura-Timor area. <strong>The</strong> process <strong>of</strong> upwellingis a very interestingand important one, and is causedby wind action and the resultingmovement <strong>of</strong> waterfrom 200-300 m. to the surfacelayers. It usually brings nutrientsalts to the surface so thatphvtoplankton and zooplankton(the plants and animalsthat form fish food) grow ingood quantity. <strong>The</strong> Humboldtcurrent along the west coast <strong>of</strong>South America, with its pr<strong>of</strong>usion<strong>of</strong> life, an area on thewest coast <strong>of</strong> California, withits enormous catches <strong>of</strong> sardines,and another on the westcoast <strong>of</strong> Africa, with its pilchardfishery, are well-knownareas <strong>of</strong> upwelling. It is notyet known whether the northwest<strong>Australia</strong>n area is as prolificas these, hut fish have beencaught there for some years.Until the population <strong>of</strong> <strong>Australia</strong>increases very greatly,the demand for fish will not beenough to stimulate the development<strong>of</strong> a fishery so farfrom markets. Other countriesare interested in the possibility<strong>of</strong> securing fish supplies there,because they are short <strong>of</strong> protein.and fish is an excellentsource <strong>of</strong> this type <strong>of</strong> foodstuff.Ill order to assess the productivity<strong>of</strong> the area and to providefor the proper management <strong>of</strong>any fisheries which might develop,it is important for <strong>Australia</strong>to commence work now.On these cruises there will bestudies made <strong>of</strong> the nutrientsalts in the water, the amount<strong>of</strong> fish food and the movements<strong>of</strong> the water masses.On the east coast <strong>of</strong> <strong>Australia</strong>,Cruise (I 3/60 will be inNovember and December, andwill be specially designed todevelop methods for addingradioactive substances to watersamples collected at about 50fathoms, without bringing thesamples to the surface. It isalso planned to investigate tileorigin and nature <strong>of</strong> the particlescausing the turbiditynear the thermoeline. It ishoped that f! 1-2/61 (January-March) will be cruises in collaborationwith France andNew Zealand as part <strong>of</strong> a '' Tasmapac"investigation on theoceanography <strong>of</strong> the Coral andTasman Seas. In 1958, scientistsfrom the Institut Francaisd'Oceanic in Noumea and theNew Zealand OeeanographicInstitute met in Cronulla todiscuss with their <strong>Australia</strong>nGet your supplies <strong>of</strong>VULCATEXRUBBATEXfromcolleagues how the three countriescould co-operate to maketheir work more valuable. InJune there will be anothermeeting in Wellington to decideif joint cruises by severalvessels can be arranged. <strong>The</strong>sejoint cruises will be called"Tasmapac."THE FUTUREWhat <strong>of</strong> the future? <strong>The</strong>oceanographer sees the possibility<strong>of</strong> causing artificial upwellingby moving deeperwater to the surface with theheat generated by small atomicreactions submerged in theocean. <strong>The</strong> benefits we now getfrom natural upwelling wouldthen follow in areas that wechose. Klectrieity has alreadybeen used experimentally forsea fishing, ami the development<strong>of</strong> "fish farms," usingelectrical barriers, may becomecommonplace.All <strong>of</strong> these advances requiredetailed oceanographical informationif the most suitableareas are to be selected. <strong>Australia</strong>noceanographers are nowaccumulating this informationlargely through the co-operativeprogrammes <strong>of</strong> the Royal<strong>Australia</strong>n <strong>Navy</strong> and C.S.I.R.O.HORNEXFORBES RANKEN & SONS PTY. LTD.24 Bond Street. Sydney'Phone:BU3I6154 THE NAVYNEW HYDROGRAPHERFOR ROYAL NAVYyi NEW hydrographer forthe Royal <strong>Navy</strong> has beenappointed. Captain EdmundIrving, O.B.E.. R.N., is to succeedRear Admiral KennethSt. liar be Collins. O.B.K.,D.S.C.. in July this year.Captain Irving, who wasborn in April. 1910. has spentthe greater part <strong>of</strong> his servicein the Royal <strong>Navy</strong> with theSurveying Branch. <strong>The</strong> longestperiod he has spent away fromhvdrographic duties is threemonths, the time spent on theSenior <strong>of</strong>ficers' TechnicalCourse.He has undertaken surveyingwork in all parts <strong>of</strong> theworld, including the Kast andWest Indies and the China Sea.After wartime duty <strong>of</strong>f theN.W. coast <strong>of</strong> Scotland andIceland, lie went to the RedSea in 1942 in II.M.S. EN-DKAYOl'R, and afterwardsserved with the Mediterraneansurvey unit preparing for theinvasion <strong>of</strong> Sicily and Italy.His first command wasH.M.S. FRANKLIN in 1944.surveying captured ports fromCherbourg to Kiel, includingthe clearance <strong>of</strong> the Scheldt.He was awarded the O.B.E. forhis services in this ship, andremained in her until 1946.when he went to Admiralty forduty in the Hydrographic department.He was twice Mentionedin Despatches for hiswar services.From 1950 to November,1952. he commanded H.M.S.DAIjRYMPI.E on survey operationsin the Persian Gulf. Zanzibarand the Mediterranean.In 195.3 he became the firstCommanding Officer <strong>of</strong> thenew survey ship, VIDAL. andat the present is serving as AssistantHydrographer and Superintendent<strong>of</strong> Charts.During his time as Hydrographer<strong>of</strong> the <strong>Navy</strong>, AdmiralCollins has led the inception<strong>of</strong> electronic methods <strong>of</strong> surveying.including the use <strong>of</strong>two-range Decca and the tellurometer,and also the hydrodistwith the development <strong>of</strong>whieh he was particularly concerned.He has had greatinterest in the Falkland Islandssurvey and in the activities <strong>of</strong>the National Institute <strong>of</strong>Oceanography.Lieut. HURST (right). Leading Seaman REESON and Snb-Ueut. PULLAR recordingsoundings In the chart-room <strong>of</strong> H.M.A.S. WARREGO.—Photo courtesy "8. M. Herald"Juno. I960 21
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