The Navy Vol_49_Part1 1987 - Navy League of Australia

Registered by Australia Post Publication No NBP 1482 S 2 . 5 0JANUARY, 1987THE NAVY

THENAVYM&JW&I?"EDITORROSSGILLETTPO BOX 653DEE WHY, NSW 2099ftagi*re< etf Of AuiUH* Poll PutUKttton Ho HBP HI!Reproduction in part or whole is forbidden without the permissionof the Editor in writingThe magazine of the Navy League ot AustraliaJANUARY, 1987\ 1 IMITED EDITION TRIBI TE 1" Ml VER—POLISHED PEWTERTO A CHEAT FICI ITINC SEKVK Eth. •—.! tiMnlua s... ifM Thinn IT rai riirnniwM- — — — •*• •»••"•IMMIlMMiBin* •MtiifcW.iWw.iliHWiWidtowtaiw^wi•tfcTS^AIsISrrt*. r-*~jteswaste^^^1- MM* ***-» •" NH *» pMMMMtf*—"^v^HSSS'jeSBKSSS^SEWtMrtK^JSSK'!••^•s^HrSES?^-"-"'-^1"^^^1—^ .IWn^ta,^ *•»-- —•*• !•-."«• *- —' *f eaaa* el eaieiil:mi tnrnm uui,i.=,s-s=^-;s.':,:X7^^^^-s.~":.:r.^«rf, **•,-.*,• nrtUii^.h.n.drBAN k. k mn». • lhn~—'^~tjr&!r~^$^ KTaSSfesi * uZ^ZZZmii tm .* *•.«.**••». .£.- ^jtnsSJsfis.'jsKairssaiicrnaiss ,r.^.-«.„„.;. - .^rr—, *. «*«;)-* --*—*• —-—*- — - -~- r"- ••••nn-DDD-DDDaDDHMAS COOK inspects USS OLDENDORF duhng the Naval Assembly and Fleet Review held in Sydney on October 4. 1986 In the background areHMCS SASKATCHEWAN and HMAS JERVIS BAYADVERTISING AND PUBLICATIONPtrclvil Publishing Co Pty Ltd(Incorpomfd n NSW)SYDNEYM? Ekiabath Srr*«tWaterloo. NSW 2017Phono 699 6231ADELAIDE2nd Floor. 97 Currte St. AOtU.de 5000Pnon* 516225PEBTM2nd Floor. Kngt OW Orhce TowerSl7Hay SirMt. PvrtnflOOOPhone 221623366 Boutue Street Phone 67 1461HOBAHT123 Murray Si. Hobart 7000PhOM 34*096Tbt opinion, or assarttMS nprim< inarttcttt It "Ti* Ptnry 1 ' an mm of AtMVMn MM vc Hi Mcwsnly ttiow ot wtfiliril Council ol TM Ntvy low olNrtraHi, ON loiter ol "TM MWY" or TMMytl Mnn Navy.RUSHCUTTER during trials off Newcastle,prior to commissioning in late1986. (Photo — Csrrinaton Slipway).Printed by MinW Printing Co Pry Ltd (Incorporated•n NSW). 663 EttMwtn Street Waterloo. 3017Phone 699 2600CONTENTSP •goMnohuntor HMAST1USHCUTT ERSpectacular 75th AnniversaryBravo-Zulu 751 h AnniversaryThe RAN 25 Years OnOnboard USS MISSOURIUFA ARGUS - A New FlexibilitySparrow* Amongst the Hawki ..•2325303235January, 1987Paye Orw

f'flM«f#OfffflCockatoo Island Dockyardin January 1986. Ships al theDockyard include HMASSuccess, HMAS Adelaide,HMAS Tobruk andHMAS Oxlcv.Cockatoo Dockyard SalutesThe Royal Australian NavyOn Its 75 Years Of ServiceThroughout each ol its 75 proudyears, the Royal Australian Navy has hadthe supporl otCockatoo Island Doekvard.IIMAS Success, handed over in AprilIV86; is the 36th ship huili tor the RAN atCockatoo and joins HMA Ships Stalwart.Iorrens. Stuart and Parramatta whichwere delivered in earlier years and are stillin service.All six Oheron Class submarines havebeen modernised at (Cockatoo, beingextensively modified to use the Harpoonmissile and the wire-guided MK48Torpedo. Eleven major refits have beenundertaken at Cockatoo since 1471.In addition the Dm .ksaru Joes itsshare ol repairing and n lanulacluring thhundreds ol spares that a modern Navvneeds.(Congratulations \. ivy lor 75 years i,i ioh well done.Cockatoo Dockyard Pty Limitedi .kk.itfo M.inJ. \s\X ;IHHIV ::., IDK r ..I ihi* AM litniipoi i ..rii|\iui.NMcplwiu HJ MX 1 '*!-)THE DIBB REVIEW -SIX MONTHS ONVEWPOINT in the 1986 issue of THE NAVYcontained the writer's first impressions ofMr Paul Dibb's Review of Australian DefenceCapabilities which had just been made public.Immediately following publication, the Review received a good dealof media attention, mostly favourable, although some aspects of the Dibbstrategic assessment received critical comment Some of the earlycomment was rather shallow, indicating a too-hasty reading of a farreachingreportViewpoint expressed the writer's opinion that the thrust of the Reviewwould be interpreted abroad, particularly in the United States, as tendingtowards isolationism, reports indicate it was indeed seen in this way by theAmericansWhether one likes it or not, the Australia-USA relationship is a vitalfactor in Australia's defence arrangements, and there is no reason tosuppose the Hawke Government does not appreciate the fundamentalimportance of the relationship It will be interesting, therefore, to see whatthe strategic overview of the forthcoming Defence White Paper has to sayabout the matter, and whether "the presence of the joint facilities, togetherwith the access that we provide to visits by United States warships and theTHE NAVY LEAGUE OF AUSTRALIAFEDERAL COUNCILPatron.in Chief: Hn> EnceHency. Trie Governor GeneralPresident: F Goo'irny Evans OBE VROVice-Presidents: Rear Admiral A J Robertson AO DSC, RAN (Rld| JohnHi«J L F w Vekndge. OBE. vRDSecretary: R M Blymman. 9 CuHiton Road Camberwelt. Vie 3124 Phone» 7426 (AH)NEW SOUTH WALES DIVISIONPatron: Hrs €

+••Mp1 £MINEHUNTER HMASRUSHCUTTER COMMISSIONSTIE first of the new BAY class revolutionary minehunter catamarans being built for the RoyalAustralian Navy by Carrington Slipways of Tomago, NSW, was commissioned into navalservice at a ceremony held at the firm's Fibreglass facility on Saturday, November 1.RUSHCUTTER, and her sister ship, SHOALWATER, which is at an advanced stage ofconstruction, will be the first minehunters to join the RAN since HMAS CURLEW was convertedfrom a minesweeper to a minehunter in 1968.With the commissioning of RUSHCUTTER, the RAN will advance itsminewarfare technology from 1950s capabilities to the latest state of art.The Navy's mine counter measures force had been allowed to run downover thy past decade, and the recent Dlbb report highlighted the lack olminewarfare capability as the maior shortcoming in the present Naval forcestructureWhen Carrington Slipways was awarded the contract to build the twoprototype minehunters. a purpose designed Minehunter fjcilily wasconstructed on a three hectare site on the northern bank of the HunterRiver The facility is air-conditioned and environmentally controlled toensure that optimum conditions are maintained for GRP lamination andcuring A dust and styrene extraction system is also provided to ensure aclean working environmentConstruction of RUSHCUTTER started in May 1984. and many newtechniques and technological advances were incorporated in the buildingof the vessel For example, the weight of the GRP used is computercontrolled, and allows a constant amount of resin to be applied to eachindividual section Can-ington Slipways also developed in conjunction withAC!, a method of combining ? chopped strand mat with a woven roving tospeed up the construction time This has resulted in the second vessel.SHOALWATER. being built in a shorter time than RUSHCUTTERTHE minehunters were designed by naval architects in Navy Office.Canberra, and include many unique features which make thempotential export dollar earners The catamaran-shaped hullminimises the draught so that it can operate in very shallow and restrictedwaters and, combined with the Schottel propulsion units which rotatethrough 360°. makes the vessel very manoeuvreable and capable ofminehunting amongst shipping in a crowded anchorage All mainmachinery is located above the water line and the magnetic and acousticcharacteristics are minimisedThe Krupp Atlas Elektronik minehunting system fitted is fully computerisedand can be operated by only two personnel This combined withother modem technological advances allows a complement of only 13 ,personal to man lb. vessel, a major reduction compared with the larger **«" «•?* m »'««'"S overseas, seeking export orders. Presentations oncomplement, necessary In more conventional minehunters in service with ' hc ues "'" v « ft" * ve " '" several overseas navies and as a resulioversea, navies. Crew numbers are critical lor smaller navies with limited **£>mmt . < * C,B *"""uls "^ *• J * " * " ft*» "? "" ~" M !"« i °"manpower, a, they cannot afford ships that are manpower Intensive ,h ? d, and *>"' !? , ! " '"RUSHCUTTER during shipbuilders trialsAs a result ol these features, considerable Interest has been expressed The Department of Defence ha, actively supported Carrington Slipwaysby both Middle East and Fa, East navies and Carrington Slipway, havem " k «''"9 •cMvllkti. and when a team visited the Middle East InNovember, they were accompanied by a senior RAN minewarfare officer,who provided professional and operational expertisePage Four January, 1987January, 1987Page Five

ACRYDUX•The original Yacht Acrylic iFrom Boom Covers to Tote Bags,If s Making Waves!It is expected that the Government will order up to six furtherminehunters in 1988. when RUSHCUTTER and SHOALWATER willti.v. .• completed extensive evaluation (rialsFrom The Minister"The commissioning of HMAS RUSHCUTTER marks the start of theredevelopment of a strong mine countermeasures capability in the RAN.and may open Important defence export piospects." the Defence MinisterMr Beazley said at the ceremony to commission the new minehunter intothe RAN on Saturday. November 1. 1986"Our present inability 10 keep our waters clear of mines is. perhaps,the most glaring deficiency in the AI >! This government places thehighest priority on remedying that deficiency"The RUSHCUTTER is the first prototype of the new andrevolutionary Bay Class of vessels designed to hunt mines in the shallowwaters of harbours and channels (t has a catamaran hull of glassreinforcedplastic with extremely low magnetic and acoustic signatures,and is equipped with the most advanced mine detection and mine disposalsystems"HMAS RUSHCUTTER has been built by Carrington Slipways PtyLtd of Tomago. near Newcastle. NSW "Mr Beazley said $88 million had been allocated for the construction ofihe special shipbuilding facilily at Tomago. two prototype minehunters,with support infrastructure, and an extensive test and evaluation programme Construction of the second prototype is welt under way"The Navy will trial HMAS RUSHCUTTER and her sister ship(HMAS SHOALWATER) over the next year, to demonstrate theirperformance Following successful completion of the trials, a productionprogramme of some four vessels is planned"Because of its potential performance and low cost, there areexcellent prospects for exports." Mr Beazley said "In keeping with theGovernment's recent decision to assist Australian industry in the export ofmilitary products my Department is assisting the builders in their marketingefforts, and the Commonwealth is exploring ways of encouraging andassisting ihe company to exploit their advantage through commercialexport sales Within the limits of available specialist resources, and subjectto full cost recovery, my Department can provide:• "assistance at a Government level, and through using Defence Offsetsprogramme, to encourage overseas companies to facilitate salesdirectly to their Governments through collaborative or co-productionarrangements,• "technical support, including the use of test ranges and other facilitiesand provision of technical reports and publications.• "Defence personnel to assist in training and marketing.• "access to RAN facilities to facilitate offers of spares support services Ifoverseas customers, and• "access to AUSTRADE and the Defence Attaches in establishing initialmarket contracts"There is already considerable interest from a wide range of navies,which we expect to become more intense as the Navy's trials establish thecost-effectiveness of these unique vessels The tests canied out byCarringtons on HMAS RUSHCUTTER. lead us to feel confident that thenew minehunters will do the i< >b they were designed for "^"^y/Mm^^'^^j^Acrydux - Chosen by the America's Cup even mast and boom coven.Challengers for their boom covers.Acrydux by Bradmill - It's the tough, acrylic canvasmade of 100% dope dyed color-fast fibre. Acrydux is waterresistant and rotproof, and for those that worry aboutbreathability, there's minimal sweating or condensation.Because Acrydux is a synthetic it also featuresminimal shrinkage for boat covers, sail and tote bags -For more information on Acrydux and its manymarine applications contact Bradmill Australia.ACRYDUXUNDOtSU.IT'SfiOTVOUCOVHtED. IIH \l)\|!lJanuary. 1987Pacje Savtn

Spectacular £75th Anniversary Naval Assembly ss^The Review in Pics from the Navy PhotographersThe largest fleet oj warships ever to assemble in an Australian port in peacetimegathered in Sydney, early in October, to mark one of the major events in the RoyalAustralian Navy's 75th Anniversary celebrations. Over 40 warships, representing thenavies of seven nations, participated in the biggest naval review ever staged inAustralian waters.HRH The Duke of F.dinburgh, who, as anAdmiral of the Fled of the Royal AustralianNavy, was the Reviewing OfficerTwenty tout Australian warships, rangingfrom the Flagship. HMAS STALWART toFremantle and Attack class patrol boats,participated As well, there was a seven-shiptask group representing the Royal Navy, a fourshiptask group from the United States Navy.the Canadian naval training squadron of threeships, two ships from the Royal New ZealandNavy, and one each from the French Navy andthe Papua New Guinea Defence ForceThe Review proved to be the majoi highlightof the Anniversary celebrations, and wascertainly the most spectacular, with all ships"dressed overall" during daylight hours andilluminated at night A major fireworks displaywas held, while other events included a massednaval bands performance at the Sydney OperaHouseA majority of the ships arrived off Sydney onMonday September 29. and entered theHarbour as pirt of a ceremonial entryFollowing the celebrations in Sydney, manyof the visiting ships in company with ships ofthe RAN. visited other Australian portsAUSSATAustralians National Satellite SystemJanuary, 1987Six Australian Fleet units steam off the northern beaches in a series of naval manoeuvres.THE NAVYPag* Nine

SHELL TANKERREFUELS WARSHIPThe Royal Australian Navy and ihe Shell Oil companyhave successfully completed the first refuelling of anAustralian warship by an Australian-owned and mannedtanker.The trial was undertaken in Jervis Bay between theguided missile frigate, HMAS Canberra and the Shelltanker Conus. Original planning for the refuelling of RANships from merchant tankers was raised in October, 1981after the Naval Control of Shipping exercise 'Bell Buoy'i.ad shown it to be highly desirable.Canberra was commanded by Commander ChrisOxenbould and Conus by Captain David Sadler. CaptainSadler is also a Lieutenant Commander in the RoyalAustralian Naval Reserve.Fuelling began at 2.30 pm and was completed an hourlater after 100 tonnes of automotive gas oil (dicsel fuel) hadbeen discharged from tanker to FFG. The operation wasdeemed highly successful, satisifying the Navy desire to testaccess to a mobile fuel stock aboard a merchant tanker.HMAS Canberra is one of four FFGs in service or ontrials with the fleet. The ship was commissioned on 21March, 1981 and now forms part of the RAN SecondDestroyer Squadron. She is armed with both Harpoon andStandard missiles, a 76mm gun, torpedoes, and isscheduled to receive the Phalanx anti-missile gun andhelicopters in the near future.Conus was built in Japan and handed over to Shell on 31March, 1981. At 30,000 tonnes dead weight, she is one ofthe largest tankers operating in Australian waters. Theship's hull features nineteen individual cargo holds for avariety of oil products. Conus is manned by a 36 man crew.(Photograph by courtesy RAN Fleet Public Relations)HMS ILLUSTRIOUS off Sydney, prior to the 75th Anniversary celebra- HMS BEAVER toads other shf* into Sydney Harbour. September 29.tions"*^... IJ*t'fi§8•w.Jv r.sr*- *By tar the most impressive member of the 75th Anniversary Fleet, USSMISSOURI fires a full IS gun broadside on Tuesday afternoon, Sep- USS MISSOURI, seen from a RAN helicopter oft Sydney, the afternoontember 30.before her grand entryJanuary. 1W7THE NAVY

THE NAVY'"•«• Thirteen

Wormald International.Protecting the menwho protect Australia.VWORMflLDINTERNATIONALp f fourteen THE NAVY January, 1»t7When she arrived In Sydney on Wednesday, October 1. 'Mighty Mo was welcomed by hundreds ol pleasure crah and the odd demonstratorHere she ts gently pushed towards her berth as tier crew man shipJanuwy, 1M7 THE NAVY Pag* FHtaan

•What's good from Australiais good for Australia.L3T.1 .iH 1JP'.':.^^^%*'•~Jr'*^*"e> t u*~^ "«*a>3p*H. ^^^^^*»»">> ^^^B , *"Ehi£b& :*w**e' ^^^^SMt>^%I^M^PO^^^Sv - — » -j --Vjk• ~rrAn overview of foe Qan*o M M end V3 region wrtfl some ?0 snips alongside USS MISSOURI is stow ro berthA viable balance of trade depends on Australia s export outputto maior markets And as a key element in the export cycle, theres tneshipping industry Enter Columbus With modern, fast, container ships weprovide a maior freight capacity to the East and West Coasts of Americaand Canada Venezuela the Caribbean and the U S and MexicanGulf And with optimum operational efficiency, we set the standard ofservice If you want to put this corporate commitment to work for youcall Columbus and ask for Marketing Services We can act And we canprovide you with a fully integrated Freight Plan If you re an exporterthat s good for Australia If you ship Columbus that s good for youCOLUMBUS UNESpeed afloat Service ashore.Page SiKtMn THE NAVY January. VKSS?*%*?

