Oracle SQL Developer

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Utilizing the Main Features of PL/SQLinside a subprogram. Any update to the value of the parameter inside the subprogramis not accessible outside the subprogram.Example 7–21Declaring a Function With IN ParametersDECLARE -- declare variables and subprogramsfname VARCHAR2(20) := 'randall';lname VARCHAR2(25) := 'dexter';FUNCTION upper_name ( v1 IN VARCHAR2, v2 IN VARCHAR2)RETURN VARCHAR2 ASv3 VARCHAR2(45); -- this variable is local to the functionBEGIN-- build a string that will be returned as the function valuev3 := v1 || ' + ' || v2 || ' = ' || UPPER(v1) || ' ' || UPPER(v2);RETURN v3; -- return the value of v3END;BEGIN-- call the function and display resultsDBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(upper_name (fname, lname));END;/In Example 7–22, both a variable and a numeric literal are passed as a parameter to amore complex procedure.Example 7–22 Declaring a Complex Procedure in a PL/SQL BlockDECLARE -- declare variables and subprogramsempid NUMBER;PROCEDURE avg_min_max_sal (empid IN NUMBER) ISjobid VARCHAR2(10);avg_sal NUMBER;min_sal NUMBER;max_sal NUMBER;BEGIN-- determine the job Id for the employeeSELECT job_id INTO jobid FROM employees WHERE employee_id = empid;-- calculate the average, minimum, and maximum salaries for that job IdSELECT AVG(salary), MIN(salary), MAX(salary) INTO avg_sal, min_sal, max_salFROM employees WHERE job_id = jobid;-- display dataDBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Employee Id: ' || empid || ' Job Id: ' || jobid);DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('The average salary for job Id: ' || jobid|| ' is ' || TO_CHAR(avg_sal));DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('The minimum salary for job Id: ' || jobid|| ' is ' || TO_CHAR(min_sal));DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('The maximum salary for job Id: ' || jobid|| ' is ' || TO_CHAR(max_sal));END avg_min_max_sal;BEGIN-- call the procedure with several employee Idsempid := 125;avg_min_max_sal(empid);avg_min_max_sal(112);END;/Subprograms can also be declared in packages. You can create subprograms that arestored in the database. These subprograms can be called from other subprograms,packages, and SQL statements. See Subprograms and Packages: Usage Information.7-16 SQL Developer Online Help
Utilizing the Main Features of PL/SQL7.3.13 Working With PL/SQL Data StructuresData structure are composite data types that let you work with the essential propertiesof data without being too involved with details. After you design a data structure, youcan focus on designing algorithms that manipulate the data structure.7.3.13.1 Using CursorsA cursor is a name for a specific private SQL area in which information for processingthe specific statement is kept. PL/SQL uses both implicit and explicit cursors. PL/SQLimplicitly declares a cursor for all SQL data manipulation statements on a set of rows,including queries that return only one row. You can explicitly declare a cursor for onerow, as shown in Example 7–10 on page 7-10 declares an explicit cursor.For queries that return more than one row, you can explicitly declare a cursor toprocess the rows individually. See Example 7–23.Example 7–23 Fetching With a CursorDECLARE -- declare variables and cursorsjobid employees.job_id%TYPE; -- variable for job_idlastname employees.last_name%TYPE; -- variable for last_nameCURSOR c1 IS SELECT last_name, job_id FROM employeesWHERE job_id LIKE '%CLERK';employees employees%ROWTYPE;-- record variable for rowCURSOR c2 is SELECT * FROM employeesWHERE job_id LIKE '%MAN' OR job_id LIKE '%MGR';BEGINOPEN c1; -- open the cursor before fetchingLOOPFETCH c1 INTO lastname, jobid; -- fetches 2 columns into variablesEXIT WHEN c1%NOTFOUND;DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( RPAD(lastname, 25, ' ') || jobid );END LOOP;CLOSE c1;DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( '-------------------------------------' );OPEN c2;LOOPFETCH c2 INTO employees; -- fetches entire row into the employees recordEXIT WHEN c2%NOTFOUND;DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( RPAD(employees.last_name, 25, ' ') ||employees.job_id );END LOOP;CLOSE c2;END;/In Example 7–23, LIKE is used to specify the records to return with the query. Forinformation on LIKE, see Restricting Data Using the WHERE Clause.See Also: PL/SQL User's Guide and Reference for information onmanaging cursors with PL/SQL7.3.13.2 Using CollectionsPL/SQL collection types let you declare high-level data types similar to arrays, sets,and hash tables found in other languages. In PL/SQL, array types are known asvarrays (short for variable-size arrays), set types are known as nested tables, and hashtable types are known as associative arrays. Each kind of collection is an orderedgroup of elements, all of the same type. Each element has a unique subscript thatPL/SQL: Usage Information 7-17
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Oracle SQL DeveloperOnline HelpRele
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Contents1 SQL Developer Concepts an
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3.12 Create/Edit Index ............
