The Nation. - Department of Government at Cornell University

The Nation. - Department of Government at Cornell University The Nation. - Department of Government at Cornell University

government.arts.cornell.edu
from government.arts.cornell.edu More from this publisher
12.07.2015 Views

784 The Nation. June 5, 1995SUBJECT TO DEBATE.Iwas feeling pretty burned up at the government theother day, so I loaded a truck full of marijuana andparked it in front of my local federal office building,waited for the parents to drop off their toddlers at thedaycare center and got the heck out of there as fast as I could.Do you know what happened? Nothing! Once again, it appearsthat I had been misled by media pundits, who in thewake of the Oklahoma City bombing have rushed to blamethe nineties right on the sixties left. “An Unlikely Legacy ofthe 60s: The Violent Right,” a New York Times front-pagerumination by Peter Applebome, quoted assorted academicson the “libertarian strain” connecting Vietnam-era hippiesand peaceniks with today’s bandoliered milltiamen. “To the60s left it might have meant the right to smoke pot, while tothe 90s right it might mean the right to own guns, but the instinctis similar.”Oh, really? My own pot-smoking Instinct, albeit not a drivingpasslon, has never raised in me the slightest urge to owna gun. This equation of left and right is political science atthe high school honor-code level, in whlch all infractionsare treated as more or less equallygrave, regardless of intent orconsequence or scale, because thereal Infraction is rule-breakingitself. “What happened in the1960s was that the governmentwas successfully ‘delegitimated,’” the sociologist Gerald Marwellsaid to the Times. “We weretold in the 1960s that the emper-or has no clothes and peopleshouldn’t accept what they’retold.” I like that “we were told,”as tf nothing actually happened in the stxties except massbramwashing from some unspecified source-Country Joeand the Fish? The way I remember it, the government delegitimateditself, with phony body counts, lights at the end ofever-lengthening tunnels, destroying villages in order tosave them, children in flames on the evening news and soon-not to speak of the F.B.I. harassment of Martin LutherKing Jr. and sundry other semi-cnmlnal domestic activltles.Doesn’t the question of whether people should “accept whatthey’re told” depend on what’s being said? Resistlng an unjustwar that even Robert McNamara has finally publlcly admittedwas misconceived and deceptively presented doesn’t strike meas bearing a close resemblance to organizmg a private armyof fellow gun nuts to fight the Anttchrist and Its earthly rep-resentatives in the Clinton Administratlon and the Britishroyal family.Timothy McVeigh is not some libertarian free splrit goneastray. He felt at home in the Army, hardly a counterculturaloutpost, and wanted to be a career soldier; he won medals forhis Gulf War service, In whlch his main task was to bury Iraqisoldiers alive. If we’re serlously interested In understandinghow a young man could blow up a building full of hundredsKATHA POLLITTof people, why not start by acknowledging that the state henow claims to oppose gave him his first lessons in killing?When it comes to understanding American history, thosein charge of Its official version are like Hera, who renewedher virgmity each year by bathing in a magic spring. Becausethey are committed to a vision of America as forever young,Innocent, fresh off the farm in what politicians and editorialwriters love, repellently, to call the “heartland,” the existenceIn our economic and cultural structures of conflict, alienationand violence-both freelance and organized-comes as a perpetualsurprise. But why reach for the left to explain the farright? The far rtght’s been around forever. It has quite a historyof its own. Why not talk, for example, about the Ku KluxKlan-a violent, white supremacist, paramilitary anti-federalgovernmentorganlzation that’s been murdering innocentpeople for more than a hundred years? As for the personalantiauthoritarianism exemplified by the sixties pot-smokers,the obvlous historical analogy is Prohibition, another unrealisticlegal interference with private pleasure that was openlymocked and flouted by millions of otherwise solid citizens.Indeed, one could argue that the “libertarian strain” ofAmerican culture would not exist without the Puritan strain,for which we are equally famous.I’m still waiting for someone besides Frank Rich and thismagazine to point out that the Oklahoma City bombing,which seemed so out of key with American values that Islamicterrorists were immediately blamed for it, in actual fact colncideswith an ongoing wave of home-grown violence againstabortion clinlcs: bombings, arson, death threats, murders. Noreal political will has been applied to combating thisoutrage-“Christian terrorism”?-or to probing its possibleconnectlon with the far-right milittas. Curiously, the F.B.I.,which has dragged its feet on clinic violence, nonetheless,according to documents released May 15 by the Center forConstitutional Rights, has been closely following the doingsof ACT UP and other AIDS and gay groups. The bureauclaims It was worried that activists would throw AIDS-infectedblood at people.Now that’s paranoid!***Family Values Watch. “But [Pete] Wilson does have ‘corevalues,’ and they can be summarized in one word: fatherhood.Only fathers, he says, can fully teach old veritiesorder,hard work, self-dlscipllne-that wlll save America. Hehas convened a ‘Fathers Summit’ to ‘address the crisis of absentfathers that is unraveling the very fabric of our society.’Ironically, Wilson’s own experience at fatherhood is limited.He has been married twlce, to women with teenage childrenfrom first marriages.”-Newsweek, May 22.How come those whose abandonment of chlldren is supposedlyunravelmg soctety are the ones held to be solely quallfiedto teach traditional morality? If you’re looking for instructlonin self-sacrifice, hard work, deferred gratification,why not go to the people who actually practice them-singlemothers?