4 4 *Fleet commander. RADM Ian Knox, commendedfleet units for their role in the recent International FleetReviewIn a signal to all ships. RADM Knox said. "The NavyAssembly and Review, the first of its kind in Australia,has been a resounding success"As well as proving to be the biggest birthday partyexperienced by Sydneysiders. it has also focused attention of the nation on our navy, our maritime heritageand the importance of seapower"This has been achieved only because of a great dealof hard work and detailed planning by all units concerned."I am very conscious of the many problems andresource difficulties and inconveniences there havebeen"Without exception, however, all hands have risenmagnificently to the occasion, and I have beenextremely pleased at the outcome of the whole range ofassembly activities"In particular, the review itself was the greatest ofspectacles and a proud and unforgettable day for us al"Many of you have embarked on another busy roundof exercises and port visits with precious little time forrelaxation and family contact in what has already been ahectic, action-packed year"I believe, when it is over, we will look back on 1986as being an extremely significant milestone in our Navy'shistory and that all of the time and effort expended willbe seen to have been well worthwhile."As Fleet Commander. I am proud of what you haveachieved and delighted with the positive spirit that Is soevident in our ships and establishments"Keep up the good work "Page Eighteen

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Rustonf~4• 4•T \UK | fBravo Zulu — 75th AnniversaryThe Duke of Edinburgh, theAustralian House of Representativesand DefenceMinister. Mr Kim Beazley,have all congratulated theRAN on its 75th anniversarycelebrations.In a letter loCNS (VADM Mike Hudson). MiBrian Smith, of Covernment House. Adelaide.The power behind the foam.Ruston Diesels; famous throughout the maritime world asspecialists in the development of propulsion engines for tugboats from500-5000 h.p. In harbours and ports everywhere; wherever tugs areworking, you'll findthat Ruston has proven itself as a driving force .in this demanding field. "Get the full story on Ruston towing power- ,Winnellie5789Phone843520 S J& j#Page Twenty-two JwHwry. 1967"The Duke of Edinburgh has asked me towrite ro lhar.k you. and all your team, for amarvellous two days m celebration of the 75thAnniversary of the Royal Australian Navy"Everything went like clockwork, and PrincePhilip was mosl impressed by the Review TheFireworks were sensational and His RoyalHighness very much enjoyed the dinner yougave afterwards at Tresco Perhaps you couldpass on special thanks to Rett Admiral and MrsMartin for allowing us all to have such a goodparty in their houseI am sure you realise, also, that Prince Philipmuch enjoyed the Concert the night before.with its splendid performance by the RANmusicians"Thank you also, on behalf of the RAN, forthe r^arvellous book. "The Royal AustralianNavy — The First Seventy Five Years", whichyou have so kindly presented to The Queen 1will of course we that Her Majesty receives n assoon as possible"Lastly, may I please be allowed to thank youall on my own behalf for a very memorable visitVice Admiral Michael Hudson, presents the 75th Anniversary Limited Edition book to HRHPrince Philipto Sydney which I would not have missed foranythingAgain. Prince Philip's congratulations andthanks to you all "The Speaker of the House of Representslives. The Hon Joan Child. MP. wrote"It is with much pleasure that I have toconvey to you text of a resolution which wasagreed to by the House of Representatives onOctober 7HRH Prince Philip and the Prime Minister, aboard HMAS COOK during the Fleet ReviewJanuary. 1987THE NAVYThe resolution readsThat this house"Congratulates the Royal Australian Navy onthe 75th Anniversary of its foundation, notingwith deep appreciation the vital contribution ofthe RAN to the defence of Australia In twoworld wars and conflicts in Korea and Vietnam"Its essential role in the preservation of peacein out region and. through Australian participationm the western alliance, around the giobeand the sacrtfire of the men and women of theRAN who have given their )

performance, reliability and lower operational costs.Spey. Adour. RB199. Gem. Viper Gnome.Altogether, Rolls-Royce provide power for more than 16,000military engines in 83 military aircraft types in87 countries.ROLLSH*ROYCEROLLS-ROYCE pic. 65 BUCKINGHAM GATE. LONDON SWIE 6AT.ROLLS-ROYCE OF AUSTRALIA PTY LTD, I4TH FLOOR. 50 BRIDGE STREET SYDNEY. NSW 2000.RTM322SING a strategy specified byU Government, the Dibb Reportincludes a number oi recommendationsregarding equipment.These recommendations and otherinformation, some of which havealready been approved, and someof which are still under study, tellus the capabilities the RAN willhave in AD 2011.Twenty-five yean from now. the RAN will• Be at a serious technological disadvantagecompared with many regional Powers• Be unable to defend out overseas trade lorlonger than a very short period• Have strong capabilities within the 200nautical mile 11/• Be in a position where personne' problemsare the most likely limiting laclorIn force structure terms. Navy can expect tohave these assets• A squadron o) highly capable diesel electricsubmarines armed with the very latestweapons and sensors• Nine "blue water' escort ships, all with areadefence surface to air missile systems Atleast until the DDG's are replaced, only thesix FFGs will have helicopters However,each FFG will have two of the most capablehelicopters available• Eight light patro! frigates replacing the sixRiver Class destroyer escorts and some ofthe Fremamle Class patrol boats It will bevery difficult to assess the effectiveness ofthe light patrol frigates until we know a greatdeal more about their weapons, sensors andseakeepmg capabilities• A numerically inadequate but qualitativelyexcellent, estuarial minehunitng force, withsome, as yet undetermined, minesweepingcapability• Ten patrol boats, replacing the remainder ofthe fifteen Fremantle Class Thesereplacements are expected to be markeHlymore seaworthy than the Frerr.antle designwhich was not intended for protractedoperations in the Bass Strait and similarareasIn addition, but very important, the NavalReserves will be much enhanced in numbe'sand breadth of roleJanuary, 1967India tngate, UDAYGIRIby A. W.GRAZEBROOK,RS ONHMAS TOBRUK and LCHs. no nsp/acerrwnfs m sightFurther, and very significantly, die new consiruction submarine protect and light patrolmgate protect will ensure the devek>pment ofan Australian naval defence industry, far morecapable of equipping and supporting the RANthan at any time since World War IIAll that reads well However, there are someserious gupsAir cover.Amphibious warfare.Numbers, andPersonnel and standards of trainingOver the past fifteen years, the Navy Leaguehas devoted much attention to the problem(now lack) of certain types of vitally importantair cover Many hours of volunteer upaid labourwere devoted by the Navy League to theessential need for fighter cover for our Navy Atone stage of the Invincible saga, we felt successhad been achievedHowever, disaster intervened Now Navy hasno fully integrated fighter cover The capabilitiesof the RAAF are severey limited by range, bythe muhi role nature of the FA 18s. by theattitude of the Canberra leaders of the RAAFand by the lack o) an effective combinedmaritime command and control structureUnless this is changed, and there it no Sign ofthis 25 yea" bom now, (as todayl. Navy willonly be able to operate in waters out of range ofhostile shore or earner based aircraftr- this context, we must recognise that there.in- now two regionally owned aircraftearners (apart from those that can be movedin by distant powers) and that regional Powersare acquiring longer ranged shore based aircraft— in one case, the longest ranged aircraft available in the world today The walets in whichthe RAN can operate will be dangerouslyconfinedAustralia's amphibious warfare capability hasalready been emasculated by the reduction toteserve of the LCHs and the removal of HMASTOBRUK to a base at Sydney - far from thetroops with whom she would have to workUnder the Dibb recommendations, neitherTOBRUK. nor the LCHs will be replaced whenthey reach the end of their service lives Thelack of such a capability will mean that wecannot even land vehicles on our own territory,except through a fully equipped portWhilst we will have good ships, submarinesand helicopters we will lack sufficient numbersto hold our own in the region For examplePage Twenty-five

27navies sail.the seven seas with SignaaLThe familiar Signaal dome onwarships is a symbol of ultimateweapon control. Signaal, a leaderin radar and controTsystems (ormilitary and civil applicationsaround the world, is a mem her otthe Philips international group olcompanies.Suppliers to 27 naviesincluding the Royal AustralianNavy and others in the Pacificregion, Signaal maintains anindustrial presence in Australia atthe Defence Electronics Facility atPhilips Moorchank plant in NSW.Signaal and Philips are ideallyplaced to service Australia's futuredefence needs with systemsmeeting the most stringentoperational requirements andin-country facilities providingAustralian Industry Involvementand on-going support in line withgovernment policy.@ SIGNAALPhilips Defence Communication Systems15 Blue Street. North Sydney, 2060Phone (02) 922 0181even with ihe much greater operational availability ol the six new submarine, we will nothave enough to have mote than one at sea onone coast and two on the other at any onetime We would have enough to give a goodaccount of ourselves in a short conflict, over alonger period of even limited conflict we wouldbe vulnerable Providing greater number* ofships, aircraft and submarine* is a mattei ofmoneyProviding the extra personnel foi thosegreater numbers of ships, etc is a much morecomplex and difficult taskWhilst most of us accept the heavy priorityemphasis that Defence and Government haveplaced on the acquisition of long lead timeequipment, we must also recognise that this hasbeen m part at the expense of personnel andrelated aspectsThus, we find the Chief of Naval Staffwriting, in "Navy News", of October 31 lastyear that "Manpower is our Number OneProblem" Part of the causes are governmentpolicy - no additional civilian ot uniformedpersonnel are allowed, none whatever (or anyreason whatever Other causes areunintentional In spile of high unemployment incivilian life personnel are leaving the Navy inloo great numbersThe more people who leave, the greater isthe recruiting effort required to replace themWorse still, the more new entries, the greater isthe number of key personnel required to trainthe new entries Therefore, there are fewerpeople to man the "sharp end" of Navy — theReel and frontline helicopter squadronsThen, new types of ships, submarines andAircraft require retraining of existing personnelLimited numbers mean personnel beingretrained cannot be leplaced in the Fleet Fuelrestrictions limit operational training timeAll these factors lead, in turn, to fallingstandards of operaticnal training This is an areain which the RAN still retains the lead in ourregion That lead will be lostDEALING with the shortage in themanagement sense is not easyNevertheless, much is beini; achievedin alleviating the problem The really worryingaspect is that Defence seems unable to determine the basic cause of named people leavingthe Sen/tees early Unless, and until the causeof the problem is determined, an effectivesolution cannot be implementedTo the outsider some of the problems seemto have obvious causes For example, there isgreat difficulty in getting enough people tovolunteer for submarines Yet. in a time of perpetual inflation, the submarine allowance hasnot been reviewed in seven years'"Other problems involve not unly Navy butthe other two Services as well The taxing ofreservists' pay can be charitably described asunwise Downright stupid, would be a moreobjective description of a measure which, tosave a small sum. caused a mass exodus andresulted In spending a sum many limes largeron recruiting and (taming the replacementsIt may be argued (hat the personnel problemis short i.-rni and thus should be excluded froma preview of the RAN twenty-live years fromnow It can be argued more cogently that,unless and until it is clear that the causes of. andsolution to the problem have been identifiedthe piobk-m will be with us twenty five yearshenceAll these aspects, material and manpowergood and disappointing, will influence theRAN. twenty five years from nowHowever, there is one further concern, theparamount concern which must have • profoundly adverse influence on the RAN and thedefence of AustraliaThat concern is the fotmulation of thenation's defence strategy There are some veryseriouserrorsDuring this writers discussions with manymembers of the ADF. it has become clear thatalmost all thinking people in the ADF believethat the strategy of demal is inadequate -deterrence must play a much greater roleAt the more detailed level, there Is strongevidence that key areas ol our strategy formulation are based on dangerously optimistic assessmentsof our positionFor example, the Dibb Report quotes theStrategic Basis as stating that our vital coastalseaborne trade is vulnerable, but gives anoption to coastal shipping as alternative modesol ishorel transport Yet one nuimi oil companyhas since written to the Department ol Defencethat. "We are certain It is not feasible, eithernow. or in the foreseeable future to move theexisting volumes of petroleum crudes andproduct around the Australian coast by landbased modes of transport *Another major oil company advised Defencethat it "would require five hundred road tankersto deliver each and every day. )ust to maintainproduction" at one relatively small refinery Theletter goes on to highlight problems ol usingpipelinesTiE plain fact is that sea transport is used!o move oil products around Australiabecause it is the most economic methodHigh though the cost of defence may be. itmakes far more sense to pay the defenceinsurance premium than to pay the massivecost penalty of thousands of uneconomic trucksto use every day during peace timeYet this fact is not recognised at nationalstrategy-making levelTo compound this, overseas trade has beenlargely dismissed as not worth defending in theStrategic Basis (as Quoted in the Dibb Report)The astonishing specific implication is made thata loss ol 'only |!V)" 3% ol GDP. due to attackson overseas trade, would be acceptableLast, but by no means least. India is notregarded by the Department of Defence as aregional Power India's very considerable andever growing offensive capability is thus disregardedin formulation of our force structureIndia has ten submarines Her modernisationprogramme is ahead ol ours — her two newestsubmarines are a generation newer than ourOberons Furthermore. India will have twentysubmarines in service in the early 1990s Herexisting ten boats have the endurance to keepfive boats off our coasts at any one time Indiahas two aircraft carriers, with supporting underway replenishment ships and escort Yet. lorstrategy formulation purposes, the Departmentof Defence does not regard India as a regionalPower, and thus disregards IndiaThe equipment planned for Navy will offerour Officers and Sailors a rewarding career atthe personal levelHowever, a nation which gets Its strategywrong, which Ignores Inescapable, althoughunwelcome tacts. Is In deep defence trouble.The facts outlined above demonstrate thatwe have our maritime defence strategy badlywrong.Page Twenty-sixDefenceCommunicationSystemsPHILIPSAHtARNSOS'January, 1987bread it's frrresh!Health and Nutritious Breads,For Customer Enquiries Phone:71 3311FIELDER BAKERIESPRINCES HWY, UNANDERRA, NSW, 2526Official Suppliers to RANJanuary, 1987 THE NAVY Paga Twanty-aevan

SArriving in Hobart. October 8, 1986 (Hot** MWcurr)YDNEY (NSWI and its harbour Port Jackson have seen many (inlandinteresting ships in tin' almost 200 years since while colonist!arrived As a civilised haven in the 1800* Sydney was destinationlot surveying voyages, tea clippers, icebreakers, and the warships ot thosepowers or would be powers that v>ught to exercise influence in the Pacrfx-Ocean Visits by certain ships or groups of ships have gone into (he city scollective memory During the 1900*. among these ships, have beenthose of the US Great White Fleet, which visited Australian ports during1908. the British batilecruiser HMS Hood which arrived during the 1920sthe clandestine visits of the British Queens Queen Mary and QueenElizabeth — as they were converted into troopships in Sydney, and thenearned Australian and New Zealand troops to Europe in the days beforePearl Harbour, the arrival of earner USS Enterpnse. in 1964 [not the firstnuclear ship in the port!, the arrival ir. the mid seventies of the QueenElizabeth 2. and the vanous visits of other large naval vessels dunng trielast decade, among them USS America and HMS IllustriousCompeting with them for public attention and reaction, is one fine oldvessel that was placed in museum status long before most of today'spassenger liners and warships were designed At a time when Australiaand her people are becoming interested in the celebiattor of our BiCentenary at a time when a proportion of the population has at laststarted to query the run down of the Royal Australian Navy, the arrival ofthe vintage battleship USS Missouri virtually stopped Sydney Although27 warships and auxiliaries from hatf a dozen navies visited Sydney i" bepart of the celebrations of the RAN's 75th birthday. Sydney had eyes onlyfor Mighty Mo"The day before the old ship entered Port Jackson under thecommand of Captain J Carney. USN. she demonstrated the visual effectof a reduced broadside of her nine 16 inch guns Television camera crewson board and ir helicopters got the picture in full colour and Sydney wasagogThe following morning. Missouri entered port and something of the"magic" that the word "battleship" has had for generations ol people wasseen The foreshores of the port were thick with onlookers, the waters ofthe port a bobbing mass of small boats with those flying Australian andAmerican flags massively overpowering the whmging members of the'peace squadrons" (for which read. anti-US squadrons") The ships ofPaga Twpnty-e.ghtTHEthe RAN, and other navies, took part in the ceremonial review and on thefollowing days more than 200.000 Sydneysiders tried to look over theships Most of them headed for Mtssoun and the chaos was of massiveproportions with relatively feu people getting aboard, and many requiringmedical attentionOn the following morning. I pined Missouri as one of a group of justthree Australian "nders" to stay with the ship as far as Hobart in thesouthern state of Tasmania I left the RAN in 1968 as a Petty Ofhcer (USequivalent, POD. and since then have regularly written on things naval,including 10 years as Australian editorial contributor for Janes FightingShips, and three editions of a book on Oceanic naval forcesIn my naval time I served aboard .HI major categories of naval vessel,but had never so much as seen a battleship, let alone set foot on oneMSSOURI was on a world-girdling shake down CIU'SP and showedlittle sign of her 42 years of existence Her paint work waspristine, and there was no sign of rust painted over, as ts sometimes seen in the financially, and physically-strained. RAN I wasaccommodated in an officers' stateroom, with a recently -pined supplyofhcer The cabin's walls (screens 7 bulkheads?) did not reach fully to thedeckhead, apparently to allow air circulation in the days before airconditioning was fitted 1 did wonder at how flash would travel if the shipwas hit in this areaFor the next SO hours I wandered almost at will around Missouri Asthe big ship headed south, she fuelled from the British oiler RFA BayleafIt was interesting to notice that the tankeT earned and missile decoylaunchers, probably Corvus. on the after superstructure Missouri's bndgecrew became very concerned with Bayleaf's steering She regularlysheered towards and away from her "customer" during several hours andit was thought this might be a side effect of her bulbous bowSoon after disengaging from the tanker. Missouri worked up to 27knots in order to test some adjustments being made hy a civilian engineerteam that had joined in Hawaii Standing at what I would call the GunnerDirection Position about 50m above sea-level while travelling a flankspeed into a four metre sea and a 45 knot headwind, is a greatexperience, and one that ensures that one suffers little from sinuscongestion fi>r some hours' It was fascinating to note the damage controlNAVY January, 1987Paga Twenty-nine

,1 l inch DP mounts will be landed to make space^Space u something Missouri has much of Her WW2 complement ofaround 2,S(X) has dwindled to about 1 S(Xt Instead of massed racks ofwire bunks with not enough room for ihe occupants to roll over. Missourinow has ship bunks, two high, with bunk lights and base lockers lis nolpalatial, but it's not bad. and the "racks' are arranged lo provide anamount of privacy The crew cafetera. well aft in the hull, has tables withfour attached seals and a milkbar "gedunk" and shop are are nearbyClosed circuit TV provides movies ships news and official communicationsto all aboardUnder way Missouri is surprisingly wet This is explained by her longand narrow bow. provided to give the ship a several knot advantage overprevious US BBs The class was designed for war on the Pacific and nolIhe Atlantic It is said that in exercises m the North Atlantic in the 1950s.Missouri class BBs were unable to maintain sea speed like the RoyalNavy's HMS Vanguard Certainly, on the way south to Hobart, the ship'sloudspeakers regularly warned personnel to stay off the weather decksDuring ihe ntghi. several stanchions and a wooden ceremonial ladderwere canted away in sea conditions that barely caused the old girl to rollOverall impressions of Missouri are many and varied the thickness ofihe conning tower with bank vault type armoured doors protecting thevital controls 'B'oadway" a 200m long passage near the bottom of theship the analogue control "clock" (known in the RAN of the 50s as anAFCC — Admiralty Fire Control Clock) the friendliness and willingness todiscuss "their" ship, which I found in all ranks the plaque which marks thespoi where the surrender of Japan marked the end of WW2. all of Iheseproduced an indelible personal memory for which I am indebted toMissouri and her menEvery third week, Stateships is servicing Port Moresby and Lae.which is a continuation ot the North West and Darwin servicesTranshipment service is also available lo and trom the EasternStates and Tasmania A wide variety of container equipment isdesigned to handle dry and liquid bulk cargoes, heavy lifts up to70 tonnes, long lengths, prefabricated structures and roll-on/roll-off cargoes Stateships can transport it cheaper and saferCall head office or any agency lor detailsHEAO OFFICEPort Beach Roadadiacenl to No 2 BerthNorth QuayNorth FremantlePhono: (M| 430 0200Total: 92054MARKETING 4SALES AGENTMaritime Agencln of WA7 Collie Street. FremantlePhono: 109) 335 4211Ttlli: 92039EASTERN STATESAGENTSMelbourne — Patrick Agencies(03) 614 0333 Total: 30456Hobart — Associated ShippingAgency (002) 34 4(33 Telei58066 Burnie - Websler -ANL Ply Ltd (004) 30 2111Total: 59277.NORTH WEST AGENTSAND DARWINPort Walcott _ Won CoastShipping Agencln (091) IS 2121Telex: 991B8. 'roome — MarchTransport (091) 92 1121 Total:99354 Derby - Kable Agenclos(091) 91 1322 Tatai: 99441Wyndham — Conaust10"'., 01 1106 Total: 99056Kununurra - I N Colo(Representative! (091) 61 1555Talox: 99371. Darwin — BumsPhllp Agencies (098) 11 2901Total: 05047.PAPUA NEW GUINEAAGENTSPort Moresby - Bums Phllp(PNG) Ltd 22 9264. Fan 229231Tli 22116. Lao - Boras Phllp(PNG) Ltd 42 1315. Fan 42 3108Total 42510m/Me/hip/Western Australian Coastal Shipping CommissionMoving Freight for 74 years

