ROYAL CANADIAN<strong>The</strong> Royal Canadian <strong>Navy</strong> iscelebrating its 50th anniversary.Canada's <strong>Navy</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficiallycame into being when, on 4thMay, 1910. Royal assent wasgranted to the Naval ServiceAct. That same year two protectedcruisers, the NIOBEandRAINBOW, were acquiredfrom the Royal <strong>Navy</strong>.Ships <strong>of</strong> the Royal Canadian<strong>Navy</strong> have served in threewars. During the First WorldWar the Canadian naval contributionwas about 9.600 <strong>of</strong>ficersand men and 100 ships.During the Second WorldWar the Royal Canadian <strong>Navy</strong>expanded to 392 armed shipsand 95,000 <strong>of</strong>ficers, men andNAVYWrens. Canada's major navaleffort being devoted to theBattle <strong>of</strong> the Atlantic.Canadian destroyers servedin the Far East throughout theKorean War.This 50th anniversary yearI960, finds the Royal Canadian<strong>Navy</strong> at its greatest peacetimestrength, with Ii2 warships incommission and with 20.604<strong>of</strong>ficers, men and Wrens onfull-time duty, and 3.550 in theactive Royal Canadian NavalReserve. Some 49 per cent, <strong>of</strong>the Royal Canadian <strong>Navy</strong> personnelare at present servingon board ship.R.C.N. JETS TESTED.Six Banshee jet-fighters <strong>of</strong>the Royal Canadian <strong>Navy</strong>,armed with Sidewinder missiles.convincingly demonstratedtheir destructive power byshooting down five target-aircraftin an exercise designedto test the effectiveness <strong>of</strong> theBanshee-Sidewinder combination.<strong>The</strong> firings took place overthe sea on the missile range <strong>of</strong>the Royal Aircraft Establishmentat Aberporth, Wales. <strong>The</strong>targets were Firefly VIM aircraft.flown by remote control.Six missiles were fired at asmany targets and five <strong>of</strong> thedrone aircraft were splashed.<strong>The</strong> operation was carriedout by aircraft <strong>of</strong> FighterSquadron K70.<strong>The</strong> Governor-General, Lord Donroaall. and Lady Dunronall, with Aetinf/Leadlni Seaman Brian Boad <strong>of</strong>H.M.A.8 VAMPIRF. liid Chief F..R.A Chartea Cunningham <strong>of</strong> HM.AS MELBOURNE and Mm. Cunninghamat an Investiture for R.A.N, men at Government House, Canberra.<strong>22</strong>THE NAVYQUEEN'S BIRTHDAY HONOURSHer Majesty the Queen ha* beenfollowing awards:—Knight Commander <strong>of</strong><strong>The</strong> Order <strong>of</strong> the British EmpireVice-Admiral HenryC.B.E.Commander <strong>of</strong>Mackay Burrell, C.B.,<strong>The</strong> Order <strong>of</strong> the BritishEmpireRear-Admiral Kenneth McKenzie Urquhart.Officer <strong>of</strong><strong>The</strong> Order <strong>of</strong> the British EmpireCaptain Stanley Darling, D.S.C. and two bars,V.R.D., R.A.N.R.Member <strong>of</strong><strong>The</strong> Order <strong>of</strong> the British EmpireLieut. Ronald Mervyn Titcombe, R.A.N.BritishVice-Admiral Sir Henry Bvrreil, K.B.E., C.B. Chief E.R.A. Thomas William James Cunningham.<strong>The</strong> circumstances surroundingthe award to Lieut. Titcombewere:On April 21, 1959, a chopperoperating from Portland (England)ditched about 9 milessouth-east <strong>of</strong> the ShamblesLight Vessel, in a depth <strong>of</strong> 170feet.To determine the cause <strong>of</strong>the crash it was essential torecover the helicopter, but thestrong tides prevented the recoveryby wire sweeps andstandard divers.Lieutenant Titcombe, then incharge <strong>of</strong> the Clearance Divingteam at H.M. Underwater DetectionEstablishment, was consultedoil the use <strong>of</strong> clearancedivers. In such depths, withfurther complications causedby the swift tides, operatingtime for the divers belowwould be very short.Still further, the ascent mustbe a matter <strong>of</strong> no more than5 minutes, making decompressionin a special chamber amatter <strong>of</strong> urgent necessity.<strong>The</strong> necessary equipment includingspecial inflatable dinghiescapable <strong>of</strong> operating inrough weather were available,and so Clearance Diving historywas made.It was tin 1 first operationaloccasion that Clearance Divershad performed at such greatdepths and that surface decompressionhad been used, andthe team effort was the mainfactor in the successful recovery<strong>of</strong> the chopper.