Demographic and Health Surveys Methodology - Measure DHS

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Infant Feeding ................................................................................................................. 129Infant Feeding ................................................................................................................. 131Micronutrients ................................................................................................................. 133Iodization of Household Salt .......................................................................................... 133Micronutrient Intake Among Children ........................................................................... 134Micronutrient Intake Among Women ............................................................................. 136Children’s and Women’s Nutritional Status ................................................................... 138Children’s Anemia Status ............................................................................................... 138Children’s and Women’s Nutritional Status ................................................................... 140Women’s Anemia Status................................................................................................. 140Children’s and Women’s Nutritional Status ................................................................... 143Children’s Nutritional Status .......................................................................................... 143Children’s and Women’s Nutritional Status ................................................................... 147Women’s Nutritional Status ............................................................................................ 147HIV/AIDS/STDs ............................................................................................................. 150HIV/AIDS Prevention Knowledge ................................................................................. 150Knowledge of STD Symptoms ....................................................................................... 151Condom Use at Last Sex ................................................................................................. 152Adult and Maternal Mortality ......................................................................................... 153Adult Mortality (Direct Method) .................................................................................... 156Adult Mortality (Indirect Method) .................................................................................. 158iii
ForewordDHS surveys collect a wealth of information on widely different topics for a sample of the population ofthe countries that participate in the DHS program. The information is processed and presented in tablesthat describe the situation of the relevant country. Before producing these tables, many steps arenecessary to ensure that the data properly reflect the situations they intend to describe. This involvesweighting the sample results, considering such factors as the sample design and response rates, theconstruction of summary variables, and the calculation of mortality and fertility rates.Many of the procedures involved are straightforward and are familiar to demographic analysts. However,other procedures need special attention and are built on the basis of experience accumulated over manyyears regarding the preferred way of calculating certain indicators, what to guard against, and what not toforget.This Guide to DHS Statistics is meant to be a tool for all data users. It can also be an aid for those whoare just starting out in data analysis, a tool for checking procedures for those whose skills are moreadvanced, and a reference document for all who deal with data generated from the database of a DHSsurvey.I hope that this valuable tool will significantly increase the capacity of many researchers to do their owntabulations and analyses. I trust that it will help make data users aware of the precautions to take and theprocedures that need to be followed to ensure that generated data are as correct as they can be. It shouldalso ensure that the strengths and limitations of certain data and indicators are clear to all users.I thank Shea Rutstein and Guillermo Rojas for an excellent job and hope that you will find this documentvery useful in your work with DHS data and beyond.Martin VaessenProject DirectorGuide to DHS Statistics iv September 2003
Page 1 and 2: Guide to DHS statisticsDemographic
Page 3 and 4: GUIDE TO DHS STATISTICSShea Oscar R
Page 5: Preferred Method of Contraception f
Page 9 and 10: MODEL QUESTIONNAIRESThe basic appro
Page 11 and 12: The Guidelines for the Main Survey
Page 13 and 14: The figure on the previous page ill
Page 15 and 16: Before using an exported DHS data f
Page 17 and 18: In this list “xx” represent dig
Page 19 and 20: At data entry time, contrary to the
Page 21 and 22: CalculationInitial sample weights a
Page 23 and 24: DHS uses century month codes extens
Page 25 and 26: AgeTotal ChildrenTotal ChildrenSmoo
Page 27 and 28: All Women Ever-Married Women All Wo
Page 29 and 30: it is not possible to merge the hou
Page 31 and 32: ename = (HVIDX$01, HV101$01, HV102$
Page 33 and 34: III. Guide to Individual Statistics
Page 35 and 36: Births in the month of interview ar
Page 37 and 38: Statistics: Total Fertility RateDef
Page 39 and 40: Statistics: Crude Birth RateDefinit
Page 41 and 42: CHILDREN EVER BORN AND LIVINGStatis
Page 43 and 44: BIRTH INTERVALSStatistics: Percent
Page 45 and 46: AGE AT FIRST BIRTHStatistics: Perce
Page 47 and 48: TEENAGE PREGNANCY AND MOTHERHOODSta
Page 49 and 50: 4. Traditional methods: The number
Page 51 and 52: CURRENT USE OF CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD
Page 53 and 54: Changes over TimeThe list of specif
Page 55 and 56: Median: Women with a missing value
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KNOWLEDGE OF THE FERTILE PERIODStat
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Statistics: Median Age at Contracep
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INFORMED CHOICEStatistics:A. Percen
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B. In the standard recode file, the
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REASONS FOR DISCONTINUING CONTRACEP
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FUTURE USE OF CONTRACEPTIONStatisti
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PREFERRED METHOD OF CONTRACEPTION F
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CONTACT OF NONUSERS WITH FAMILY PLA
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ATTITUDES TOWARD FAMILY PLANNINGSta
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NUMBER OF CO-WIVESStatistics: Perce
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MEDIAN AGE AT FIRST MARRIAGEDefinit
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Statistics: Median Age at First Sex
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B. Denominator: Number of all birth
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Notes and ConsiderationsAssumptions
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FERTILITY PREFERENCESNEED FOR FAMIL
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ii. Say they do not know whether th
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NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNING—NOT CURR
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5. Unmet need for spacing.a) Includ
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AssumptionsWomen who are not curren
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1. Higher age group: A woman’s ag
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INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITYEARLY CHI
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Statistics: Neonatal Mortality Rate
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MORTALITY RATE CALCULATIONNeonatal
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Statistics: Perinatal Mortality Rat
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HIGH-RISK FERTILITY BEHAVIOR RISK R
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MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTHANTENATAL
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Handling of Missing Values“Don’
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ANTENATAL CAREPrenatal tetanus toxo
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DELIVERY CAREStatistics: Percent Di
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POSTNATAL CAREStatistics: Percent D
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Calculation5. All vaccinations—ch
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CHILD MORBIDITY PREVALENCE AND TREA
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Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
CHILDHOOD MORBIDITY PREVENTION: DIA
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WOMEN’S USE OF SMOKING TOBACCOSta
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Handling of Missing ValuesExcluded
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Decisions on AlternativesAn alterna
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Respondents with missing reports fo
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C. Denominators:Calculation1. Numbe
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C. Denominators:Calculation1. Numbe
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B. Numerators:1. Number of days bre
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MICRONUTRIENT INTAKE AMONG CHILDREN
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MICRONUTRIENT INTAKE AMONG WOMENSta
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CHILDREN’S AND WOMEN’S NUTRITIO
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CHILDREN’S AND WOMEN’S NUTRITIO
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ReferencesCenters for Disease Contr
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CalculationA. The assignment of ant
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ReferencesNational Center for Healt
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Changes Over TimeIn phases of the D
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HIV/AIDS/STDSHIV/AIDS PREVENTION KN
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CONDOM USE AT LAST SEXStatistics: P
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. Denominator (exposure): [Example
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ADULT MORTALITY (DIRECT METHOD)Stat
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ADULT MORTALITY (INDIRECT METHOD)St
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Another important issue is location
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Demographic and Health Surveys Methodology - Measure DHS

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