RFA Argus:a new flexibilityTO meet the urgent need for a new Aviation Training Ship the UK'sRoyal Fleet Auxiliary ha* acquired a container ship for conversionWhen RFA ARGUS replaces the RFA F.NGADINF. this year she willby ANTHONY PRESTON. Naval Editor, Janes Defence Weeklynot only be larger than any ship in the Royal Navy, but will also bring anew flexibility to the Fleet Air ArmIn 1982. the RoRo container ship CONTENDER BEZANT was oneof a number of Ships Taken Up From Trade (STUFTl for service in theSouth Atlantic After a live day conversion she sailed for the war ione.carrying RAF Chinook helicopters and Harriers, as well as a large numberof vehicles After only one more round trip she was returned to her owner.Sea Containers, like the rest of the STUFT shipsIn the meantime, the RN had been considering the question of areplacement for the successful, but small aviation training ship ENGADINE, which is operated by the RFA Her role is to lake Sea King annsubmannewarfare helicopter* out to deep water for training, and therebyeliminating "dead time" spent flying to and from shore bases Early In1984, the decision was made to buy the CONTENDER BEZANT outright,at a price of about £13 million, and to convert her to the air training roleSUPERSTRUCTUREA £50 million contract for the conversion was awarded to Harland &Wolff of Belfast, and after her purchase at Hamburg she arrived at theshipyard in March that yearThe biggest element of the conversion was the installation ol a completeblock of superstructure seven decks in height As a containet ship,she had been crewed by 32 officers and men. but as a Royal Fleet Auxiliary operating aircraft she would require accommodation for 254 officersand ratingsThe new superstructure would accommodate not only the civilianRFA crew (23 officers. 10 senior rates. 46 junior rates), but also a permanent RN detachment to run the operations room and communications (3officers, 11 senior rates and 24 tumor rates) and a squadron trainingdetachment from time to time (42 officers. 38 senior rales and 57 juniorrates)In addition to accommodation, the new block contains a spaciousoperations room equipped with displays (or air surveillance and the controlof fixed and rotary-wing aircraft The equipment includes an actioninformation organisation IAIO) system based on Racal-Decca's CANE andwhat may be the Link 11 automatic data link A deck above is thecommunications centre, and there are in addition, a computer roomaircrew briefing rooms, magazines for air defence weapons, etcThe main sensor is a Pfessey Type 994 surveillance radar, backed upby two smaller sets, one for navigation and the other dedicated to aircraftcontrol The ship is also to be equipped with a Type 182 torpedo decoy,and will have Sea Gnat decoy-launchers to port and starboard Her armamentincludes two single BMARC 20 mm and two twin BMARC 30 mmguns, the 20 mm guns are at the forward end of the superstructure, whilethe 30 mm mountings are at the after endThe original machinery, twin Pietstick 18PC2.5V dtesels. remain, butthey will run on standard dteso light distillate, rather than diesel oil Tomeet the naval requirement for two-compartment flooded stability, theengine room has been subdivided by a new continuous watertight bulkheadbetween the main and auxiliary engine rooms, and another at theforward end of each shaft tunnelThe hold is only some 46 cm above the waterline. and to provide agood measure of resistance to battle damage three 9 75 x 6 1 m slidingwatertight doors have been fitted to the hangar deckTo reduce the ship's initial stability (which gave her an uncomfortablyrapid roll and would have hampered aircraft operations} it was necessaryto put a large amount of weight back into the hull, as high as possibleHarland & Wolffs designers hit on the idea of using the original hatchcovers, upturned and filled with cement — an expedient which accountedfor about 1.800 tonnesIn her original stale, the ship had a large overhead gantry for handlingcontainers, but this was removed, leaving only the original trackway as acatwalk along either side o( the flight deck The port side funnel wasremoved, and a new enlarged starboard funnel casing has replaced theoriginal >n the starboard sideA new flight deck has been built in sections The original deck hasbeen extended by 2 m over the stern, and beneath it is a full-widthsponson for working mooring and towing wiresTo bring aircraft from the hangar, two large lifts have been provided,staggered to port and starboard, the starboard lift further forward.Designed by McTaggart-Scott, they are raised and lowered by cantileverarms at right-anglesto the side of the ship When lowered to the hangardeck, the cantilever arms fit into recesses, one of which is only a few centimetresabove an anxiliary machinery compartmentThe novel design of the lifts is to circumvent a long-standing problem,that of moving aircraft i.i the hangar, the absence of struts at the corners ofeach lift simplifies the problem to a great degreeThe removal of the port funnel has meant that diesel exhausts had tobe re routed The ship is fitted with passive flume stabilisers, and thisnecessitates a complex of transverse piping below the hangar deck Aircraftworkshops, stores and magazines are arranged along the starboardside of the hangarREPLENISHINGIn addition to 1000 m' of avcat for aircraft, the snip has been fittedA.with tanks for 4436 m of dieso This allows for replenishing other ships atsea which will be done via the aircraft crane on the flight deck (port side,abaft the superstructure)As built the ship had two side doors, giving access to a vehicle deck.Most of that deck now forms the floor of the hangar so the starboard doorand ramp right forward have been sealedHowever, the after starboard door and ramp have been retained,giving the ship a limited ability to embark vehicles, artillery and trailers fora Royal Marine commando With camp beds in the hangar It will be possible.In an emergency, to lift a large part of an RM Commando.The ship's complement of aircraft will vary with operational and trainingrequirements In her normal helicopter training role she will embark sixSea Kings or. eventually, the EH 101 helicopter, but she Is also capable ofembarking up to 12 Sea Harriers, either in small numbers as an auxiliarycarrier, or the full outfit as a ferry carrier.Hangar clearances are wide enough to permit RAF Chlnooks to beembarked as well, when neededAn artist's impression of RFA ARQUS. showing her massive block ofThe tack of a ski-jump limits the fuel and payload of Sea Harriersforward superstructure, housing accommodation and operationaltaking off. so the ship cannot be regarded as a substitute (or a "core force"areas The ship beasts a clear sweep with her n3 5m flight deck IPUOK>— ftoftf HMl AuHIU.flof INVINCIBLE class carriers On the other hand, she is Ideal as a "sparePaga Thirty-two THE NAVY January, 1907deck" to enhance the range and versatility of Sea Harriers and helicopterswhen operating with an under way replenishment group or small (askforceNo matter what use is made of the ship in a military role, her comprehensiveoutfit of communications. AIO and maintenance equipment givesher the ability to operate with regular warships Her other attributes, largefuel capacity and limited amphibious warfare capability give her additionalflexibility in naval operationsThe ship is undoubtedly much more capable than the ENGADINERN sources suggest that she may prove so useful that she will spend moretime in operational roles than in pure trainingThe new auxiliary, to be commissioned as RFA ARGUS incommemoration of the RN's first flush decked aircraft canter, was undeckedin August Following contractors' trials she is expected to behanded over to the RFA early this year As a training ship, she will bebased at Poriland. Dorset, under the control of Flag Officer Sea TrainingFALKLANDSAlthough RFA ARGUS has yet to prove herself, all concerned withher have no doubt (hat she will prove a great asset in service What shedoes prove beyond any doubt is the real lesson of STUFT shipping in theFalkland* (Malvinas) conflict Whereas many commentators believe thatmerchant ships can be rapidly converted to a configuration which makesthem the equal of warships, exactly the opposite is true, most STUFTships had severe weaknesses, particularly in their resistance to the slightestunderwater damageThe STUFT conversions showed how many problems had to beJanuary, 1997solved, particularly the needs of a much-enlarged complement, in termsnot just of accommodation but sanitary and messing requirements. Eventhe comparatively elaborate post-1982 conversion of RFA RELIANT,using the US Navy's prototype ARAPAHO flight deck and hangar has notbeen an outstanding success and the ship has been taken out of serviceThe ARGUS conversion shows that an elaborate conversion andadaptation of mercantile hull yields a quasi warship with great flexibility.but without the weaknesses inherent in a rapid STUFT conversion Thecost is consider able, but even if the tola! cost of ARGUS rises from £63million to £100 million, she is far cheaper than a carrier of the INVINCI­BLE classFor the future, a sister of CONTENDER BEZANT could be bought, tomeet the RN's need for additional auxiliaries, particularly in the amphibiousrole According to the builders, it might even be cost-effective to builda third ship to the same design, but reconfigured "from the keel up"SPECIFICATIONS OF RFA ARGUS22.256 locum (standard). 28.063 tonnat (lull: 175.12 m loal. 160 m Ippl) » 30.4 m x 8 19 m2-ihart dknal. 23. 400 Hip • 20 M Imax)12 Sea Harrkm/8 Saa Harrfcm. 6 Saa Klngi, eicX: 4 x 30 mm (2 x 2). 2 x 20 mm (2 x 11MM: 2S4 (Including 137 all group)On a displacement ot 28.000 tonnes. RFA ARGUS could theoretically accommodate two Type 42 destroyers on her night deck.Thm OeerefrlM and RUotm ofTHE QUEENSLANDCOAST & TORRES STRAITPILOT SERVICEOffer Boat Wimhtta to theROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVY^%mPag* Thirty-three

Sparrows Among The HawksSbipkwd Rviaim oj Hie SmaSUbi Havm, I9I9-I939by Q. D. LAYMANHE story of the development of shipboard aviation between the world wars has been toldT repeatedly, but almost always from the standpoint of its major practitioners, Britain, Americaand Japan and usually linked to the history of the flight-deck carrier. Its more modest role in thesmaller navies has, in general, been ignored, although many of these fleets strove to develop ashipboard air arm within the limits imposed upon them. 1The most fundamental and obvious of those limits was economicFinancial restrictions ruled out the flight-deck carrier, the budget of asmall navy could not be stretched to afford a vessel so costly to build,equip, man and maintain, desirable although such a ship might beconsideredEconomics also accounts for the seemingly strange fact that manyaircraft of the smaller navies were of foreign manufacture and/or designThe aerial needs of a small navy did not generate a significant marketdemand for such a highly specialised product as the naval airplane Sucha craft would be purchased in so small a number as to make the expenseof designing, testing and manufacturing it a risky investment, even in anation with a developed indigenous aircraft Industry (which not allnations covered in this study possessed in the 1920s and '30s) It wastherefore usually expedient tor a small navy to obtain its aircraft from aforeign manufacturer that had suitable models in production (or couldreadily put them back Into production), or have foreign designs ofproven performance built domestically under licence This was also thecase with the shipboard catapult, a machine with an even more restrictedmarket, the only catapults seen on small-navy vessels in the 1930s wereof British. German and Italian manufacture.rhe economic factor became even more Influential during theworldwide depression of the early 30s As national budgets reeled underits impact, the flight-deck carrier became even more of an Impossibility,even the seaplane tender turned into a luxury item, and it Is noteworthythat not a single such vessel was placed on contract by a small navy after1931Economics aside, the development of shipboard aviation in thesmall navies, like naval aviation in general, was influenced bygeography, potential enemies, naval tactical thinking, and nationalpolitical and defence policy A navy with overseas colonial possessionsto protect, for instance, would find it useful to equip with aircraft itswarships that would have to function beyond range of Land-based planes(it would also favour the long-range flying boat, but that consideration isoutside the limits of this study) A navy designed purely for coastaldefence would, on the other hand, find the shipboard airplane of far less.The fortunes of shipboard aviation also were affected in severalnations by the establishment of independent air forces under whhichnavies lost operational and administrative control of thetr aircraft and airpersonnel Typically, the new force put Its naval commitment Into asmall-strength, shore or harbour-based "co-operation" unit In no casedoes there appear to have been a military or strategic need for the newservice; the Independent air forces were political creations generated bythe claims of "air power" propagandists Not all navies suffered by losingcontrol of their air branches In this manner — some of the co-operationunits performed very well — but all too often the new service becameindifferent to naval needsAs a result of all the foregoing factors, the pace, pattern and size ofshipboard air components varied considerably from nation to nationThe one common denominator was the seaplane, which In the absenceof the flight-deck carrier was the only type of aircraft that could functionfrom a ship, rhe total disappearance of the naval seaplane for the pastthree decades has often caused the importance accorded it between theworld wars to be forgotten. But for most of that period it was regarded asa virtually equal partner of the carrier-based landplane. and during the1920s it had not yet begun to lag so drastically behind the landplane inperformance — a gap that was to start to doom it during World War IIalthough it still played a useful role to the very end of that conflictFor the smaller navies, then, shipboard aviation was a modest affairof seaplanes carried by warships and/or auxiliaries, only in a fewInstances by special vessels. Sometimes the ships were modified — frommoderately to drastically — to suit them for carnage and operation ofaircraft, but very often not. With that in mind, let us take a took at theaircraft earned by ships of the small navies and at the ships thai carriedthemIfWQENTINflI 1928 six British Faltey IMF Mk IIIM floatplane- were ordered loruse on the battleships MORENO and RIVADAV1A which carriedthem at times although lacking catapults These aircraft were alsooperated occasionally by the Italian-built cruisers ADM] RANTE BROWNThe Australian National Line. Making waves.There's a confident new look about ANL as it meets thechallenges of a highly competitive industry in Australia andoverseas.Today's ANL offers clients efficient, diverse servicesservices we'll expand and improve even further.Our fleet has been rationalised and streamlined Newmanagement has been appointed and commercial strategiesdeveloped to sharpen our competitive edge. Our ShippingAgencies and Terminals and Stevedoring divisions are nowseparate trading entities, each aggressively promoting theirPage Thirty-lourrespective agency and terminal services to other shipping lines.as well as ANL.An efficient, innovative and competitive Australianshipping industry can provide more jobs 3S tor for Australians asnore ashoreand at sea. As Australia's national earner.ANL has a vital role to play in thereuitalisation and future growthof the industry. ANLToday's ANL-your ANL-is £•,££*; ISS 11 **shipshape and ready for the challenge ww-. VO»KM ?r ~r * Tft mtm Trtr. AAJOM4 »THE NAVY January, 1987January, 19(7I A ARGENTINA Note Seagull V emboritedTHE NAVY

SHELL PAPUA NEW GUINEAPTYLTDPort Moresby — Lae — Rabaul — HoniaraSHELL FIJI LTDSuva — Apia — Nuku' AlofaSOCIETE SHELL PACIFIQUENoumea — Port Vila — SantoSHELL (PACIFIC ISLANDS) LTDPago Pago — Guam — MicronesiaServing the Australian Defence Forces throughout the South PacificTelephone: (03) 609 5671Inserted in the interests of Australia s DefencePage Thirty-six THE NAVY January, Vand VEINTE CINCO DE MAYO ahei the vessels' delivery ,n 1931 Thecruisers were originally equipped with fined catapults on Ihe forecastle inIhe manner of many Italian cruisers ol Ihe period, with aircraftaccommodation on the deck below Unlike the IIIFs so widely employedm the British Navy, ihe Argentinian Eaireys were powered by 450 hpLorraine LVmch engines They were later re englned with 560 hpArmstrong Panthet VI radials. changing their appearanceThese planes were unpopular, being unwieldy and slow and ateast once ,n 1932 ADMIRANTE BROWN embarked an AmericanVought 02L1 IA floatplane Either or both cruisers also earned BritishSupermanne Walruses from lime to time 'Dunng modification of the cruisets at the Puerto Belgrano NavalArsenal in 1943 the vessels' fixed catapults were removed and replacedby midship turntable catapults the fotecastle hangar being converted tocrew quarters, and midship aircraft handling ctanes installed Thereafterthe cruisers carried Amen, in Grumman JF 2 amphibians from a groupof eight putchased before World War II Nominal aircraft capacity wastwo but it appears that lack of accommodation space tesultcd tn onlyone being earned normallyThe Bnnsh built ciuiset LA ARGENTINA came equipped with acatapult and two Supermar.ne Seagull V amphibians fas the ubiquitousWalrus was first called! upon dellve-y in 1939 This equipment wastelained until the 1950s, but was temoved before the ship went int..inactive reserve for eventual discardBAUSTRALIAY Ihe end of World Wat I three ships of the Royal AustralianNavy serving with Ihe British Giand Fleet were equipped with= , *£Z£L ~ '*"b "" e ""'"' AUSTRALIA and Ugh. cruisersMELBOURNE and SYDNEY (Earlier, the Ikjht cruise, BRISBANF hadearned a seaplane briefly while searching for the German commercetaidet WOLF I Then planes were left behind when Ihe RAN shipsreturned to home waters postwar, pending formation of an Australiannaval an armIn 1920. a Brtlish Avro 504K floatplane ol Ihe Australian Army AirCorps was experimentally carried by AUSTRALIA, being transferred toMELBOURNE when the battle cruiser paid off Difficulties of operationunder tropical conditions caused ihe experiment to be abandoned inNovember 1920 The next year the first specifically Australian navalaircraft were acquired - s«x Fairey HID floatplanes that went Into servicew,th the newly formed Royal Australian Air Force, successor to theArmy Air Corps One of these was operated by the ex-British sloopGERANIUM (transferred to the RAN in 1919) dunng survey work alongthe Great Bamer ReefThe IIIDs were the aircraft the RAN seaplane carrier ALBATROSSwas originally designed to operate and some ol that ships dimensionsand internal arrangement were detetmined by their size and weightALBATROSS, although designed by the Directorate of NavalConstruction In Br-ialn was built in Aushalia She was essentially a moremodern version of the Bntlsh ARK ROYAL of 1914 - toomler fasletbetter armed, better arranged for aircraft carnage and handling althoughfinancial strictures prevented initial installation of Ihe catapult she wasdesigned to mount 'By Ihe lime ALBATROSS was commissioned. January 1929the Fairey floatplane, had been replaced by six Supermarine Seagull IIIHying boats, and these formed Ihe new vesselss aerial complement Onesimilat plane, a Wackett Widgeon, was also embarked bnelly for nials inJanuary. 1987THEHMAS ALBATROSS1929 Although thtee mote Seagull Ills were acquired laie. by 1931 iheudeteriorating performance made it apparent that a reptacemenl wasneeded. In the inletim ALBATROSS operated only (our ol themNo replacement anctafl had amved by 1933 when, lor financialreasons. ALBATROSS was placed in reserve at Sydney, where sheremained lor the next live years Met Seagulls were transferred to theheavy cruisers AUSTRALIA and CANBERRA, which still lackedcatapults and had to handle them by craneALBATROSS was not entirely inactive during hei reserve penndbut served as a maintenance, luelling and mooring has*' for seaplanes inSydney harbour In early 1936. as a preliminary to recommissioningshe was finally fined with a catapult and with it carried out trials ol theSupeimarlne Seagull V llaler called the Walrusl RAN requirementreportedly figured in the design of this aircraft. 24 of which were orderedby Australia soon alter Ihe prototype lust llew in 1933 Seagull Vsleplaced the Seagull Ills on AUSTRALIA and CANBERRA aflei Ihecruisers were equipped with catapults in 193S and 1936 respectivelyAlthough six Seagull Vs wete assigned lo ALBATROSS, heiproposed recommissioning was abandoned and she was transferred tothe Royal Navy In part paymenl fot the light ctuiset APOLLO, renamedHOBART in the RAN The catapult equipped HOBART, along wilhlight cruisers SYDNEY (exPHAETONl and PERTH lex AMPHIONl allcarried singk- Seagull Vs alter then Itansfet to Austtalia from Ihe RoyalNavyAlthough designed to accommodate nine alrcralt. ALBATROSSnevei earned more than six while in Auslialiar, service, not until eatly1942. while serving with the RN. did she embark a lull complement olnineTCANADAIE Royal Canadian Navy lacked an air arm from 1919. when theRcyal Canadian Naval Ait Service established ihe previous yearwas disbanded, until after World War II. and did not possess anaviation vessel until the aircraft carrier WARRIOR was transferred fromthe Royal Navy in 1946In 1934. however. Canadian attention was attracted lo a proposedsmall but fast seaplane earner designed by John I Thorneycroft and Coas a private venture This was a 3000 ton. 28 knot vessel to be armedwith three 4 7 inch guns and four light AA guns and carry sevenseaplanes Aircraft were to be launched from a forecastle catapult andrecovered either by an aft crane or by Hem mat drawn up an inclinedramp reaching to the waterline at the extreme stern Plans for this vesselwere requested by the Canadian navy's chief of staff, but lack of fundsruled out any serious consideration of constructionACHILEMONG the small number of aircraft acquired by Ch.le'sSERVICIO DE AVIACTION NAVAL soon after itsestablishment in 1919 were British Short 184 and SopwithBaby floatplanes, but a report in BRASSEY'S that one of the Shorts wasembarked on battleship ADMIRANTE LATORRE In the 1920s forexperiments with aerial spotting for gunfire has been denied Howeverthe old armoured ciuiser GENERAL OH1GGINS did carry one or moreof the Babies brieflyA turntable catapult was mounted on ADMIRANTE LATORREsquarterdeck during her 1929-31 modernisation in Great Britain, and thebattleship subsequently carried a Fairey IMF. four of which were stationedNAVYP»»je Tr.lrty-.wvwi

