The water footprint and virtual water exports of Spanish tomatoes

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D. CHICO et al. 21FIGURE 3. Average green, blue and grey water footprint of Spanishtomato (l/kg)Source: Own elaboration.There are important differences in the volume, type, andpurpose of the production between the different productionprovinces which derive in different water footprint of tomato.Figure 5 summarizes the average green, blue and greywater footprint (l/kg) in all the Spanish provinces in decreasingorder.As shown, the water footprint varies significantly betweenthe different provinces, and so does the proportion ofthe green, blue and grey components. These differences maybe due to the predominant production system (open-airrainfed or irrigated vs. covered) in the province, yields obtainedand climate parameters (precipitation and atmosphericevapotraspiration demand). In general, we can seethat the grey water footprint is the main source of variability,whereas the green water footprint is in general termsrather low.
22 THE WATER FOOTPRINT OF TOMATO PRODUCTIONFIGURE 4. National green, blue and grey water footprint (WF) (hm 3 , leftaxis), average yield (t/ha), national tomato production (1,000,000 t) andweighed water use (1,000 m 3 /ha) (right axis)Source: Own elaboration.As illustrated in figure 5 most of the main producingprovinces have a total water footprint below the nationalaverage. This may be related to the high yields achieved inthese provinces. In Figure 6 the total water footprints inhm 3 of the main producing provinces are represented, alongwith the average annual water footprint of all the provincesas a reference point and the percentage of national productioneach province represents.Again, we observe that the relative differences betweenthe green, blue and grey water footprints are maintained,being the grey water footprint the most important component.The high production of Badajoz and Almería makes
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The water footprint and virtual water exports of Spanish tomatoes

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