June 5, 1995 The Nation. 785ARTICLES.LESSONS FROM THE LUDDITESSetting LimitsOn TechnologyKIRKPATRICK SALEAs Newt Gingrich has assured us, and as our owndaily experience has convinced us, we in the industrialworld are In the middle of a social and politicalrevolutlon that 1s almost wlthout parallel.Call it “third wave” capltalism, or “postmodern,” or “multi-national,” or whatever; this transformat~on is, without anyonebeing prepared for it, overwhelmlng the communities andinstitutions and customs that once were the familiar stanchionsof our lives. As Newsweek recently said, in a special issue thatactually seemed to be celebrating it, this revolution 1s “outstrippingour capacity to cope, antiquating our laws, transformingour mores, reshuffling our economy, reordering our priorities,redeflning our workplaces, putting our Constitution to thefire, shifting our concept of reality.’’No wonder there are some people who are Just Saying No.They have a great variety of stances and tactics, but thetechnophobes and techno-resisters out there are increasinglycoming together under the banner that dates to those attackersof technology of two centuries ago, the Luddites. In thepast decade or so they have dared to speak up, to criticize thisface of high technology or that, to organize and march andsue and write and propound, and to challenge the consequencesas well as the assumptions of thls second IndustrialRevolution, just as the Luddites challenged the fmt. Someare even using similar strategies of sabotage and violence tomake their pomt.These neo-Luddltes are more numerous today than onemight assume, techno-pessimists without the power and accessof the techno-optimists but still with a not-lnslgnificant voice,shelves of books and documents and reports, and increasingnumbers of followers-maybe a quarter of the adult population,according to a Newsweek survey. They are to be foundon the radical and dlrect-action side of envlronmentalism,particularly in the American West; they are on the dlssentingedges of academlc economics and ecology departments, generallyof the no-growth school; they are everywhere In IndianCountry throughout the Americas, representlng a traditionalbiocentrlsm against the anthropocentric norm; they are activistsfightmg against nuclear power, lrradlated food, clearcutting,animal expenrnents, toxic waste and the killing ofwhales, among the many aspects of the high-tech onslaught.They may also number-certainly they speak for-some ofKrrkpatrrck Sale, a Natlon contrrbutrng edrtor, is the authormost recentIy ofRebels Against the Future: The Luddites and’ Their War on the Industrlal Revolution: Lessons for the MachineAge (Addkon- Waley), from whlch thls arttcle IS udapted.those whose experience with modern technology has in oneway or another awakened them from what Lewis Mumfordcalled “the myth of the machine.” These would include thoseseveral million people in all the industrial nations whose jobshave simply been automated out from under them or havebeen sent overseas as part of the multinationals’ global network,itself built on high-tech communications. They wouldinclude the many millions who have suffered from some exposure,officially sanctioned, to pollutants and poisons, medlcinesand chemicals, and live with the terrible results. Theyinclude some whose faith in the technological dream has beenshattered by the recent evidence of industrial fragility anderror-Bhopal, Chernobyl, Love Canal, PCBs, Exxon Valdez,ozone holes-that is the stuff of daily headlines. Andthey may include, too, quite a number of those whose experiencewith high technology in the home or office has leftthem confused or demeaned, or frustrated by machines toocomplex to understand, much less to repair, or assaulted andangered by systems that deftly invade their privacy or denythem credit or turn them into ciphers.Techno-resisters couldfind theirmost useful analogues, if not theirmodels, in the Luddites.Wherever the neo-Luddites may be found, they are attemptingto bear witness to the secret little truth that lies at the heartof the modern experience: Whatever its presumed benefits,of speed or ease or power or wealth, industrial technologycomes at a price, and in the contemporary world that priceis ever rising and ever threatening. Indeed, inasmuch as industrialismis