IBM offersa unique guarantee.VNill (infillon every product.Chinttt Nan- NING HAIR No 2plantdt Quinteto. the naval air arm s main base, lot Heel co-operation duneswith the Chilean Air Force established in 1930 The catapult wasremoved before the battleship was discarded after World War II Earlier,one of the UIFs was canted bv the submarine depot ship ARAUCANOCCHINAHINA possessed two small seaplane carriers tlunny the 1930s —the TEH SHENG and WEI SHANG 932 ion gunboats launchedin 1922 and converted ca 1929 30 by removal of aftsuperstructure to provide an accommodation deck for two aircr.it! to behandled by crane Neither however, embarked an aircraft before boihwere sunk as blockships in ihe Yangtse River on November 18. 1937.during the frghnng with Japan 'An arrcraft hangar was a faatufc of the small cruiser NING HAIcompleted in 1932 in Japan, but was [•muted from her sister. PING HAI.completed in 193b in SHANGHAI Two aircraft were constructed for thevessel Designated NING HAI No 1 and No 2 ReconnaissanceSeaplanes, they were 130hp single seat unarmed folding wingfloatplanes Trie first reportedly was built in Aichi Kokuki K K in Japan,although the design has been credited lo the Kiang Nan Dry Dock Co.which constructed the secondBoth were reportedly embarked by the NING HAI and took part inmanoeuvres with the vessel It is doubtful that she earned aircraft beingtaken over by the Japanese navy, in whose service renamedIHOSHIMA. she was sunk by a US submarine in September 1944ADENMARKIRCRAFT occasionally used aboard ship by ihe Royal DanishNavy during the 1920s and '3s were twin-float monoplanes ofthe Ivpe designed by Ernst Heinkel for the German navy duringWorld War I Six of these. Hansa Brandenburg W29s given the DanishChinese TEH SHANG class seaplane earner, converted from gunboatsbut neuer employed at a carrierdesignation HM1 iHydroMonoplane No 1), plus a single GermanI Tis-'dnchslaven FF29 biplane, formed the 1st Luftflottila (Air Flotilla!organised in 1926 lor naval co-operation work The survey shipWILLEMOES was sometimes used at a tender for these planes, and oneHM1 was carried by the coast defence ship PEDER SKRAMIn 1928. the Heinkel He8 began lo replace the HMls. the last twoof which were retired in 193(1 The HeK. with the Danish designationHMII was an Improved modernised version of the basic W29 designTwenty two of them were acquired during 1928 38 The 1st Luflfiolillaoperated six to nine HMIU occasionally tended by the fishery patrolvessel BESKYTTFRENFrom 1934 to 1938 two to six Heinkels were employed inexploration and survey work In Greenland basing on the schoonersGUSTAV HOLM and GODTHAB During 1937 38 the fisheryprotection survey ship HVIDBJORNEN carried an HMII forphotographic surveys of Icelandic waters, and another was earned byINGOLF. a similar shipThe naval air arm was unable lo offer any resistance to the Germaninvasion of 1940 Its aircraft were placed in storage in Copenhagen,where they were destroyed by Danish saboteurs in 1943NETHERLANDSHE Royal Netherlands Navy's Manne Luchfuaortdiensr (MLD)was the largest naval air arm possessed by a minor power duringthe interwar years, nearly rivalling the serial services of someOn every IBM product, then? is a small metalplate. Printed on it are the three letters. IBM.For many Australian businesses, this is themost valuable pnidurt benefit we offer.Because, to them, it re|»rcsent.s assurance.Of product reliability.Of technical excellence are! support.Availability of advice and business planning.And an on-going, satisfying businessrelationship.It has done ever since International BusinessMachines opened in Australia more than 30 years ago.when we sold weighing scales and time recorders.Today our nameplate appears on computers.Our 3000 and 4300 series which an- among themost powerful and technically advanced in Australia.Ami on our errually advanced System/38.As well as on our small computers. System/23.Svstem/36 and the IBM H-rsonal Curnputer.It's on our typewriters, the Selectrio. whichrevolutionised typing. And our range of versatileelectronic typewriters.Its also on our new Displaywriler. tlie won!processor now sweeping Australia. And on ourplain paper copiers.Certain features of our products may becopied. But our nameplate. ami all the assurancethat goes with it, never can be.Danish INGOLF. 1937 An HM II floatpla-IBM AuwriUi Uimml IrxuqwJird .n NSW.January, 1967THE NAVYPage Thirty-nine

Hansa Brandenburg W12. a twin-float biplane ll was built undei licencein Holland by the Van Berkel firm, designated the Van Berkel WAProduction of an eventual 40 of these began in 1919. 20 of them servedin home waters and 20 in the Dutch East IndiesDespite the predominance of the WA. the first maiii Dutchwarships to carry aircraft, the light cruisers JAVA and SUMATRA, eachoperated a pair of Brittsh Fairey HID floatplanes acquired in 1924 Theirfloats were too fragile, however, to stand the heavy swells of the Indies,and after 1926 they were replaced on the cruisers by Fokker CVIIWfloatplanes, the first 12 of which were ordered that year Thereafter theCVIIW began to replace the WA. although the last Van Berkel was notphased out until 1932From the early 1920s to the late 1930s a number of Dutch warshipsearned seaplanes — either WAs. CVIIWs or both in succession — fromtime to time These vessels included (with the number of aircraft carriedin parentheses) the coast defence ship JACOB VAN HEEMSKERCK(two) training ship HERTOG HENDRIK (two), submarine depot shipPELIKAAN (two to four), minelayer SERDANG (two to three),gunboats FLORA and SOEMBA (one each) minelayers RIGEL andWILLEN VAN DER ZAAN (one each) and supply ship ZUIDERKRUIS(one) The SERDANG s sisters. ASSAHAN and SIBOGA. occasionallyserved as seaplane tenders before they were stricken prior to World WarIIThe great connection with: ,-Dutch gunboat FLORES or SOEMBA 'Ph.*.RNN>major nrtu.'- in number or aircraft (in fact, in number of shipboardaircraft during this period it far exceeded the Soviet Union)The MLP was officiate established in 1917. but the Dutch Navy hadbegun acquiring aircraft and naming aviators some years earlier One ofthe first four Dutch naval officers to obtain a pilot's licence In 191S wasKarel Doorman, later the tragic hero of the Battle of the Java SeaUnlike most other smaller navies that of the Netherlands waseventually able to operate almost entirely indigenous aircraft, thanksto the return to hts native land after World War 1 of aeronauticalengineer designer Anthony Fokker The FokkeT firm reestablished inHolland after turning out great numbers of aircraft lor Germany duringthe war soon became one of the world's great aviation companiesThe first seaplane to be operated by the MLD in quantity, however,was not a Fokker but another of Ernst Hemkel's wartime designs, theFokker C VIIW aboard DE RUYTER. the onlv Dutch cruiser fitted with acatapult (ph.*> RNVDutch training $h

PELANDOK by Ken Bullock A controversial and chillingAustralian military political drama All m all, a firstclass story — Douglas ReemanPublished byBROLGA BOOKS PTY LTD:41 Orsmond St- Hindmarsh. South Australia 5007GPO Box 568 Adelaide. S A 5001Tel (08) 340 0868 Telex AA88910in this story an Indonesian submarine is suspected of moving to a position where it canunleash its arsenal of nuclear-tipped missiles at an Australian city It happens sometime in themid 1980s hence it is a cola war situation The public are not informed of the threat, which inany event is thought to be short lived because anti-submarine forces from friendly nationsare helping Australia find

dt\ANNOUNCING THE TOTAL MARINE SERVICEJUBILEE ENGINEERING'A totally owned subsidiary of Howard Smith Limited)(Jubilee Engineering provides a comprehensive ship repairservice to coastal and overseas owned vessels This totalmarine service is available in Sydney and is supported bysubsidiaries in Melbourne and FrementleFOUNDATION MEMBER OF AUSTRALIAN SHIPREPAIRERS GROUPThe Howard Smith facilitate offer wall over a century ofa* experience In specialised repair work. Experience thathas Ita foundation In the commercial ehlp repair Industry,dating back to 1M4.AUTHORISED SPARES AND SERVICE AQENTS FOR84W flat* GOTAVERKEN X MITSUBISHIPLUS MODERN RECONDITIONING FACILITIESAND VERY SOON. EXCHANGE FACILITIESJulilee Engineering has developed a modern facility lor thereconditioning of high cost dlesel engine components suchas Pistons. Cylinder Covers. Exhaust Valve Spindles andSeats for the above range of engines In the near future itis planned to provide an exchange service torreconditioned component pansREPRESENTATIVES FORPHILADELPHIA RESINS (CHOCKFAST)SAREX OILY WATER SEPARATOR SYSTEMStMMET CATHODIC PROTECTIONAAAJUBILEEENGINEERING COMPANYmWHITEDWater Street, Blrchgrove, NSW, 2041PO Box 144, Balmain, NSW. 2041Telephone. (02)810 0115After Hours, 810 01 ISTelex, Hosbay AA27418BRAMBLES MARINEAND ENERGY SERVICESA Division of... BRAMBLES INDUSTRIES LIMITEDProviding Sptlollnd S.rvlc. to. . . COMMERCIAL SHIPPING AND THEOFFSHORE OIL AND CAS INDUSTRY• MARINE TOWAGE• HARBOUR LIGHTERAGE• DEEP SEA DIVING & ENGINEERING• SUPPLY BOATS SERVICESFOR ENQUIRIES AND SERVICE -BRAMBLES MARINE AND ENERGY SERVICESUnderwood House. 37 Pitt Street, Sydney, NSW 2000Telephone: 231 8222 Tsh»7W71Page Forty-tour January, 1987two-seat pusher-engine monoplane amphibian, reported to have had"admirable handling characteristics in the air and the water " It isunclear whether the A 2 was still intended for shipboard use in 1939.but in any event the single example was destroyed dunng the Germaninvasion later that year, (here are varying versions of its lossAlthough Poland never possessed an aviation vessel, a small earnerwas inctuded in a proposed naval construction programme drawn up forthe Geneva Conference of 1936 Its sketchy particulars are reported as4.500 tons displacement with eight 6-inch guns and a speed of 35 knotsLike other ships of the programme, the carrier was purely a paperprotect — apparently intended to give Poland some poti'ical weight atthe conference — and it is unlikely that any serious design work on itwas ever undertakenPPORTUGALORTUGAL'! Auiocao Navai. although employing seaplanesprimarily, did not operate aircraft from shipboard until nearly twodecades after its formation in 1917 Had economic factors notintervened, however, the Portuguese navy might have possessed aseaplane earner the equal of Australia's ALBATROSSSuch a ship was included in a 10-year naval constructionprogramme authorised in a decree issued by the Council of Ministers onJuly 17. 1930 The canter's specifications included a complement of 12aircraft, six of them operational and accommodated in a topside hangar,six stowed in reserve The ship was to mount a catapult, have aneconomical cruising speed of 14 knots and be capable of 10.000 nauticalmiles at 10 knots Armament was to be four 4 7 inch (120 mmj or 5 inch(127 mm) guns (the calibre to be determined by decisions in a destroyerprogramme proceeding in parallel) with 200 rounds per gun. lour 3 inch176 mm) 50 calibre with 400 rpg. and four 40 mm AA pom-poms with1000 rpg A quite detailed complement was specified a captain, fiveother officers, 12 chief petty officers and 80 enlisted men On theaviation side the complement was to include 12 pilots, a specialistengineer. 12 CPO and enlisted aviation mechanics and five CPO and 15enlisted workshop artificers The vessel was to carry 50 to 80 tons ofaviation qasoline. three to five tons of aero engine oil. 500 aircraft bombsand 200 000 rounds of aircraft machine gun ammunitionThe aircraft were to be folding-wing "hydroplanes" (ie. seaplanes)fitted with "double machine guns", cameras and radio, and capable ofcarrying two to four 100-pound bombsThe ship's specifications indicate that, like ALBATROSS, it wouldhave been essentially an up-to-date version of Britain's 1914 ARKROYAL There are hints lhat it would have possessed the longaircraft-handling forecastle of those vesselsIt is difficult to reconcile the aircraft specifications with any planesthen possessed by the Aviacao Navol. but they are vague enough toapply to any number of naval aircraft then available on (he world marketand doubtless would have been filled by foreign purchase However, atthis time the Portuguese navy had eight French CAMS 37A amphibiansand six Italian Macchi M1H flying boats capable of shipboard useOn December 2. 1930. the Portuguese Ministry of Marine issuedrequests for bids on vessels of the initial instalment of the constructionprogramme, which besides the carrier Included two submarines and two"second-class scout cruisers" (actually sloops or gunboats), wtth adeadline for receipt of February 2. 1931 The Italian firm of Cantien delJanuary, 1987THEPortuguese BARTOLOMEU DIAS m 19.16 Note the Hawker OspreiAdnatico. Monfalcone. was awarded the earner contract In September1931 it was announced that (he vessel was to be named SACADURACABRAL. honounng a premiere Portuguese naval aviator killed in acrash in 1924 soon after having made a record setting flight from Lisbonto Rio de JaneiroThe Italian yard worked up characteristics of the carrier, which wereannounced as displacement of 5.100 Ions (condition not staled),dimensions of 407 by 57 feet (124 by 17 5 metres), four Yarrowwatemibe boilers and geared turbines yielding 14.000 hp for a maximumof 22 knols The armament apparently was still in a state of flux, for thecontract reserved the Portuguese right to have 6 inch guns substituted forthe smaller-calibre main battery, the design to be structurally compatiblewith either weaponUnfortunately, the contract also stipulated thai the constructionprice was to be paid in British pounds sterling, and a sudden tall in thepound's value in early 1932 caused the shipbuilder to rescind theagreement Thus, once again, the pernicious influence of worldeconomic conditions on shipboard aviation was demonstratedNevertheless, the ships, including the earner, were again put up forbid. with a deadline for submission of June 8. 1932 Offers reportedlywere made by British. Italian. French. Dutch and Spanish builders, butthe deadline was allowed to pass without the award of a contract for thecarrier Finally on December 3, 1932. the Portuguese governmentdecided to abandon alt consideration of a seaplane earner "Consequently, the only Portuguese naval aircraft to see shipboarduse were two British Hawker Osprey III reconnaissance-fighterfloatplanes acquired in 1935 to equip the new sloops ALFONSO DEALBUQUERQUE and BARTOLOMEU DIAS (Six other Ospreyswere purchased later for harbour-based operations I The sloops hadbeen ordered from the Italian firm of Odero-Term Orlando, but theircontract had been cancelled at the same time as lhat for SACADURACABRAL and probably for the same reason They were re-contracted toa British builder. R & W Hawthorn, Leslie & Co This firm modifiedtheir design, so that it is unclear whether provision for aircraft aboardthem was originally intended Use of Ospreys was abandoned longbefore the sloops reached the end of their service lives *SSPAINPAIN'S Aeronoulico Navaie had the distinction of being the first airarm of a minor navy to boast of an aviation vessel between theworld wars, and the ship was the only one of Its kind to take partin combat during that periodThis vessel was one of six German merchantmen interned in Spainduring World War 1 that were ceded to Spain postwar in partialreparation for mercantile losses They were given the Interimdesignations ESPANA NO 1 through ESPANO NO 6 NO 6. theformer NEUNFELS built in Britain In 1901. was turned over to theSpanish navy and rebuilt in Barcelona as a seaplane-balloon carrier,emerging In May, 1922. wtth the name DEDALO in tribute to thelegendary originator of human flightDEDALO was well and Ingeniously equipped for her new role, witha seaplane handling deck aft above a hangar deck Her aircraft werehandled by booms from parallel masts just aft of the single funnel Themidships superstructure housed a hydrogen plant for two captive kiteballoons The most unusual feature was a tall airship mooring mast at theextreme bow Thb could be. and was. utilised by the small naval airshipsNAVYPage Forty-IIve