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6.3.2 Updating Data With the UPDATE
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10.2.5 SQL*Plus SET Commands.......
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SQL Developer User InterfaceThe men
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SQL Developer User InterfaceThe Com
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Database Objects1.2 Database Object
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Database Objectscontaining the mast
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Database Objects■■■■■■
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Database ConnectionsWhen you start
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Running and Debugging Functions and
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Using the SQL WorksheetRelated Topi
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Using the SQL WorksheetScript Runne
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Using the SQL Worksheetmentioned in
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Reports1.9 ReportsRelated TopicsRun
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Reports1.9.3 Table reportsTable rep
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Reportsissues and vulnerabilities,
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SQL Developer Preferencesand the SQ
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SQL Developer Preferences1.10.3 Cod
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SQL Developer PreferencesSQL Develo
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SQL Developer User Information: Loc
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Supplementary Oracle Database Infor
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Creating a Table (Books)the table t
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Creating a Table (Transactions)Colu
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Creating a SequenceName: for_key_bo
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Creating a PL/SQL Procedure2.6 Crea
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Using the SQL Worksheet for Queries
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Script for Creating and Using the L
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Script for Creating and Using the L
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Check for UpdatesTo remove the effe
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Select Library3.8 Select LibraryThi
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Create PL/SQL Function, Procedure,
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Create Table (quick creation)Relate
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Create/Edit Table (with advanced op
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Create Type (User-Defined)For more
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Create/Edit ViewTest Syntax: Checks
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Configure File Type AssociationsDia
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Find/Replace TextTo add a type of o
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Save/Save As3.37 Save/Save As3.38 S
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SQL*Plus Location3-28 SQL Developer
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Managing TablesTo include lowercase
Page 92 and 93: Managing Tables4.2.4 Column Constra
Page 94 and 95: Managing Indexes4.3 Managing Indexe
Page 96 and 97: Managing Indexesuseful when all of
Page 98 and 99: Managing Views4.4 Managing Views4.3
Page 100 and 101: Managing Synonyms4-12 SQL Developer
Page 102 and 103: Storing Numeric Data■■NCHAR and
Page 104 and 105: Storing Numeric DataThe absence of
Page 106 and 107: Storing Datetime Data5.4.1.2 Using
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Page 110 and 111: Retrieving Data With Queries■■
Page 112 and 113: Retrieving Data With QueriesSee Als
Page 114 and 115: Retrieving Data With QueriesSee Als
Page 116 and 117: Transaction Control Statements6.3.2
Page 118 and 119: Using Pseudocolumns, Sequences, and
Page 124 and 125: Using SQL Data Definition Language
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Page 128 and 129: Entering and Executing PL/SQL CodeY
Page 130 and 131: Utilizing the Main Features of PL/S
Page 148 and 149: Handling PL/SQL ErrorsTo handle une
Page 150 and 151: Handling PL/SQL ErrorsIf you redecl
Page 152 and 153: Handling PL/SQL Errors7-26 SQL Deve
Page 154 and 155: Overview of Packages and Subprogram
Page 156 and 157: Managing Packagescalling procedures
Page 158 and 159: Oracle Product-Specific PackagesTab
Page 160 and 161: Oracle Product-Specific PackagesTab
Page 162 and 163: Oracle Product-Specific Packages8-1
Page 164 and 165: Overview of Triggers9.1.1 Types of
Page 166 and 167: Overview of Triggers■■A trigger
Page 168 and 169: Designing TriggersNote: A procedure
Page 170 and 171: Using SQL*Plus■■■Running Scri
Page 172 and 173: Using SQL*PlusA SQL script file is
Page 174 and 175: Using SQL*Plus10-6 SQL Developer On
Page 176 and 177: Overview of Globalization Support
Page 178 and 179: Setting up the Globalization Suppor
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SQL and PL/SQL Programming with Uni
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SQL and PL/SQL Programming with Uni
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Locale-Dependent SQL Functions with
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Locale-Dependent SQL Functions with
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COLLECTION_IS_NULL exception, 7-22c
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overview, 7-14EXPLAIN PLANexecution
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NLSSORT SQL function, 11-21NO_DATA_
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displaying output from PL/SQL, 7-9s
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disabling, 9-4enabling, 9-4error co
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Oracle SQL Developer

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