inevitably and inherently disregardful of the collectivehuman fate and of the earth from which it extracts allits wealth-these are, after all, in capltalist theory “externalities”-itseems ever more certain to end in paroxysms of economicinequity and social upheaval, if not in the degradationand exhaustion of the biosphere itself.From a long study of the original Luddites, I have concludedthat there is much in their experience that can be importantfor the neo-Luddites today to understand, as distant andas different as their times were from ours. Because just as thesecond Industrial Revolution has its roots quite specificallyin the first-the machines may change, but their rnachinenessdoes not-so those today who are moved in some measure toreslst {or who even hope to reverse) the tide of industrialismmight find their most useful analogues, if not their modelsexactly, in those Luddites of the nineteenth century.And as I see it, there are seven lessons that one might, withthe focused lens of hutory, take from the Luddite past.1. Technologies are never neutral, and some are hurtful. Itwas not all machmery that the Luddites opposed, but “all Machineryhurtful to Commonality,” as a March 1812 letter to

784 <strong>The</strong> <strong>N<strong>at</strong>ion</strong>. June 5, 1995SUBJECT TO DEBATE.Iwas feeling pretty burned up <strong>at</strong> the government theother day, so I loaded a truck full <strong>of</strong> marijuana andparked it in front <strong>of</strong> my local federal <strong>of</strong>fice building,waited for the parents to drop <strong>of</strong>f their toddlers <strong>at</strong> thedaycare center and got the heck out <strong>of</strong> there as fast as I could.Do you know wh<strong>at</strong> happened? Nothing! Once again, it appearsth<strong>at</strong> I had been misled by media pundits, who in thewake <strong>of</strong> the Oklahoma City bombing have rushed to blamethe nineties right on the sixties left. “An Unlikely Legacy <strong>of</strong>the 60s: <strong>The</strong> Violent Right,” a New York Times front-pagerumin<strong>at</strong>ion by Peter Applebome, quoted assorted academicson the “libertarian strain” connecting Vietnam-era hippiesand peaceniks with today’s bandoliered milltiamen. “To the60s left it might have meant the right to smoke pot, while tothe 90s right it might mean the right to own guns, but the instinctis similar.”Oh, really? My own pot-smoking Instinct, albeit not a drivingpasslon, has never raised in me the slightest urge to owna gun. This equ<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>of</strong> left and right is political science <strong>at</strong>the high school honor-code level, in whlch all infractionsare tre<strong>at</strong>ed as more or less equallygrave, regardless <strong>of</strong> intent orconsequence or scale, because thereal Infraction is rule-breakingitself. “Wh<strong>at</strong> happened in the1960s was th<strong>at</strong> the governmentwas successfully ‘delegitim<strong>at</strong>ed,’” the sociologist Gerald Marwellsaid to the Times. “We weretold in the 1960s th<strong>at</strong> the emper-or has no clothes and peopleshouldn’t accept wh<strong>at</strong> they’retold.” I like th<strong>at</strong> “we were told,”as tf nothing actually happened in the stxties except massbramwashing from some unspecified source-Country Joeand the Fish? <strong>The</strong> way I remember it, the government delegitim<strong>at</strong>editself, with phony body counts, lights <strong>at</strong> the end <strong>of</strong>ever-lengthening tunnels, destroying villages in order tosave them, children in flames on the evening news and soon-not to speak <strong>of</strong> the F.B.I. harassment <strong>of</strong> Martin LutherKing Jr. and sundry other semi-cnmlnal domestic activltles.Doesn’t the question <strong>of</strong> whether people should “accept wh<strong>at</strong>they’re told” depend on wh<strong>at</strong>’s being said? Resistlng an unjustwar th<strong>at</strong> even Robert McNamara has finally publlcly admittedwas misconceived and deceptively presented doesn’t strike meas bearing a close resemblance to organizmg a priv<strong>at</strong>e army<strong>of</strong> fellow gun nuts to fight the Anttchrist and Its earthly rep-resent<strong>at</strong>ives in the Clinton