A|jLh DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE'-siSKiiiii--'^ ^GARDEN ISLAND DOCKYARDSUPPORTING THE NATION'S DEFENCE EFFORTGarden island Dockyard has a proud history dating back to the 1850s Indeed. "The Island" >s the Royal AustralianNavy's principle base and its birthplaceNow m the throes of a majcx modernisation program which will take 20 years to implement at a cost of about $190million, the dockyard has developed unparalielled experience m the repair, overhaul and modernisation of a variety ofsophisticated weapons and communicaittons systems on board RAN ships.Under Garden island's Ship Repair Program over the next tour years, two major projects dominate. They are:• modernisation of three DDG Ships which began last year with HMAS Brisbane and will wind up in 1990 when HMASHobari is completed• conversion of three FFG guided missile frigates (CANBERRA. SYDNEY and ADELAIDE), to enable them to operatethe new generation Sikorsky SEAHAWK helicopters. This work will be done concurrently with ship refits.The DDG Proiect represents a large engineering undertaking involving a large scale upgrading of the ships' combatsystems along with many other improvements and modifications to the propulsion, electrical systems and living areas.This protect will significantly enhance the operation capability of these shipsThe FFG conversion project includes.• the installation of tin stabilizers which will greatly improve the sea-keeping qualities of these fighting ships.• enlargement of the flight deck by extension of the stern, and• the installation of a helicopter recovery and handling (WRAST) system which will permit helicopter operations insevere sea state conditions.The dockyard is one ot 14 Government establishments run by the Office ot Defence Production (ODP) within theDepartment of Defence which provide commercially oriented industrial support for the Australian Armed ForcesFor further information about ODP. its programs and products, contact:Assistant Director Public RelationsOffice ot Defence ProductionConstitution AvenueCanberra ACT 2000Telephone (062) 65 2999FMC CHAINS PTY LTDFt*All anchor and marine chains. Chains size 6 mm-83 mm, stud link, short, Ion g and re gularlink, round and passing link Approved Testing House Lloyds of London, C )NV &N ATA340 THYNNE ROAD, MORNINGSIDE, QLDTelephone: (07) 395 5844, 399 1122Telex: 41822 FAMACAftCAOIA-CHEM PTV LTD(Incorporated in Victoria)(AQUA-CHEM DIVISION)SUPPLIERS OF DISTILLATION PLANTS TO DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY39 MALCOLM ROAD, MORDIALLOC, VICTORIA, 3195Telephone: (03) 580 1655CONTRACTORS TO THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCEOFMC1C CHAI NSSpanish DEDALO Inset Spanish Scarab aircraft, one of twelve m serviceSCA1 and SCA2 Built in 1922. these were 130 feet long and had agas volume of 53.000 cubic feet DEDALO thus shared with the USSPATOKA the distinction of being the only surface vessels ever speciallyequipped for moonng of airshipsDEDALO's nominal aircraft capacity was 25. but that figureprobably applied to the number that could be transportednon-operationally, photos indicate i.at no more than six to eightseaplanes could be ranged on the aircraft deck Her aircraft were InitiallyItalian Savoia S16 and Maccbi M18 flying boats, but these were replacedin 1924 by British Supermarine Scarab amphibian flying boats Twelveof these were purchased that year DEDALO proceeding toSouthampton to embark themWhile DEDALO was the Spanish navy's only mobile aviationvessel, two ancient warships were utilised as harbour-bound seaplanetenders and supply ships — the cruiser RIO DE LA PLATA anddestroyer AUDAZ (sister o' two vessels sunk at the Battle of Santiago in1898) Together with a pontoon like barge named COCODRILO usedfor the same purpose, they were permanently moored to a dock at theBarcelona naval air station Some smaller craft were also attached to thisstation as utility and crash boatsDEDALO was among the ships covering the Spanish troop landingat Alhucemas Bay in Morocco on September 3, 1925. at the start of theFranco-Spanish campaign against Abd el Krim's short-lived "Republic ofthe Riff" Her Scarabs flew reconnaissance, fire-spotting and bombingmissions during the operations that led to the capture of Ajir on October2 The two airships also took part, reportedly basing on DEDALObetween flights, and her kite balloons may also have been usedAlthough DEDALO's planes were credited with useful work atAlhucemas. they were often hampered by heavy seas that preventedtakeoff, pointing up the restrictions suffered by an aviation vessel lackingeither catapult or flight deck Consequently, the ship became almostentirely inactive upon her return lo Spain On March 7. 1934. however,she took part in an experiment with significance for the future when Juande la Cierva. inventor of the Autogiro, made a landing on and takeofffrom her deck in one of his craft at Valencia This, plus earlierland-based demonstration flights in which naval officers were tarried asobservers, led the Spanish navy to acquire two Cierva C30s and todispatch six officers to Britain for Aulogtro flight trainingBoth rotary-wing craft were used successfully by government forcesduring the suppression of the Astuhas upr.sing in October, 1934 Bothwere stilt in service when the civil war began in July, 1936. but saw nooperational use — probably because their pilots were killed early in theupheavalThe outbreak of the civil war prevented the scheduled breaking upof DEDALO Although in Republican hands, she remained inactiveduring the conflict, tied up at Sangunto. where she was damaged byaerial bombing and where she was found wnen the victoriousNationalists entered the port on March 29, 1939 She was towed toValencia (or scrapping, but broke in two and sank before work couldbegin The wreckage was blown up to clear the harbour, and DEDALOwas officially stricken on March 1. 1940 Her name was perpetuatedwith the rechnstening of the US carrier CABOT, transferred to Spain in1967 for use — interestingly enough in view ol the 1934 experiment —as a helicopter carrier.January. 1987THEThe civil war saw no use of shipboard aviation by cither side, foralthough catapults and aircraft were included in the design of the heavycruisers CANARIAS and BALEARES. the British ordeted catapults hadnot arrived when fitting out was hastily completed by the Nationalists atEl f-enolBALEARES was lost in I93H. and continued plans to fitCANARIAS with a catapult were abandoned when she finallyunderwent modernisation during 1952-53 Earlier, however, a catapultwas mounted on the light cruiser MIGUEL DE CERVANTES during her1940-46 reconstruction, and this vessel carried a German HeinkelHel 14 floatplane until the 1950sPART TWO WILL APPEAR IN OUR NEXT EDITION.BELLINGERINSTRUMENTSPTY. LTD.Defence Contractors• INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS• ELECTRONICS4-6 MURIEL AVENUE,RYDALMERE, NSW 2116P.O. Box 780Parramatta, NSW. 2150Phone: 684 1424CONTRACTORS TO THE DEPARTMENTOF DEFENCEP«g« Forty.wvan

Thanks far thepeace of mindWARSHIP ILLUSTRATEDNo. 4 - British Destroyers in World War II by H A BunNo. 5 - - Nuclear Powered Submarines K Paul BeaverNo. 6 - Soviet Navy Today by Milan VegoReview Copies from Capricorn Link. Sydney.Each number in this new series retails (or only $9 95 per volume asunique all picture paperbacks printed on high-quality gloss paperBasically the books are designed around 120 plus black and whitephotographs, all well captioned and for the submarine and Soviet volumes a special colour section is also includedThe "i'\i two numbers in the series to be released shortly will describeand illustrate British Destroyers of World War I and Aircraft Carriers o( theWorld 1914 45• WVIETNAM RIVER WARFARE. 1945-1975Bi Ll Col Victor Croitat. USMCRecieu Copy from Capricorn Link. Sydney.Priced at $14 95 this IbO page book tells the story of river warfare inIndo China moving troops and equipment on the "brown waterways" inVietnamThe book was originally published in hardback in 19H4 and titledThe Brown Water Navy'"Vietnam Rivet Warfare" is divided into four sectionsla) An historical perspectiveibi The Indo China War(cl The Vietnam War and(dl An overviewi*•*BATTLESHIPS & BATTLECRUSERS OF THEROYAL NAVY SINCE 1861Bi Cmdr B R. Coward. RNRevieu. Copy from T. C. Lothian, Melbourne.Cmdr Coward describes the significant features and illustrates 100years of British capital ships from WARRIOR and BLACK PRINCE m1861 62 to VANGUARD broken up in 1960 Each ship or class is allottedbrief historical and design notes, plus a table of ma(or specifications andconstruction datesSeparate appendices are devoted to embarked aircraft mam armament,principal actions and losses and the facts and figures relating tospeed broadsides complements and fighting rangesPrinted on high quality gloss paper, this book is a useful ready-referenceto some 160 plus British battleships and battU'crutsersSUBMARINES OF THE IMPERIAL JAPANESE NAVY.1904-1945By Norman Polmar and Dorr B. Carpenter.Review Copy from Conway Maritime Press."Submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy. 1904 1945" is the firstbook to describe each and every aspect of the Japanese submarine armThis incluf*« a comprehensive narrative describing the strategy and operationsfrom the early years through to 1945. followed by a "Janes" typepresentation of all Japanese submarines from the tiny Holland class in1905. through to the immense 1-400 aircraft carrying submarines built neatthe end of World War IIThe midget and suicide boats of 1939-45 are also assessed, as ereArmy submarines, submarine carriers and tenders, and finally, many ofthe torpedoes usedIllustrations are of a very high and unique standard, supported by asenes of scale drawings of many types The photograph on the back coverdepicts a Type A midge., four of which attempted to attack shipping inSydney Harbour on May 31-June 1. 1942The arttlsbip. the Regional Endeavour uas instrumentalIn tliscofering oil at Challis. Suijt and Skua. These recentstrikes bare confirmed the Timor Sea s potential as an oilproducing regionAs our seismic ships and drilling vesselscontinue the vital search for energy resourcesbeneath Australian waters, it is reassuring toknow that even here, beyond sight of shore,assistance is never Jar away.For 75 years our Royal Australian Navy hasbeen patrolling Australia s vulnerablecoastline. The result is peace and quiet, peaceof mind, peace...Wank youPetroteumPacja Forty-*>ight January, 1907|ii|1i. ^0HISTORICWILLIAMSTOWNNAVAL DOCKYARD• Major Warship Builders for the RANm• i •*1...* la" J J, • .-* •.

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GARDEN ISLAND DOCKYARDGID is a large modern dockyard and offers a strongconcentration of naval engineering skills andcapabilities to support the new construction submarineand surface combatant ship projects.THENAVY4fe\atfft*EDITORR0SSG1LLETTPO BOX 653DEE WHY. NSW 2099fl#S

TYPE 2400-PATROL SUBMARINEON THE SURFACETHEY APPEARIDENTICALDeep down, you'll find the differences.Because inside the new hull, VSEL's Type2400-Patrol class submarine can bematched exactly to your operationalrequirements.A totally new design, silent in operationand with a capability well in advance ofother diesel electrics, the Type 2400concept is flexible enough to accommodatewidely-varying internal specifications.Machinery, equipment, armament andsensors can all be matched to specificroles VSEL's ultra-modern 24 acre warshipsite will be able to handle anything from aminor modification to a complete custombuild. The very latest production technologyand build strategies are on call.Far from being a "paper boat", theType 2400 is already on stream. Four areon order from the Royal Navy and the firstof these went in the water on 2 December,1986VSELVidian Shipbuilding a Engineering LimitedCammell Laird Shipbuilder* LimitedWarship Design Services LimitedBarrow-in-Furness Cumbria LAI 4 1AF EnglandTelephone (0229)23366 Telex 65411 VSEL GFax: 0229 23366-4: - , * : • • • •SEEINGA COURSEFor many years the "defence" objectives ofthe Navy League of Australia have beencontained in a single paragraph:"To keep before the Australian people the fact that we area maritime notion and that a strong Nauy and a soundrelatively free peoplemaritime industry are indispensible elements of our nationalwell-being and vital to the freedom of Australia",IOMPTED by publication of MT Paul Dibb's Review of Australia'sdefence capabilities and th« subsequent public discussion, theFFederal Council of the League decided there was a need for Its•>••••>I ives to be spelled out in greater detail so that all concerned with thecountry's maritime well being knew where the Navy League stood inregard 10 a variety of mattersThe Navy League is no fly-by-night organisation With a historystretching back nearly one hundred years, it has raised and spent tens ofthousands of dollars on sea training facilities for young Australians, it isone of the very few privately-funded organisations to study maritimedefence issues and for many years it has kept a watchful eye on the stateof the navy, quite often drawing attention to deficienciesWith a diverse membership — nearly all the many pans that togetherform the maritime community are represented by members with extensiveexperience in their own spheres, including the highest offices in theDefence Korce — the Navy League is well-placed to observe andcomment, from time to time, on many aspects of our country's maritimesituationTHE NAVY LEAGUE OF AUSTRALIAFEOCRAL COUNCILPatron In Chltt: His EiCe*enCy. T M Governor GeneralPresident; f Geoffrey Evans. OOt VROViee-Presldenta: Rear Admiral A J Robertson, AO DSC RAN

The helicopter-landing deck onthe siern of HMAS STALWART, thedestroyer tender, which at presentserves as the flagship of the RAN,provided an appropriate venue inSydney on 20th January, 1987, forone of the most significant defenceannouncements of recent years,made by the Minister of Defence, MrKim Beazley.BE FOR F a gathering ol media representslives, and flanked by the Chief of NavalStaff Vic-,- Admiral Hudson and theFleet Commander with warships alongside, ensigns fluttering in the breeze the Ministei slatedthai the Government lias initiated the largestNaval shipbuilding programme in Australia'speacetime history by inviting companies fromaround the world to submit established designsfor a new class of eight light patrol frigates forthe Royal Australian NavyOf equal, if not greater significance was hisstatement that these new ships, costing around$3 '-> billion will dramatically increase the sizeand capability of the Navy's planned surfacefleet from 12 to 17 major warshipsMr Beazley went on to state that the hugeprojects reflects the Government's commitmentto the vital role of the Navy in our defence, andthe need to equip the Navy to meet that role, incon)unction with other elements of the Austral.an Defence Force with a sufficient numberof high quality ships to deal with possiblemilitary situations in separate locationssimultaneouslyAll eight ships will be built in Australia, maybein mote than one yard, and based on an eslablished ship design probably European, to bedeveloped to meet Aust.alias specific requirementsAn Australian company will be chosen as thepnme contractor and there will be maximumAustralia). -)u«try involvement in alt phases ofthe projectThe first ships will be delivered in the early tomtd-1990s — a timescale made possible byusing an established designTHE Minister stated that these ships willneed to meet the requirements identifiedby Navy and by the Dibb Revtew folarge numbers of fast, long range, capable shipsto operate throughout our region They wouldhave a desirable range of 6.000 nautical milesat 18 knots, a speed of at least 27 knots and ahangar and deck for the Navy's Seahawk hehcopterThe primary role of these vessels is to be"Patrol and surveillance in Australia's area ofmilitary interest.' and they are to have "baselinecapabilities'' including, in addition to thehelicopter, a medium calibre gun of 76 mm orlarger, radar and electronic detection systems, ashort range surface-to-air missile system, antisubmarinesystems, and a modern modulartypeCombat Data System to provide coordinationwithin the ship and with friendlyforcesOptions will also be considered for makingprovision for later fitting of ship-launched torpedoesand Harpoon missiles Information hasbeen sought for making allowance for the fittingof a close-in weapons system for defenceagainst anti-ship missiles, a towed-array sonarsystem, an active decoy system, and anenhanced air surveillance radar capability.MAJORNAVAL SHIPBUILDINGPROGRAMMEheduled for replacement River class destroyer escorts of the RANby ANDREW ROBERTSON, RAOM, RAN [Rtd]Vice President, Navy League ofthough it is not clear whether these are to befitted initially or notMr Beazley slated that the project offers goodpotential for increasing defence co operationwith New Zealand, as the New Zealand Navyhas a need for simitar shipsThe Minister indicated that the great ost ofthe programme could be covered within presentlevels of defence spending provided such levelswere maintained Present expenditure oncapital equipment was about $2 5 billion yearlyThis new buy would be spread out over 10years, and it could be accommodatedNAVY was offering salvation to Australianshipbuilding as this project would giveone or two yards effectively a decade ofHe expected the vessels would be ofAustraliaworkabout 2.500 to 3.000 tonnes displacementThe short list of contenders should be established by mid 1987The Minister agreed with a questioner thatthese ships would give the Navy a substantialincrease in capability to operate in the SouthWest PacificThe decision announced by the Ministerrepresents a milestone of great significance inthe development of the Australian DefenceFo'ce to meet the changing strategic circumstancesof the latter part of this decade and the1990s, and will provide future governmentswith somewhat wider options in meetingdevelopments in our general area of interestAn aspect which is likely to cause somedebate m defence circles and. if not altered,bedevil decisions on equipment to be fitted, isthe stated very limited role of "Patrol and surveillancein Australia's area of military interest"This seems very low key There is no mentionof sea control, including escort of shipping andother essential wartime tasks, foi which theseships will undoubtedly be used, for their verynumbers ensure that they will become the"maids of all work" of the navy Indeed thedefined role hardly seems to fit with MrBeazley s statement that Ihe project reflects theneed to equip the navy "to deal with possiblemilitary situations'WE are much more dependent onshipping than is generally realised Itdoesn't take an expert to imagine thechaos which would ensue in our industry, inpreparations for our defence, and in oureconomy >f. for instance, attacks on shippingwere to interrupt or stop tankers, nun ore bulkearners, bauxite earners and container shipsfrom interstate or overseas from arriving at ourcapital cities and such ports as Newcastle. PortKembla. Gladstone, and Cockburn Sound (letalone the other 60-odd ports) It is impracticalfor road and rail transport to replace interstateand intra state shipping in the carnage of bulkcargoes because of the great tonnages involvedIndeed, if distribution by sea tanket of fueloils and products were to cease, the trucks andtrains would also soon slop rolling, as refinerieswound down and petrol and diesel pumps driedupDefence of essential shipping is thus a vitalelement of our securityThe projected Light Patrol Frigates must havea role beyond mere "patrol and surveillance"Few naval commentators will argue againstthe 6.000 nautical mile range or the helicopterPage Four THE NAVY April-June, 1987requirements, both of which are highlydesirable for effective surveillance in our geographic environment of huge expanses ofocean and great distancesGiven the underwater speed of modern submarines,especially those which are nuclearpowered, (here seems however a case for asomewhat higher speed than the 27 knotsminimum top speed specified One regionalpower already has nuclear-powered submarinesand another is reported to be obtaining themI mi! other nations operate such vessels in theIndian and Pacific Oceans More could join theclub during the 30 odd year life of these LightPatrol FrigatesHILE it is early days in the projectand there are many decisions to beW made, it seems strange that theannounced baseline capabilities for these shipsare to be so rudimentary, and that later fitting ofsuch important armaments as Harpoon missilesand ship launched torpedoes should be considered as "an option' If these vessels commission without such types of weaponry, they (likeour Fremantle Class Patrol Boats) will be themost poorly equipped ships of their type in theIndian or Pacific oceans Indeed they will bemore like coastguard vessels than warshipscapable ol facing possible military situations"Of course, there are those who argue thatrequired systems can be fitted when the situation deteriorates, but Ihe practical scene is quitedifferent Time of rising crisis is precisely thetime when the ships cannot be spared, theneeded systems may not be available, the leadtime for acquisition is likely to be long,dockyard effort to fit them is not likely to be onhand, and the erews will not be trained Inpractice, as has almost always been the case.our ships will have to fight with what they havegotOne curious omission from the baseline capabilities,though included in possible additionalcapabilities, is a comprehensive anti-missile fitMost attacks on warships these days are likelyto end up as missile attacks, whether launchedfrom submarines, surface vessels or aircraft Wemust not send our sailors out on military roles inthe 1990s without such basic modern defenceequipment nor should we risk such valuableand expensive ships by nol equipping themwith effective sell defence systemsAnother surprising feature is the apparentacceptance of a gun of perhaps 76 mm sizeEvery war in which we have been eigagedsince the founding of the RAN has involved ourships in inshore warfare, particularly in theisland areas with which our region aboundsBombardment of shore targets and support ofthe army or naval landing parties have alwaysbeen prominent rotes and it is well proven thata gun of 76 mm sue is not only too small, but itsshort range exposes the ship to unacceptablerisk due to the necessity to gel too close to thetarget to ensure effectiveness Most army tanks*nd artillery could outrange such an illequippedvessel should it close an enemyoccupiedshoreMAYBE the stated role und the outline ofbaseline ship capabilities has been defined to suit New Zealand requirementswhich under their current political guidanceseem to favour coast-guard type vesselsThere has also been speculation that it is amove to placate left wing elements of our ownpolitical scene, who seem to desire a very lowprofile for our defence forceApril-June, 1987Be that as it may. we cannot put at risk oursailors and our ships must be well-armed (tornthe start They will have a tough enough timewith uncertain, or no. air-support, and It will benothing short of irresponsible to send them tosea without comprehensive armamentCommon sense must in the long run prevail, forif it doesn't we will be lucky to get the crews toman themWhile the importance of the decision, insofaras it increases the ship numbers in the navy,should not be underestimated, it is equallyimportant that the military significance ofindividual ships should not be overemphasisedF.ven if the frigates are finally equipped withall the "additional capabilities" the navy desires,they remain "frigates" — vessels at the lowerend of naval capability In the absence ofsupporting integrated air power (particularlylong range strike and fighter aircraft) in someform of aircraft-carrying ship they will remain atrisk in many naval situations, and limited inrolesIn naval terms, compared with some othertypes ol warships, their deterrent and "flagshowing"value is modest One has only to lookat the long-range arr and missile strike capabilityof a number of nations in the Indian and Pacificoceans to see that the RAN will remain outclassedby the navies of most regional powersThe scene improves somewhat when air covercan be provided by our FA 18s. bul only withinabout 400 nautical miles of established airbases And. of course, the projected new submarineswill in due course add considerably to•jur naval deterrent capability — but on presentplans there will only be six of them, goodthough they may be (China has over 100 andIndia and Japan are reported to be building upto 20 or more each)These aspects apart, and though the navyhas a long way to go before it again reaches thecapability appropriate to a nation in our geoTHE NAVYgraphic and trading situation, the Governmenthas taken a major step towards defence selfrelianceThe decision can be seen to involve threemajor moves extending well beyond the Navyitself:Firstly, it will be seen as a signal to our friendsand allies, and to others, that Australia will becapable of taking a somewhat larger role in thesecurity of not only Its own waters, but of thosein the South West Pacific and adjacent IndianOcean areas which are so important to our, andtheir, securitySecondly, it indicates a firm commitment tofollow up the now-recognised need for a twooceannavy with action to support that conceptAnd lastly, the decision, if pursued tofruition, could well be a water-shed for our shipbuildingindustry and for defence industry as awhole The construction of a minimum of eightships (mo;e if New Zealand joins in), which Isdouble the number of advanced warships everordered initially before, ensures reasonableproduction runs for local firms tendering forcontracts, and the size of the programme —spread over several years — gives someassurance of continuity in naval shipbuildingorders, for. by the time the project is finishedthere wilt almost certainly be a necessity toreplace other vessels, including the GuidedMissile Destroyers ol the "Perth" classTaken with the coming submarine construetion programme, the two Frigates now beingbuilt at 'Viltiamstown in Victoria, the 10 PactftcPatrol Boats building in Western Australia: andthe Mine-Counter-Measures Vessels being constructedat Newcastle. NSW, it is clear that thislatest major naval construction programme wilt,in due course, have a most important impact,not only on our capability for defence, but alsoon industry, employment, balance of paymentsand our International standing18V COUHTESV OF THE PACIFIC DEFENCEREPORTER)PaotFlv*