<strong>The</strong> success <strong>of</strong> the operationwas largely due to the intelligentappreciation <strong>of</strong> thesituation, the leadership andthe fine personal efforts <strong>of</strong>Lieutenant Titcombe.NEW RATE FOR R.N.Among the points that Mr.Orr-Ewing, Civil Lord <strong>of</strong> theAdmiralty, recently discussedill tile House <strong>of</strong> Commons wasthe suggestion that a Masterrate, above that <strong>of</strong> Chief PettyOfficer, be introduced in theRoyal <strong>Navy</strong>.This rate would bring the<strong>Navy</strong> in line with the statusand pay <strong>of</strong> Warrant Officers inthe other services.Mr. Orr-Ewing said that theproblem is now under consideration.July, I960 23
NEW TYPE SONARSignificant Advance in Submarine DetectionA new type <strong>of</strong> Sonar, known asis being manufactured in CanadaHE new system will enableT warships to lower sonargear through the ocean's thermallayers, thereby overcomingthe ability <strong>of</strong> submarinesto escape detection in or belowthese temperature strata.Variable depth sonar is theresult <strong>of</strong> more than 1(1 years'research anil development byDefence Research Hoard scientists<strong>of</strong> the Naval ResearchEstablishment at Halifax. NovaScotia.<strong>The</strong> need for a layer-probingsonar first became apparentwhen German submarines, bothby accident and design, madetactical use <strong>of</strong> thermal layersduring the Second World War.<strong>The</strong> upper levels <strong>of</strong> oceansusually contain layers <strong>of</strong>. varyingtemperature which form ahorizontally uniform patternmany miles in extent. <strong>The</strong>selayers may refract or completelyresist penetration bvsonar transmissions from hullmountedsets.<strong>The</strong> problem was <strong>of</strong> particularconcern to the RoyalCanadian Navv because <strong>of</strong> thepresence <strong>of</strong> such layers <strong>of</strong>f thecoasts <strong>of</strong> Canada.Defence Research Hoardscientists and anti-submarinespecialists <strong>of</strong> the Royal Canadian<strong>Navy</strong>, Working on theproject together, discoveredthat the problem could be substantiallyovercome by placingtransducers in or below thelayers <strong>of</strong> varying temperatures.Applied research and developmentfollowed, and theresult was an equipment consistingessentially <strong>of</strong> a trans-V.D.S. (variable depth sonar)for the Royal Canadian <strong>Navy</strong>.ducer enclosed in a streamlinedbody which can be towed atvarying depths. <strong>The</strong> towingcable houses a core <strong>of</strong> electricalconductors. <strong>The</strong>se transmitsignals to tin* towing ship'ssonar displays and alsn earnelectrical power from the shipto tin- transducer.<strong>The</strong> concept which led to thedevelopment <strong>of</strong> variable depthsonar was initiated almostsimultaneously in Canada andthe United States. Close liaisonwas maintained with theRoyal <strong>Navy</strong> and the I'nitedStates <strong>Navy</strong>, who also soughtimproved detection methodsalong similar lines. Informationwas shared throughout bythe associated countries, withCanada concentrating 011 specifiedpossible methods as theother countries explored differentbut allied techniques.II. M.C.S. "NEW LIS-K E A R D ". originally an"Algerine" class ocean minesweepersubsequently reclassifiedas a coastal escort,and now again re-rated asa survey ship for bathythermeographicduties, was thefirst ship to be used for experimentaltrials. Repeated testingand modification resulted inimprovement in the performance<strong>of</strong> the equipment, and amore sophisticated version <strong>of</strong>variable depth sonar, built byCanadian firms, was installedin II.M.C.S. "CRUSADER," aformer British destroyer nowrated as a destroyer escort.Intensive evaluation producedeffective results and the equipmentwas accepted for servicein the Royal Canadian <strong>Navy</strong>.MELBOURNESTEAMSHIPCO. LTD.Head Office.It KING ST., MELBOURNEBrana.es or Agenciesat all portsManaging A,genu forHOBSONS BAY DOCK ANDENGINEERING CO. PTY.LTD.Wort* Williamstown, VictoriaHODGE ENGINEERING CO.PTY. LTD.Works: Susses St., SydneyandCOCKBURN ENGINEERINGPTY. LTD.Works: Hincs Rd., FremantleShip Repairers, etc.PORT LINELIMITEDRegular sailings for:UNITED KINGDOMand CONTINENTTAKING WOOL,REFRIGERATEDandGENERAL CARGOALSO LIMITEDNUMBER SALOONPASSENGERS.For further particulars, apply:PORT LINE LTD.50 Young Street, Sydney(Inc. in England)OrAgents:GIBBS BRIGHT & CO.37 Pitt Street, SydneyAlio atBRISBANE, MELBOURNE,ADELAIDE, PERTH,FREMANTLE, NEWCASTLEand HOBARTTHE NAVSUB. VERSUS SUB.