The water footprint and virtual water exports of Spanish tomatoes
The water footprint and virtual water exports of Spanish tomatoes
The water footprint and virtual water exports of Spanish tomatoes
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D. CHICO et al. 334.3. Virtual <strong>water</strong> <strong>exports</strong>As explained above, the production <strong>of</strong> <strong>tomatoes</strong> in Spainis to a high degree intended for export, especially in thesoutheastern Mediterranean provinces. In this case, theproduction is highly dependent on international markets<strong>and</strong> competition from other areas (García Martínez, 2009;Colino, 2002).As an average <strong>of</strong> the study period, the yearly amount <strong>of</strong><strong>virtual</strong> <strong>water</strong> exported through the tomato <strong>exports</strong> is 4, 88<strong>and</strong> 134 hm 3 <strong>of</strong> green, blue <strong>and</strong> grey <strong>water</strong> respectively. <strong>Spanish</strong>tomato <strong>exports</strong> are to a very high degree directed towardsFIGURE 9. Virtual <strong>water</strong> <strong>exports</strong> (hm 3 , left axis), exported tonnes <strong>of</strong> fresh<strong>tomatoes</strong> to the world <strong>and</strong> to the EU, apparent <strong>water</strong> productivity <strong>of</strong> theexported production (€/m 3 , right axis) <strong>and</strong> revenues <strong>of</strong> the tomato<strong>exports</strong> (1,000 €, right axis)Source: Own elaboration.