27navies sail.the seven seas with SignaaLThe familiar Signaal dome onwarships is a symbol of ultimateweapon control Signaal, a leaderin radar and control systems formilitary and civil applicationsaround the world, is a member olthe Philips international group ofcompanies.Suppliers to 27 naviesincluding the Royal Australian1mpi'^JNavy and others in the Pacificregion, Signaal maintains anindustrial presence in Australia atthe Defence Electronics Facility atPhilips Moorebank plant in NSW.Signaal and Philips are ideallyplaced to service Australia's futuredefence needs with systemsmeeting the most stringentoperational requirements and'•ffcr •

HMAS PIONEER attacking the German cruiser KONIGSBERG during the Great War. July, 1915the Royal Australian Navy was a smalt, efficientHeel comprising fourteen major warships andfive support vesselsTo destgn, build and then commission thenumber of front line and support ships requiredto wage an effective war at sea was a long andinvolved process But by August 1945. at theclose of conflict the Navy had grown by morethan 570 vessels, from cruisers and destroyersthrough to patrol craft and general purposevesselsTo achieve such massive growth in this shorttime the Government ordered over 250 buthfor-the -purpose ships, but overall still reliedheavily on tonnage already In service with theAustralian maritime fraternity From the tartergroup came more than 300 coasters, motorvessels, trawlers, launches, oilers and amultitude of other ship types tc establish thebackbone of a local naval defence while thelarger and more capable Fleet units served asfar afield as the Atlantic theatre, the Mediterranean Sea, the Indian Ocean and everywherein betweenSupporting the "Requisitioned Fleet" werethe mass-produced patrol craft of British destgn.the Harbour Defence Motor Launches and thelarger Fairmile B' patrol boatsTogether with the auxiliary minesweepers,requisitioned after only hours following the outbreakof war. the small ships undertook manyimportant tasks, but also the majority of themore mundane, but still necessary, routinepatrolsTo properly illustrate three of the smallerwarship types in Royal Australian Navy serviceduring the Second World War. artist Phil Belbinhas dramatically recreated the above scene withthe Harbour Defence Motor Launch No 1324.the auxiliary minesweeper HMASGOONAMBEE. and Fairmile B' Motor LaunchNo 817 at sea dunng a coastal voyage in June1944The twenty eiynt Harbour Defence MotorLaunches were commissioned into the Fleetfrom earty October 1942 to January 1945 Allof the launches experienced war servicehftfigMworking either from Australian ports or in theNew Guinea tone Three were imported as builtfrom Bntain. another sixteen from the UnitedStates of America and the remaining nineconstructed locally by Australian shipbuildersThe main armament carried by the HDMLwas the 20 mm Oerlikon gun and for anti-submarine work two sets of four depth chargeslocated aft on each beam No HDMLs were lostduring the conflict with many being retired aftervictory in the PacificIn the Royal Australian Navy's 75th Year,one HDML. No 1325. survives in naval servicewith the Naval Officer Commanding. WESTRALIA. 42 years after first commissioning on 4November. 1943The threat posed by German raiders and submarines capable of laying mines in coastalwaters resulted in the requisitioning of a fleet offishing trawlers, coastal steamers and even aformer Royal Navy minesweeper Thus, theRoyal Australian Navy commissioned into itsfleet vessels with such illustrious names asHMAS BOMBO. HMAS OLIVE CAM HMASTERKA and HMAS GOONAMBEESuch was the dilemma facing the Navy thatsome of the requisitioned tonnage dated as farback as 1907 Ironically, in the mid thirties the1919 vintage S Class destroyers and FlowerClass sloops were scuttled off the roast ofSydney, all-purpose built warships which wouldhave proved invaluable in ihe coming conflictThe Royal Australian Navy's Fairmile B'motor launches were ordered in 1943. with thespecific aims of hunting enemy submarines, andif need be to provide an escort for convoy workand to satisfy stationary parrots Wartime sawthem do a great deal more 1In his book, "Australia's Ships of War", navalhistonan, John Bastock. described the Fairmile'B's as useful, seaworthy and versatile craft ofsimple construction which distinguished themselves in the "Island War" to the north of Australiaand in the New Guinea regionBy late 1945. most of the 33 surviving Fairmite B's had paid the price of peace, either laidup in reserve, or already earmarked for sale Alt33 were eventually sold between 1947 and1949. but ironically, most survived into the1960s. 1970s and even some to the presentday. rebuilt as private launches or ferries, butstill unmistakably former Fairmile B's of theRoyal Australian Navy"rV" class destroyers HMA Ships NIZAM and NESTOR in action in the MediterraneanTHE NAVY Aprll-Junt, 1987larbour Defence Motor Launch No.324One of the longest serving HDMLs. No324. remained an active unit of the Royal\ustralian Navy from her commissioning on 12tunc, 1944. until laid up for disposal in 1982The launch was present, with other units ofhe Navy, at the Japanese surrender aboard thesurvey ship HMAS MORESBY on 11September 1945 at Koepang. Timor After thewar. HDML 1324 was reclassified as a seawarddefence boat ISDB) and in February 1953com missioned as a tender lo HMASTARANGAU at Manus IslandAfter four and a half years in New Guineawaters. SDB 1324 sailed for Hobart locommence duties as a naval reserve trainingvessel For the new role she was namedHUON In June 1967. she wiled for Melbournewith the Battle Class destroyer. HMAS ANZACas her escort, her place having been taken inHobart bv the general purpose vessel HMASBASSThe Serond World War veteran hadcommenced yet another phase of her longcareer, in Port Phillip Bay. as the training vesselNEPEAN. attached to the Royal AustralianN«vy Reserve Training Depot. HMAS Lonsdale, at Port Melbourne This routine continuedto the early 1980s, when her responsibilitieswere assumed by ihe Attack Class patrol boatHMASBAYONETNEPEAN was de-stored at the WilliamstownNaval Dockyard during 1982-83. where sheremains today in a state of ever increasingdecayHMAS GOONAMBEEOne of the thirteen trawlers requisitionedduring the early stages of the war.GOONAMBEE. was originally built for the NewSouth Wales Government In 1926 she waspuichased by the Sydney-based Red FunnelFisheries Ltd who sold her to Cam and SonsPty Ltd. another Sydney fishing group, threeyears laterAfter a rattier unadvenlurous life, trawlingfrom Sydney for over two decades, the vesselwas requisitioned for naval service on 28 June.1940 She was fined out as an auxiliary minesweeper, armed with guns and depth chargesand received her livery of naval grey, includingtwo large distinguishing letters GB. painted onher bowsGOONAMBEE commissioned as HMAS on9 August 1940 with Lieutenant Commander V.M Andrewartha. RANR. in command Initially,the ship setved as a member ol the BrisbanebasedMtnesweeping Group 74By the time of the Japanese midget submarineattack in Sydney Harbour Ion the ntqhtof 31 May 1 June 19421. GOONAMBEE hadbeen transferred south During the submarineattack she alerted naval authorities to thelocation of a suspicious object in Taylor Bay.Sydney Harbour, which ultimately led lo thedestruction of t midget submarine by channelpatrol vesselsThe Royal Australian Navy purchasedGOONAMBEE outright from Cam and Sons on29 June. 1943. but less than a year later. 21June, she had been decommissionedOn 4 October. 1944. she was resold to Camand Sons Pty Ltd with whom she operated until1954 Four years later. C K>NAMBEE. a heroof the midget submarine attack, had beenbroken up in SydneyFairmile 'B* Motor Launch 817Motor Launch 817 commissioned for warservice on 16 February. 1943. under thecommand of Lieutenant A G Townley.The year is 1965. HMAS MELBOURNE steams in company with the destroyer HMAS VAMPIREand frigate HMAS PARRAMATTA.April-June, 19S7THE NAVYRANVR After a short work-up in Sydney, andanother ten weeks operating along the Queensland coast. ML 817 sailed for New Guinea asthe advance vessel of what would become anAustralian Flotilla of 16 Fairmile 'B' and fourHarbour Defence Motor Launches based onMilne BayML 817 arrived on 28 June. 1943, and up tolate September joined in the closing phases todrive enemy forces from the Huon PeninsulaOn 1 September. 1943. ML 817 sailed to join•he 7th Fleet Amphibious Force (Task Group761 for troop landings at Lae and Salamaua,her task being to shepherd landing craft fromthe dispersal areas to the assault rendezvousBy 3 September, the Fairmile was at Morobe.a settlement now subject to Japanese aerialattacks Aboard ML 817 was the Naval Officerin-Charge. Milne Bay. Commander GBranson. RN During one of the attacks ML817 was splinter-holed in several places on herport side Commander Branson commented"I was much impressed by the efficiency andmorale in ML 817 Lieutenant CommanderTownley got his ship under may in a matter ofseconds, although the blast had thrown him onhis face on the quarter deck Midshipman Pricehad an extremely lucky escape m that hesuffered a scalp wound over the left eye. which.but for a fractio" of time, might well haue killedhim So quickly did ML 817 react to thesituation that by the time I had boarded fromSHEPPARTQN. the lines were let go. the guncrews were closed up and the Midshipman, htsface covered in blood, was at his action stationprepared to direct the gun fire As soon as ML817 was clear of the SHEPPARTON. theformer opened fire from her for'ard twopounder gunDespite the holes in her hull. ML 817remained at the front and on 4 September,assisted the landings by HQ 9th Division and20th and 26th Australian Infantry Brigades ontwo beaches east and west of Bula PlantationAs a result of these landings and the subsequentland operations. Japanese resistance in southeasternNew Guinea was defeatedDuring December 1943. ML 817 returned toSydney for refit and to repair the bombdamage The ML left for New Guinea again on15 February. 1944. with Lieutenant John ADoyle. RANR (S). replacing LieutenantTownley (transferred to ML 424| For theensuing nine months. ML 817 operated in thesouthern region, then to Aitape. Madang.Hollandia. Mios Woendi and Biak IslandDuring this time the ML formed part of an RANforce which bombarded Karkar IslandIn November 1944. it was decided towithdraw the vessel to Australia, towed by theminesweeper HMAS TOWNSVILLE The twoships arrived in Sydney on 27 November, andthereafter, until paying off Into reserve on 10October 1945. she remained active tn localwatersAfter victory In the Pacific ML 817 wasdeclared surplus to future naval requirementsand was auctioned without engines on 25October. 1947All-in-all, the publication of The RoyalAustralian Navy The First Seventy-five Years isa worthy tribute In recognising Ihe invaluablecontribution made to Australia by the men andwomen of the Royal Australian Navy duringThe First Seventy-five YearsA publication worthy of your coif erf ion.NgtMM

Navy League $ ^Looks AheadSTATEMENT OF POLICYThe Navy League is mindful that the strategic background to Australia's security has changed and in some respects,deteriorated, in recent decades. In this regard, the principal gauge lor assessing what this country might face in thefuture from a potential enemy is to determine what his capability is today and. based on that, what it can be in thefuture. Australia is. of geographical necessity, a maritime nation whose prosperity, strength and safety depend to arelatively great extent on seaborne trade and the maritime forces guarding it. In view of the foregoing the Leaguebelieves ft is essential that the nation develops steadily the capability to defend itself, paying particular attention tomaritime matters.The Navy League:Believes Australia is defensible againstattack by other than a super power and thatthe prime requirement ol such defence is anevident ability to control the sea and airspacearound us and essential lines of seaand air communication to our alliesSupports the ANZUS Treaty and the futurere-integration of New Zealand as a fullpartnerCalls for closer co-ordination of foreign anddefence policies, including a redirection offoreign aid to friendly countries in our areawhich are of strategic importance lo usBelieves it is in our national interest torestrict Eastern Bloc influence in our rtgionand discourage further political or militarypenetrationOpposes the basing of Soviet fishing orother maritime vessels in Australia or itsTerritoriesUrges a close relationship with the ASEANcountries, PNG and the Island Stales of theSouth Pacific in all relevant fields' Believes there must be a significantdeterrent element in the Australian DefenceForce (ADF) capable of retaliation at considerable distances from Australia* Believes the ADF must have the capabilityto protect essential shipping at considerabledistances from Australia, as well as coastalshippingSupports the concept of a strong maritimeAir Force and highly mobile Army, capableof island and mngle warfare, as well as thedefence of Northern AustraliaAdvocates the retention of amphibiousforces to ensure the security of our off-shoreterritories and enable assistance to beprovided