(Continued from page 15)form <strong>of</strong> warfare, has been asuccession <strong>of</strong> temporary advanceson each side <strong>of</strong> thebattle. Now. however, thenuclear submarine has temporarilyoutstripped all conventionalforms <strong>of</strong> surface and airA/S methods, leaving only allothersubmarine (preferablynuclear) as its logical opponent.What advantages does asubmarine hold over its surfaceand air colleagues? By itschoice <strong>of</strong> depth it can penetratethe density layers whichare the under-water equivalent<strong>of</strong> the smoke screen or rainstorm to shelter a hunted submarine.It can chase its quarryunder the polar icefloes. Itsinvisibility, even in these days,gives it a good chance <strong>of</strong> operatingin enemy held waters,and particularly in the approachesto submarine bases—the most fruitful huntingground <strong>of</strong> all. Such areas, withtheir inevitable enemy air sujieriority,are unsuitable, to saythe least, for patrol by frigategroups or slow A/S aircraft.As well as having the abilityto remain unseen, the submarinecan stay 011 patrol forweeks or even mouths, maintainingcomplete silence, andmaking the best use <strong>of</strong> intelligencereports covering a largearea. Finally, rough weathereffectively "quenches" theasdics <strong>of</strong> surface ships and reducestheir speed superiorityover a conventional submarine.<strong>The</strong> chances <strong>of</strong> detection andchase against a '20-knot nuclearvessel are still decidedly slender,even using a combination<strong>of</strong> air and surface forces. Anothernuclear submarine, equippedwith homing torpedoes andmodern asdics, has both thespeed and the detection equipmentto deal with its transittingopponent.July. I960Russian<strong>The</strong> l.S.S.R. is quietly butsurely distributing her newmedium-sized seagoing patrolsubmarines <strong>of</strong> the "W" classall over the world, either basedin fellow travellers' countriesor actually incorporated in.leased or loaned to foreignnavies with communist sympathies.No fewer than HO "W" classsubmarines <strong>of</strong> the Soviet <strong>Navy</strong>have been deployed ill this way.A whole squadron <strong>of</strong> eightunits are now based in Albania.Eight <strong>of</strong> the nine fonnerRussian seagoing types <strong>of</strong> submarinesnow incorporated intothe Egyptian <strong>Navy</strong> are reportedto be <strong>of</strong> the "W" class.It is not generally knownthat two Russian submarines <strong>of</strong>the "W" class have been allocatedto the new Indonesian<strong>Navy</strong>.Of the 24 ex-Russian submarinesnow incorporated intothe Chinese Communist <strong>Navy</strong>Submarinestwelve are new vessels <strong>of</strong> the"W" class. <strong>The</strong>se are alloperational, and another nineare under construction. Also."W" type submarines are beingor are schedulued to bebuilt at Shanghai and Wuchangdockyards at the rate <strong>of</strong>about six to eight each year.<strong>The</strong> modern Russian "W"class submarines in Indonesiaand China alone more than <strong>of</strong>fsetthe two meagre British submarinesquadrons based 011Singapore and Sydney, andrival the number <strong>of</strong> Americansubmarines based on Pearl Harbour,and in emergency or allout war would require hundreds<strong>of</strong> anti - submarinefrigates in the China and JavaSeas to counter them.<strong>The</strong>re are also 35 ex-Russiansubmarines <strong>of</strong> other classes nowin the navies <strong>of</strong> Bulgaria.China, East Germany. NorthKorea, Poland. RoumaniaSyria.WE ARE SUPPLIERS OF SEA FRESH LOCAL FISHandDirect Importers <strong>of</strong> United Kingdom and ContinentalQUICK-FROZEN FISHWholesale Suppliers to Hotels and RestaurantsWE SPECIALISE IN SHIPS PROVIDORINGBULK COLD STORE AND WHOLESALE DEPT.:Corner <strong>of</strong> Gibbons ond Marian Streets, Redfern—MX 5688A. A. MURRELLS FISH SUPPLYHead Office:195 George Street, Sydney-*U 5945. After Hours-TV 5470.and