Administr<strong>at</strong>lon and the Britishroyal family.Timothy McVeigh is not some libertarian free splrit goneastray. He felt <strong>at</strong> home in the Army, hardly a counterculturaloutpost, and wanted to be a career soldier; he won medals forhis Gulf War service, In whlch his main task was to bury Iraqisoldiers alive. If we’re serlously interested In understandinghow a young man could blow up a building full <strong>of</strong> hundredsKATHA POLLITT<strong>of</strong> people, why not start by acknowledging th<strong>at</strong> the st<strong>at</strong>e henow claims to oppose gave him his first lessons in killing?When it comes to understanding American history, thosein charge <strong>of</strong> Its <strong>of</strong>ficial version are like Hera, who renewedher virgmity each year by b<strong>at</strong>hing in a magic spring. Becausethey are committed to a vision <strong>of</strong> America as forever young,Innocent, fresh <strong>of</strong>f the farm in wh<strong>at</strong> politicians and editorialwriters love, repellently, to call the “heartland,” the existenceIn our economic and cultural structures <strong>of</strong> conflict, alien<strong>at</strong>ionand violence-both freelance and organized-comes as a perpetualsurprise. But why reach for the left to explain the farright? <strong>The</strong> far rtght’s been around forever. It has quite a history<strong>of</strong> its own. Why not talk, for example, about the Ku KluxKlan-a violent, white supremacist, paramilitary anti-federalgovernmentorganlz<strong>at</strong>ion th<strong>at</strong>’s been murdering innocentpeople for more than a hundred years? As for the personalantiauthoritarianism exemplified by the sixties pot-smokers,the obvlous historical analogy is Prohibition, another unrealisticlegal interference with priv<strong>at</strong>e pleasure th<strong>at</strong> was openlymocked and flouted by millions <strong>of</strong> otherwise solid citizens.Indeed, one could argue th<strong>at</strong> the “libertarian strain” <strong>of</strong>American culture would not exist without the Puritan strain,for which we are equally famous.I’m still waiting for someone besides Frank Rich and thismagazine to point out th<strong>at</strong> the Oklahoma City bombing,which seemed so out <strong>of</strong> key with American values th<strong>at</strong> Islamicterrorists were immedi<strong>at</strong>ely blamed for it, in actual fact colncideswith an ongoing wave <strong>of</strong> home-grown violence againstabortion clinlcs: bombings, arson, de<strong>at</strong>h thre<strong>at</strong>s, murders. Noreal political will has been applied to comb<strong>at</strong>ing thisoutrage-“Christian terrorism”?-or to probing its possibleconnectlon with the far-right milittas. Curiously, the F.B.I.,which has dragged its feet on clinic violence, nonetheless,according to documents released May 15 by the Center forConstitutional Rights, has been closely following the doings<strong>of</strong> ACT UP and other AIDS and gay groups. <strong>The</strong> bureauclaims It was worried th<strong>at</strong> activists would throw AIDS-infectedblood <strong>at</strong> people.Now th<strong>at</strong>’s paranoid!***Family Values W<strong>at</strong>ch. “But [Pete] Wilson does have ‘corevalues,’ and they can be summarized in one word: f<strong>at</strong>herhood.Only f<strong>at</strong>hers, he says, can fully teach old veritiesorder,hard work, self-dlscipllne-th<strong>at</strong> wlll save America. Hehas convened a ‘F<strong>at</strong>hers Summit’ to ‘address the crisis <strong>of</strong> absentf<strong>at</strong>hers th<strong>at</strong> is unraveling the very fabric <strong>of</strong> our society.’Ironically, Wilson’s own experience <strong>at</strong> f<strong>at</strong>herhood is limited.He has been married twlce, to women with teenage childrenfrom first marriages.”-Newsweek, May 22.How come those whose abandonment <strong>of</strong> chlldren is supposedlyunravelmg soctety are the ones held to be solely quallfiedto teach traditional morality? If you’re looking for instructlonin self-sacrifice, hard work, deferred gr<strong>at</strong>ific<strong>at</strong>ion,why not go to the people who actually practice them-singlemothers?

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!