^=*s NAVAL | ROUNDUP "GAYUNDAH"The Port of Fremantle wasinundated with visitors in February.Two Ruyal Navy patrol vesselHong Kong Squadron battled for a placeberth amongst the many ocean liners and tallships already thereThe two ships, HMS PEACOCK (P239) andHMS STARLING (P241) were the first Bntishpatrol ships from the Hong Kong Squadron tovisit FremantleDisplacing 710 :onnes. the ships carry acomplement of seven officers and 36 sailorsEach ship has a length of 62 b metres, and iscapable of 25 knotsEach is armed with a single 7b mm OtoMelara gun and its associated British aerospacefire control system Up to four 7 62 mm generalpurpose machine guns can be positioned aboutthe upper deck, and there are two inch rocketlaunchers midshipsBuilt by Hall Russell Limited. Scotland, theships ate specially designed for patrol duties inHong Kong waters, including search andrescue, and have the ability to stay ai sea duringtyphoonsHMS PEACOCK was commissioned on 14July. 1984. and HMS STARLING on 10August. 1984USS PAUL F FOSTER enteDecember 1986(prtotc -toiiWtifwng the Port of Fremantle,LSPM E Pitman, fUN|1The first of the 12 Australian Shipbuilding Industry ASI 315 165 tonne patrol boats underconstruction at South Coogee in Western Australia has had its superstructurelowered mtx place This vessel is the first of four for Papua New Guinea ft will be namedHMPNGS TARANGAU The others are destined for FI/I (4). and one each tor Vanuatu,Western Samoa. Solomon islands and the Cook Islands The 31 5 metre boats has beenspecifically designed for operating m a remote and harsh environment, with emphasis onease of maintenance and good seakeepmg Qualities, |pnoto LSPH E Pitman RANInuss vir CENNES. firstAustralia.Fremantle4=35JmTiconcDecemberRAN]I•P1nog!1186% »gldmpMMLm *cruiserLSPH EovisitPitmanApril-June. 1987Compiled byThe first modernisation of theNavy's guided missile launchersystem to take Harpoon, as well asStandard missiles, has been successfullycompleted at Garden IslandDockyard.The launcher is fined in 'he Royal AustralianNavy's guided missile frigates and guidedmissile destroyers currently being modernised atGarden IslandNAVAL ROUNDUP -GAYUNDAH"Major Modernisation of Ouided Missile LauncherThe General Manager of the dockyard. RearAdmital Nigel Berkyn. said that the completionof this major project represented a remarkableachievement (or the dockyard He elaboratedthat it was a major dockyard protect using, inpart, state-of-the-art weapons technology asused by major weapon manufacturers in theUSA. completed on time and cost, principallyby a team of dedicated dockyard employees,breaking new ground in AustraliaDoing the job at GID saved $2 5 million, andresulted in the launcher being available 12months earlierThe launcher facility is the only purpose builtfacility of its type to offer disassembly, overhaul,reassembly and full test capabilitiesIt is already attracting the attention of othernavies, and of launcher manufacturers Thefacility, coupled with the co-located 254-tonnecrane, also offers the unique capability ofremoval and return of the 60 tonne launcher tothe ship as a complete unit, minimising workrequired on shipThe facility will be m use until the nextcentury for the programme of Navy missilelauncher overhauls and modernisations Thefirst completed missile launcher was lifted by thedockyard's 254-tonne crane, and fitted into theguided missile destroyer. HMASon 25 FebruaryBRISBANE,Lose a cannon, gain anairpla lane?Ballarat may ask the Navy for anobsolete naval aircraft as a replacementfor FIMVS CERBERUS' gun,formerly in their Botanic Gardens.The City Council agreed to return the historiccannon tc the Royal Australian Navy as a 75thanniversary gesture, bul declined the offer of aBofors gun in its placeThe Mayor. Cr Jim Reeves, said he had hadan informal suggestion that the Navy might beasked to donate an old naval aircraft for theEureka Aviation MuseumThe council agreed that the Mayorshouldfollow up the idea with the museum and theNavyThe council received a letter from theAssistant Minister for Defence Mr Brown,thanking the city for agreeing to transferCERBERUS yun.theMr Brown said that this contribution by thepeople of Ballarat to the 75lh anniversary of theNavy was greatly appreciated'Items such as the ex-HMVSCERBERUS'gun. because of their rarity, are of tremendousimportance to ihe history of the Navyand.indeed, to our nation's maritime heritage," hesaid"This will be particularly so for the thousandsof naval personnel who pass through theRecruit Training Establishment. HMASCERBERUS, .•.)!.•!the gun will be located andalso to the members of the public who will havethe opportunity to view the gun within thisnaval envitonment "Early Seatime for NewBreed of SailorSixty-eight young men headed fortravel and adventure with the RoyalAustralian Navy on 27 February,pioneering a new job category —general duties.Aged between17 and 28. they arrived atHMAS Ninrr.ba. Quaker's Hill, near Blacktown.NSW. for basic training after signing on for twoyearsAfter an eight-week course, including thetraditional sailors' arts of ropework, drill, plusfirefighting. damage control, nuclear, biologicaland chemical defence (NBCD1. they will join aseagoing naval unitAfter two years, the men will be able to discharge,or apply to transfer after six months to aspecific specialisation such as radar plotter orsubmariner, depending upon availability andsuitabilityThe Navy aims to sign on some 300 of themen in the new category each year and hold(our courses during this periodMaritime College winsMinesweeping ContractA Tasmania-based researchcompany has received a contractworth more than $500,000, whichcould enable minesweeping to bedone by some commercial craftrather than minesweepers.The contract for development of a prototypewire trawl capable of sweeping moored mineshas been placed with the AustraliaMaritimeCollege research company. AMC Search Ltd.In LauncestonAnnouncing this, the Minister forDefence.Mr Kim Beaziey. said successful developmentof the minesweeping trawl would complementother minesweeping development work beingundertaken by the Royal Australian Navy's ResearchLaboratory at Pyrmont, in Sydney"The contract has been let as part of a planby the RAN to regain a minesweeping capabilitybased on extensive use of Australian commercialinfrastructure." he said"The minesweeping programme accords withthe high priority given by the Governmentthe acquisition of a mine countermeasures canabilityfor the defence of Australian ports "The development work and trials so farcarried out on the RAN ResearchtoLaboratoryequipment, had been very encouraging and hebelieved that AMC Search Ltd was capable ofproducing a prototype sweep to meet tneNavy's requirements"The excellent facilities at the MaritimeCollege in Launceston. combined with theexpertise of the development team formed forthe wire trawl protect should ensure everyopportunity for success in this complexhe said.task."The Minister added that, if the developmentsprove successful, it should be possible to usesuitable commercial craft for minesweepingrather than expensive, purpose-built minesweepingvesselsPage Thirteen

Compiled byNAVAL ROUNDUP GAYUNDAH"MORE MISSILES FOR THENAVYThe Minister for Defence, Mr KimBeazley, has announced the acquisitionof Standard surface-to-airmissiles for the Royal AustralianNavy and Harpoon anti-ship missilesfr.r use by both Navy and Air Force.The combined value of these purchasesis about $98 million.Mr Beazley said that boih missile purchaseswere Dart of a continuing missile acquisitionprogramme and would maintain Navy's and AtrForces skills and operational readiness into ihe1990sHe said the missiles were being bought undera foreign military sales agreement with the USNfrom the Harpoon supplier. McDor-.ellDouglas, and ihe Standard suppliers GeneralDynamicsThe RAN is rhe first N*uy to integrate theHarpoon missile into the (ire control system of aconventional submarine, and the RAAF'sFl 11C integration is also uniqueThe Royal Australian Navy Missile Maintenance Establishment at Kingswood NSW. willprovide maintenance support for the Standardand Harpoon weaponsAustralian PrimeContractors for WarshipConstructionAustralian organisations havebeen invited to register their interestin tendering as prime contractors inthe Navy's New Surface CombatantProject, the Minister for Defence.Kim Beazley, has announced."The prime contractor wilt be expected tocomplete detailed design, build the ships andsupport them in service in the largest navalshipbuilding programme undertaken in Australiain peacetime"To be selected for the competitive tenderingprocess, organisations would be expected tohave a sound financial status and corporatestrength, together with proven capacity andexperience m the management of major shipbuilding or engineering projects The primecontractor would also be expected to haveaccess to suitable existing shipbuilding facilitiesMore than one Australian shipbuilder could beInvolved in this project." Mr Bea/ley saidIt is expected that tenders for the primecontract will be invited later this year, and closein mid-1988 The total cost of the programme isestimated at $3.5 billion (April 1986 prices)The issue of the Invitation to Register flTRlfollows (he issue, In December 1986. of aRequest for Proposals, which sought shipdesigns that meet, or nearly meet, the assessedcapability needs of the new warship atminimum cost, based as closely as practicableon existing designs"The precise nature of the ships will be determinedin the selection of designs followingevaluation of the responses of overseasdesigners to the Request for Proposals The keyfactors in selecting the design to be constructedand ihe Australian prime contractor will then bethe level and nature of the involvement of Australian industry, the project price and confidenceof performance as reflected in fixed price provisionsand warranties The details of the way inwhich Australian organisations will compete forthe contract could be influenced by the designschosen and the responses by Australianorganisations to the ITR". Mr Beazley saidOefenrr Assistance to Export MinehuntrrsHMAS RUSHCUTTER. prototype minehunterA Newcastle shipbuilding firm isto receive an advance of $1.5million, in line with the Government'spolicy of stimulating defenceexports, the Minister for Defence, MrKtm Beazley has announced.The advance, to Carrington Slipways PtyLtd. is to provide material to build an Australian-designedfibregiass cat. >aran. similar tothe two prototypes ordered for the Royal Australian NavyIt will allow early purchase, mainly of fibreglassand PVC foam, the main constructionmaterials of the minehunters. In anticipation ofan overseas order"This offers the prospect of an early start ofconstruction for export, using the workforceand expertise built up in the construction of thefirst two RAN vessels." Mr Beazley explained"It will reduce the delivery time to meetexport orders for this highly innovative andcost-efficient minehunter system "The Minister said the launching of the firstnew minehunter, HMAS RUSHCUTTER. lastyear, had created considerable interest overseas,and led to an intense export effort by theCompany"This minehunter is a unique Australiandesign, highly suitable for mine countermeasuresin shallow waters and harbour focalareas," he said, "and it has considerableadvantages over its competitors"This is one of the first instances of industryreceiving direct stimulus tinder the package ofmeasures I announced last 14 October,designed to assist Australian industry to sellmore to the Australian Defence Force, and inexport military markets "The package includes a wide range of technicalassistance from defence, on a full costrecovery basis and provided that the scarce resourcescan be made available without detnmentto defence priorities In the case of theminehunters. it may include, in due course,access to facilities such as test ranges and training.HMAS RUSHCUTTER was commissionedinto Naval service at Carrington's Tomago shipyardon 1 November.Trials are in progress, and the second prototypeis scheduled to join the trials in mid-1987Page Fourteen THE NAVY April-June, 1987Over the years, many in the RAN have cherished the idea of the Navy having its own sailingship. Part of that dream will come true in January 1988, when a 200-tonne Brigantine will sailunder the Australian White Ensign. The new'vessel will be presented by the British Governmentto the people of Australia as a Bi-centennial gift.The Royal Australian Navy has been taskedto introduce the vessel into service and operateit on behalf of the nation for the benefit of allyoung AustraliansThe ship wilt be a round-bilged steel sailingvessel, fore and aft rigged, but with square sailson the foremast — making her technically aBrigantineThe 43 metre vessel is designed to have a fullsailing performance on all points of sailing, withan estimated speed undet sail of 14 knotsShe is also to be fitted with twin main enginesto give her a maximum performance underpower of 10 knots.A Royal Australian Navy contingent departedfor the United Kingdom during January 1987The passage lo Australia will be conducted byApril-June. 1987The new Bi-centennial schoonera joinl Anglo Australian crew sailing under theBritish flagThe passage will follow in broad terms, theroute of the First Fleet via Tenerife. Rio deJaneiro. Cape of Good Hope and Mauritius.Additional stopovers are likely to be Albany.Adelaide and Hobart.The ship will rendezvous with several otherTall Ships in Hobart in late 1987 before takingpart in the Tall Ships Race between Hobart andSydney in January 1988During the bi-centennial celebrations inSydney, the ship will be formally presented toAustralia as a gift to the nation for the benefil ofAustralian youthThe concept of using a sailing ship to providean opportunity for young people to experienceadventure, and to learn more about themselvesis not new — there are many examplesthroughout the world and in AustraliaAlthough there are slight variations, thecentral idea of giving young people anadventure and challenge at sea to aid theirpersonal development is constantAfter handover, the ship will be manned andoperated by the RANThe RAN envisage the vessel operating onregulai cruises of about six to 10 days duration,perhaps from various Australian portsAlthough it is likely that the ship will behome ported out of Sydney in order to utiliseNaval Support facilities, Ihe concept of takingthe ship to the trainees, rather than the traineesto the ship will be developed by deploying theship to various ports for short periodsIn order to give the maximum number ofyoung Australians an opportunity to experiencelife and work at sea. the ship will be programmedto operate for approximately 10 5months per year, the remaining period beingdevoted to maintenanceAn experienced naval crew of eight will permanentlyman the vessel to instruct and supervisethe 24 young trainees, both male andfemale, that the ship Is designed to carryThe Australian Bl-centennary Authority anda RAN Protect Team are liaising with theirBritish counterparts to assist in bringing the shipinto serviceThe vessel will be officially named at aceremony In Ihe Pool of London in June 1987The Australian Bicentenary 1788-1988EMAIL-YORK AIR CONDITIONING197 BLACKBURN ROAD, MT WAVERLY, VIC 314BAIR CONDITIONING DIVISIONAppreciate their long association as suppliers to theRoyal Australian Navy* Commercial * Industrial * Marine * Factory Trained Engineers * 24 Hour, 7 Day Action Line484 Victoria Road, Gladesville, NSW 2111Telephone: (03) 566 4567

What is believed to be the biggest shiptransported overland in Australia will be movednext month by two Perth companies.The former Royal Australian Navy corvette. HMAS WHYALLA.which saw active service in World War II. will be hauled oul of the sea atWhyalla. South Australia, and transported several kilometres to a roadsidemuseumThe 800-tonne warship, which is 56 4 metres 118(1 ft) long, will makeits last voyage on 272 wheels, hauled by two giant Mack Superliner primemovers in a unique engineering operation masterminded by the WA firm.Dawson Offshore Pty LtdThe success of the move will establish the company at the forefront ofits industry, although ihe movement is not its biggest in its six years' existenceThe firm specialises in transporting and setting up massive offshoreoil drill;.,y rigsDawson will combine with the heavy haulage division of BramblesManford of Perth to carry out the warship movement in FebruaryBrambles will supply five massive platform trailers and two 400 hpMack trucks to haul it to the Whyalla Maritime Museum and TouristInformation Complex on the outskirts of Whyalla Here it will be a majortourist attraction for travellers on the Port Lincoln HighwayThe Whyalla. built for the RAN in 1941. was the first ship launched atthe former BHP shipyard at WhyallaDunng the war It carried 85 crew and a full range of armamentsAfter the war it was decommissioned and modified for navigationwork out of Melbourne, and was renamed the RIPFor the past two years, the ship has been undergoing restorationwork, much of it earned out by volunteersThe entire restoration and $600,000 removal project is beingfinanced under the Federal Government's Steel Region Assistance Plan,and funds from the SA Department of TourismHMAS WHYALLA.WHYALLAMOVESASHOREThe operation manager of Dawson Offshore, Mr David Shade, saidmoving the massive ship entailed a major engineering programmeTransporting i! was fairly simple, but getting H safely out of the waterheld the greatest danger — the possibility of the ship breaking in twoTo move it. a specially-built steel support cradle will be fixed to thehull at its mooringIt will then be towed at high tide to a disused slipway, where a steelskidway, suitably greased, has been builtThe ship, borne by its cradle, will then be hauled bodily out of thewater, up the skidway by winches on the Mack trucks, a static 10-tonnewinch and an anchored Caterpillar DK bulldozerOnce clear of the water, the ship and cradle will be lifted by a writs of150 tonne capacity hydraulic jacks to enable the platform trailers to bepositioned underneathA drawing of how WHYALLA was transported. (Photo - B,3 Whwit)Page Sixteen THE NAVY April-June. 1987ESCAPETRAWW£rAClUWNBVV c£UrtVVAlThe Royal Australian Navy's SubmarineEscape Training Facility (SETF) is presentlyunder construction at the HMAS STIRLINGfleet support facility located on Garden Island inCockburn Sound.Construction work commenced in February, and the completion dateis planned for mid 1987 When completed, the facility will be the fifth of itstype in the world, and the only one in our regionSince ihe RAN reintroduced submarines in the 1960s, we have reliedon the Royal Navv to piovide the training necessary to operate thesevessels at HMS DRYADOver the years, differences in equipment, the Royal Navy not alwaysbeing able to meet the RAN's needs, resulting in shortages of trainedpersonnel; the inevitable increased costs over the years, and the manhours lost sending personnel overseas, and finally, the Federal Government'spolicy to develop a greater sell-reliance and reduce dependence onforeign navies made the building of our own facility on Australian soildesirableApril-June, 1987The SETF project is not directly linked to the new construction submarine project The SETF is intended to have an operational life in excessof 40 years, to meet the long-term training requirements of the RoyalAustralian NavyDesigned and positioned not to break the existing skyline the buildingwill be 30 metres high The RAN SETF will consist of(a)(b)(c)Id)(e)A main column of water 20 metres deep and 5 5 metres in diametercontaining 400.000 litres of fresh water heated to 34°C The tankwill be fitted with a diving lock al nine metres, instructors blisters(one-man air locks) at five and 15 metres, a diving bell and a movingplatform A control position, with closed circuit underwater TVmonitors and systems display is situated at the tank top,At the base of the water column there will be two modules representing submarine escape compartments and fitted with the escapearrangements found in submarines From these compartments, bothcompartment and tower escape techniques will be practised,Six man/ two compartment recompression chambers will be situatedat both the tank top and the ground floor outside the submarinesectionA shallow diving training module (or specialist diving training is provided.Oflice space, classrooms, staff rest rooms, medical facilities.machinery rooms, storerooms and workshops to support the facility.If) Heating of ihe facility is to be provided by solar panels (120 innumber) situated in a special services compound adjacent to thebuilding Solar healing will be supplemented by an LP gas boilerThe SETF will have a staff of 19 service personnel Overseas trainingof about three months duration for the initial staff will be undertaken in theUK and Federal German Republic This overseas training was due tocommence late 1986 for the officers while the remainder proceed overseasin the first half of 1987 Follow-on training will be conducted In AustraliaThe Submarine Escape Training Facility Project Is being managed forthe Royal Australian Navy by the Department of Housing and Construetion (DHCI as a "turn-key project" Under this arrangement, DHC areresponsible for the design, construction and setting to work of the facility tosatisfy Navy requirements The facility will also be certified as a divingsystem by an accredited civilian marine survey authority. Det NorskeVeritas !DNV>The principal contract has been let to Sabemo Transfield joint venlurefor $12 6m The main contract covers construction of the building andwater column and management of nominated subcontracts for specialistequipment in the building. Including recompression chambers bell andmoving platform, air conditioning, lifts and operating and maintenancemanualsThe associate! support services for the water column including thepumps, compressors. LP gas boilers, air storage and water treatmentequipment, etc. will be managed separately by DHC. as will DNV certification,setting to work and trialsThe total project is $15 3m, comprising $11 6m lor the maincontract. $3m for additional amounts for DHC. not Included in the maincontract and $0 7m for Navy furnished equipment and training.Page Seventeen

THE BEAR CAN SWIM TOOITIE worthier citizens of Adelaide in 1882 surety raised their eyebrowswhen hearing some of the tales of the visit of a small Russian fleetof three ships to their colony. Apparently, the Russian Admiral wassomewhat overcome by the hospitality at a picnic given by the Governorat Mount Lofty and, having imbibed rather too freely of the excellentlocal wines, had to be returned to his flagship in a carl!Stories such as this, in addition to meatierstuff, entertained the gathering of tome 130 distinguishedguests and members at the annualNSW Division of the Navy League symposiumheld at Tattersall's Club. Sydney, on 19November. 1986The subject of the evening was "The BearCan Swim Too. or. The Growth of SovietMaritime Power and its Implication for Australia"The presentation was opened by RearAdmiral Andrew Robertson, a Vice-President ofthe Navy League He outlined the steadydevelopment of the Soviet Navy, from apoorly-equipped coastal force in 1945. to themodem, superbly equipped, world-wide navy ttis todayHe told of the speech of Mr Kruschev. Secretaryof the Soviet Commumsty Party, at theRoyal Naval College. Greenwich, in 1956. atwhich Kruschev had stated that the SovietUnion would out-build the US and create thegreatest fleet in the world That year FleetAdmiral Gorschkov was appointed to head theSoviet Navy, a post he occupied until he retiredlast year Duting those 29 years, class after classof new submarines, destroyers, cruisers,amphibious vessels, and eventually helicopterand VSTOL carrier* slid down the slipways inthe USSRThe Soviet Fleet moved out from Sovietcoastal waters, first into the North Atlantic,then, as it gathered strength, to the NorthPacific, the Mediterranean, the Caribbean, theSouth Atlantic, the Indian Ocean, and. after theVietnam War. the South China Sea. based onthe ex-USN base at Camranh Bay. in VietnamWe should note the writings of AdmiralGorschkov that"Sooner or later, the West will have to understandthat it is no longer master of the seasSoviet sea power, merely a minor defensivearm in 1953, has become the optimum meansto defeat the imperialist enemy and the mostimportant element in the Soviet arsenal to preparethe way for a communised world"It was also important to note the recentspeech by Mr Gorbachev in Vladivostok,summarised by The Economist journal as "afirm statement that Russia is determined to be apower in the whole of the Pacific, right down toAustralia and New Zealand"The first speaker. Lieut-Commander BobNtcholts. RAN (Rid), author and historian, gavea fascinating address on "Russia and the AustralianColonies, a historical perspective", inwhich he outlined contacts with Russia in theearly days Having mentioned the early fears ofthe colonists of attack by the French and thenby the Americans, he showed how more scares,usually exaggerated, were caused by theRussians than by any other nationAlthough the Russian corvette. Dvina. hadvisited Sydney In 1853. it was not until the endof the Crimean War that they began thepractice of sending naval ships on long-distancetraining and exploration expeditionsSuccessive Russian "scares" led to the constructionof forts and batteries around our coasts andthe building of colonial navies ft was not untilTha form* RAN AM* Commands, f^ Admtol l*i torn (rigM), *ti the Commanding Ottic*of HMAS CANBERRA, Command* Chna OxanbouU. watch tha progress otthanow Russiannudaar-powand cruiser FRUNZE through tha South China Saa in Novamber. 1995. FRUNZEwas on its way to join ma Russian Pacmc FleetTHE NAVYthe rise in the power of Germany, towards theend of the nineteenth century, that fear ofRussia subsidedThe next speaker was Lieutenant-Commander.Ken Wray. of the Naval Reserve, whodescribed current Soviet ships and maritimecapability, including command organisation,location and compositions of fleets, weaponssystems,aircraft and bases1ISTENERS were particularly impressedwith his description of the Soviet sub-•^ marine force, now at over 360 vessels,the world's largest, and the new aircraftcarriers Particularly impressive was the newTyphoon submarine, the world's biggest at25.000 tonnes displacement This submarinecarries 20 missiles each with 6-9 warheads anda range of 8,300 kmThe Soviet Pacific Fleet has now expandedgreatly and includes two of the three aircraftcarriers and over 600 vessels including some125 submarinesWhile those present were amused at some ofthe comments when, during his speech, someof the slides of ships caught fire in the projector,all were most impressed at the awesome navalpower now possessed by the Soviet UnionHe then told of the Immense growth of theSoviet merchant marine, with its implications,both economic and militaryWith some 1.800 ocean-going vessels it wasnow the world's largest in terms of numbers,though not yet in tonnageEffort had been carefully directed to creatinga fleet that can perform a commercially competitivetask in peace-time and satisfy militarylogistic requirements in crisis or war. Sovietmerchant vessels have, in recent decades, beenincreasingly constructed to military standards,incorporating such key features as chemical-biological-radiologicalprotection, met eased enduranceand service speeds, improved capability Inhandling gear and self-servicing features, advancedcommunications, navigation and electronics.Including identification -friend-or-foesystems — systems which are restricted to navalships in the WestThe current Soviet Merchant Marine shipbuildingprogramme emphasises technologicalmodernisation in designs that have direct mil)tary applications These Include: roll-on/rotloH.roll-on float-off. lighter aboard ships andcontainer shipsThe operations of the Merchant Marine areclosely co-ordinated with naval requirementsfrom the Moscow level down to the smallestport facility. On a regular basis, in peacetime, asignificant amount of logistic support requiredby the Soviet Navy, especially In distant areas,is provided by merchantmen. This flexibilityallows Soviet merchant ships to obtain supplies(or naval use in ports where warship visits mightbe denied In a crisis, the highly organised.centrally controlled merchant fleet can providesuitable military support quickly and effectively,particularly for amphibious operations, troopmovements and arms shipments For example,to support military operations, the Soviet FarEast merchant fleet has an estimated capacity totransport up to seven motorised rifle or tankdivisions in a single lift operation if given appropriateconditions of sea and air superiorityTo ensure their readiness to perform suchAprtKhfM, 1M7ilssions. Soviet merchant ships areommanded by naval reserve officers andoutinery participate in naval exercisesAnother arm of Soviet maritime power isiieir fishing fleet, again the world's largest llnumbers some 3.800 vessels of over 100 grosstons, over half of which are of more than 1.000

CUP VISITOR A VETERANOne interesting ship operating inlocal waters for the duration of theAmerica's Cup race series was thepassenger ferry, TEAL.Displacing nearly S00 tonnes TEAL has hada 31 year career with two Commonwealthnavies and in three commercial rolesLaid down in the yards of Philip and SonLimited, of Dartmouth. England. In Januaryl u 53. she was commissioned as the RoyalNavy Ton class minesweeper HMSJACKTON. m 1955She was armed with two single 40 mmBofors guns and earned a complement of 34Along with five sister snips. HM Ships.CHEDISTON SWANSTON, SOMERl.EYTON SINGLETON and ALCASTON. shewas bought by the Royal Australian Navy in1962Re engtned and refitted at Brooke Manne aiLowestoft, she was commissioned in the RANas HMAS TEAL on 30 August. 1962On 1 October 1962. she sailed from Ponsmouth as a unit of the 16th Mine sweep in ySquadron, with her sister ships. HMA ShipsGULL. HAWK, IBIS. SNIPE and CURLEWThey arrived in Sydney on 7 DecemberOne of the more prominent tasks carried outby HMAS TEAL during her RAN serviceincluded sweeping a channel into TonoleiHarbour Bougainville, where 150 mines hadbeen laid by US aircraft in 1943. in October1963, with her squadronIn September 1964. the Indonesian Confrontalion emergency. HMAS TEAL, with sisterships IBIS and CURLEW were operating out ofSingapore, from where the three combinedwith Royal Navy and Malaysian warships inanti infiltration patrols in the Malaysian BorneoareaWhile on one of these patrols on 13December, TEAL intercepted two Indonesiansampans In a brief exchange of fire, onesampan surrendered and the other fled intoIndonesian watersHMAS TEAL sustained no damage orcasualties, whereas the captured sampan lostthree, killedThe ship's commanding officer. LieutenantK Munay. was awarded the DSC as a result ofthis action, and was the only RAN officer to bedecorated for service in the confrontationemergencyAlong with HMAS IBIS, she returned toSydney on 8 February. 1966, after 18 monthsservice off Malaysia They were relieved bysister ships. GULL and HAWKFrom late 1966. these two ships were basedat Darwin for service m northern waters and in1967. they earned out limited survey work offthe WA coast1970 saw TEAL with two other minesweepers,participate in the large scale exerciseBersatu Padu. in Malaysian watersThe 1970s saw TEAL operate in NewGuinea waters, clearing a war-time minefield offPort Moresby, participating in ANZUK navalforce exercises: visiting places such as Makasar.Darwin and Singapore, and carrying outfisheries patrols and exercises in Bass StraitPaid off for disposal in 1979. TEAL was soldto private Interests in Hobart, Tasmania, whereshe was stripped and converted into a prawntrawlerIn 1983. she was bought by Teal ProduceLimited of Hobart. which further modified theship into an abalone trawler mother vesseloperating in Tasmanian watersRecently, the wooden hulled TEAL wasextensively re fitted at Port Huon in Tasmania,and rebuilt as a passenger ferry, still retainingthe original bridge ho use superstructureArt of the bridge, a two-deck accommodationstructure has been built, and a bar and mealsservery area have been fitted Seating providesfor 300 passengersHMAS TEAL during the early 1970sTEAL rebuilt tor the America's Cup.by VIC 1EFFERYThe ship's stern has been modified with asmall diving platform landing stage structureAs an America's Cup spectator ship. TEALlooked immaculate, with her white hull andupperworksRailings and features were finished in lightblue, and her black-topped white funnel hasblue and red bandsA diagonal set of blue and red bands werepainted down the hull and she sports red Tasmanian tourism logos afiLike all thoroughbreds. TEAL carried her agePage Twenty THE NAVY Apr. I-June. 1987Sparrows Among The HawksSUipkwid Hmtiw

DRISTIGHETEN could carry no more than three aircraft, but wasable to supply and maintain a greater number Her original complementwas three S5 (He5S) seaplanes, later she carried one Heinkel HD19reconnaissance fighter floatplane (Swedish designation J4) and oneHeinkel HD16 float torpedo plane (Swedish designation Tl) The largedimensions of the Tl necessitated the reduction in aerial complementStill later she served as a harbour tender for the T2 (Hell5) and S12(Hell4) types, remaining in aviation service until 1944Decommissioned in 1947. she was used as a target ship and finally soldfor scrapping in 1961For use by GOTLAND, a new type of aircraft entered Swedishservice — the British Hawker Osprey reconnaissance-fighter, a twin-floatbiplane Unlike the British and Portuguese Ospreys. which werepostered by in line liquid-cooled engines. GOTLAND'S hadSwedish built Pegasus air-cooled radials Her catapult was a GermanHeinkel model Although she was designed to accommodate up to 11aircraft, budgetary restrictions resulted in only six Ospreys being acquiredfor herShortly after GOTLAND'S completion the separation of the Swedishnavy and air force became total when in 1936 continued politicalagitation for a more truly independent air service brought about a drasticreorganisation of the Fiygvnpet Under this restructuring the naval airwing was reduced to a "Co-operation" unit with a projecl strength of 32planesGOTLAND'S diminishing value as a seaplane carrier becameevident in World War II. as ship based floatplanes became increasinglyinferior in all categories of performance to land-based aircraftConsequently, she was stripped of her aviation equipment and rearmedas an anti-aircraft cruiser during 1943-44 She was again rearmed andfurther modernised dunng 1953-54 to serve as a training ship, a role sheperformed until paid off in 1960 She was broken up in 1962Inferior although seaplanes might be to landplanes. they were stilluseful for coastal patrol and associated duties, so to supplement itstenders, the Swedish navy in March. 1940. requisitioned the 1235-GRTmerchantman RANE of the Stockholm* Reden AB Svea She wasconverted to an auxiliary seaplane tender at Malmo. work beingcompleted June 25. 1940 Like JACOB BAGGE. she was not a trueseaplane carrier, but aircraft could be hoisted aboard for repair andmaintenance performed from a workshop fitted in the aft cargo holdRANE served until October. 1945. when she was returned to her ownerLater renamed ELEONORA. she was broken up in 1968A final craft used as a seaplane tender and naval air wing utilityboat, beginning in 1929. was the 58 ton V19 (ev-VB19), built in 1914 asa searchlight boat and rerated a vedette in 1918 She remained in navalservice until 1947.Page Twenty-twoTT&il&jE^^s.M'lamvrGOTLAND as built Two Ospreys share the /light deckTHE NAVYYUGOSLAVIAHE Royal Yugoslavian Navy's sole venture into shipboardaviation came with the commissioning of the seaplanecarrier/tender ZMAJ (Kile), built in Hamburg in 1928-30. Verylittle is known about this vessel, which apparently was intended to serveas a mobile maintenance, repair and supply station for seaplanesoperating from the many coves, bays and inlets of Yugoslavia's longAdnatic coast Her aircraft capacity is given as 10. but that seemsexcessive for her size and probably tefers to the number of planes shecould transport It is likely that the first aircraft she tended were FrenchHannnot H41 seaplanes, the early mainstay of the small Yugoslaviannaval air arm Later aircraft may have included some of the 12 GermanDormer Do22Kj floatplanes purchased in 1938ZMAJ fell into German hands during the 1941 invasion and wasrenamed, in a straightforward translation. DRACHE (Kite) In 1942.after having served as a Luftwaffe utility vessel, she was turned over tothe German navy and converted to a minelayer, being extensivelyrearmed As DRACHE. she operated a Flettner Fl 282 helicopter for atleast a short period during 1942. thus becoming one of the first warshipsin the world to be equipped with this type of aircraft She was sunk byBritish aircraft at Samos in December. 1944ConclusionsThe catapults that Spanish and Argentinian cruisers carried into the1950s were anachronisms even then, for the development of helicopterduring World War II spelled an end to a period of aeronaval history thatbegan when Glenn Curtiss' first seaplane was hoisted aboard the USSPENNSYLVANIA in 1911 The future of shipboard aviation resided inthe flight deck carrier and. for other warships, the helicopter Thebeginning of the changeover from seaplane to helicopter among thesmaller navies might be said to be symbolised by an event of May. 1950.when a float equipped Bell 47D helicopter made the first landing of sucha craft in the Argentinian navy touching down on the aft turret ofADMIRANTE BROWNThe utility of the rotary wing aircraft for shipboard use had longbeen foreseen, it could operate from small deck spaces and. unlike theseaplane. Hid not require a special launching device and did not dependupon favourable sea conditions for landing The merits of such a crafthad been reported to the US navy well before World War I The BritishAdmiralty's Airship. Aeroplane and Seaplane Subcommittee had studieda form of helicopter in 1915 The US. Italian and Spanish navies hadconducted shipboard tests of Aulogiros in the '30s In 1935, speculatingupon the future of the Autogiro. Oscar Parkes thought that its "'ability toarise and alight in a confined space would seem to presage the end ofthe catapult which now makes such a call upon deck space andweight ""' Four years later. Admiral Sir Barry Domvilk and two of hisassociates peered into a murky crystal ball and unwisely predicted thedemise of the flight-deck carrier but opined that "possibly a rota seaplaneis a suitable machine for capital ships "'•'Bringing such predictions into reality awaited the development of alruly practicable rotary-wing aircraft, which the Autogiro was notuilthougb a few Autogiros saw operational shipboard use by theJapanese during World War 11) Today, with operation ol helicoptersfeasible from nearly every type of warship, shipboard aviation occupies aYugoslavia's ZMAJ She waslater converted to a German minetoyemore important place in the world's smallest navies than ever before Itmay become even more important m the near future, for although theflight-deck carrier is still too expensive a proposition for most smallnavies, the development of V/STOL aircraft — which performed sosuccessfully in their first test of arms over the Falkland* - holds out thepossibility that warships of the small nations may soon carry such planesas proudly as they did seaplanes in the 1930sSALIENT PARTICULARS OF SMALLNA VY SEAPLANE CARRIERS/TENDERSName and nationalityInstighefen (Swedish)napf3.270Dimensions285 x 48 6 x 17 ItHP & Speed5.600; 17 MsArmamentNomina)aircru/lcapacity3lacob Bagqt (Swedish)VI9 (Swedish)Hane (Swedish)Teh Shang. Wei Shang(Chinese)Dedalo (Spanish)Albattoss (Australian)840 (FL)581.235 GRT.2.006 DW93210.8004.800220 x 27 x 9 ft75 x 16 x 7 ft254.8 x 37 x 14 It205 6x31 x 8 ft420 x 55 x206ft443 7 x 58(nominal)x 13 9ft249 6x429x116ft7.mai (Yugoslavian)1.870In -' sndaid tons unless otherwise indicatedIncluding aviation personnel where knownAlso equipped tor mineUvimj' Ati 4 7m removed when serving as lenderAbo 2 kit balloons and equipped for mooring eiOriginal armament, rearmed several times laterAs German Rroche. earned two 4 1m. five 37rr i AA. 13 20mm AA. P 433-5 For a photo of the Vought aboard Admaante Brown, see WI No 4.1974, p 384Foi a drawing of Albatross, noting he* similarity to Ark Royal, see WI No 2.1976. p 105' For additional details of these ships, and an appearance skclch. sec WI No 4.I%6, pp 335 64 3ln AA.4 MGAA. 2 25mm AA added inWWII'2 4 7in. 4 6pdr*1 37mm. 1 MG1 57mm AA, 1MG. in 1943. 2 40mm AA. 2 MG1 4 7in. 1 3ln.4MG2 4 lln. 2 57mm4 4 7in AA. 2 2pdr AA. 24 MG-1 4ln.'1N.I10914a IT1 For a photo ol an HM1 aboard Peter Skram. see WI No 3. 1966. p 239• For a photo of two WAs aboard Hartog Hendrifc. see Wt No 4, 1980. p 398? For a photo of a CV11W aboard Bonckert. see WI No 1. 1981. p95• The description of the protected Portuguese seaplane canter and its contractualhistory is taken from US Navy Office of Naval Intelligence Attache Reports ("ONIregisters"!. National Archives Record Group 38. entry 98. box 1270. file 4502.and suppbed by Christopher C Wright1 For a photo of an Osprey aboard ship, sec WI No 3. 1970. p 256 The aircraft isBritish, aboard HMS Suwex. but is identical in appearance except for nationalinsignia to those in Portuguese service; " Oscar Parkes. "A Forecast of World Navies." Scientific Amencon 153 No 5.November 1935 246-50" Adm Sir Barry DomvlUt. Vice Adm JET Harper and E H Baxter. "CapitalShips", m Charles W DomvtBe-Flle led). Evolution of Sea Power. London Rich& Cowan. 1939. p77 "Rota" was a British term for rotary-wing aircraft in generalApril-June, 1987 THE NAVY Ptge Twenty-three

BOOKRIfllWS-BATTLESHIP NEW JERSEY: AN ILLUSTRATEDHISTORY"By PAUL STILWELL.Published hi Arms and Armour Press.Australian Distributor Capricorn Link. SydneyPrice $56.85Reviewed by "Gayundah".The visii by the USS MISSOURI lo Australia in late 1986 fot the 75thAnniversary of the RAN. was a huge successdisplay then great interest in the mighly "Dreadnought"almost religiouslyAs this issue ofNot only did the publicbut ihe mediamade her one of the principal stars ol the eventThe Navy" goes lo press, the USN has returned toservice three of its four remaining battleships NEW JERSEY IOWA andMISSOURI while the fourth. WISCONSIN, has just begun hermodernisationThe book. 'Battleship NEW JERSEY An Illustrated History is amassive publication 319 pages long which describes and illustrates thetechnical operational and human history ol the ship The book is the firstlo treat a current day warship in sue'USS MISSOURI will be number two in the series)From the beginningI spectacular style land I hope thatthe drawing board and then keel laying inSeptember 1'Mt). to commissioning in May 1943. then through herservice in the Second World War. post war activities, then reserverecommissioning for Korea and then to reserve againAfter being laid upfor ten years. USS NEW JERSEY was uncommissioned in 1968-6'). andafter another 13 years in reserve, was modernised as a missile and gunplatform to counter the increasing Soviet naval threatApart from this almost too brief description of the ship's career, thepreface describes the rationale behind the hookreproduced herePari of this preface is"To go to sea in the USS NEW JERSEY In the 1980s is lo have thesense ihat she has managed lo transcend the normal limitations of limeThis feeling probably becomes most evident al mghl as she glides throughthe dark sea. ihe water making a swishing sound as it travels from bow lostern and leaves a luminescent wake bvnealh ihe starlil skyWith thecoming of night, the eyes no longer focus on ihe details which commandattention during daytimeInstead, the imagination conjures thousands ofnights past when this majestic giant has also moved beneath these samestarsThe darkness obscures ihe changes which have been wrought, morder to make her again a potent weapon, as she was when she first looklo the sea two generations agoA look back from the NEW JERSEY'S forecastle fills one with acertain knowledge of why battleships have inspired awe for so long In theforeground loom sin gun harries, each longer lhan many warships arewidenight skyBeyond them is her towering superstructure, climbing toward thatAnd one can see. also, the ship's bridge, illuminated by a dimred glow, as il was more than forty years ago. when this was Admiral BullHalsey's flagship al Leyte Gulfwith the fast carriers off the east coast of Koreathirty five years ago. when she steamednearly twenty years ago.when her thunderous salvos of gunfire saved ihe lives of US Marinesashore in Vietnam, and much more recently, when she was protectingMarines in Lebanon Now. more than four decades after doomsayerscalled Pearl Harbour the end of the line for battleshipsshe steams on yetagain, with Ihe same red glow from the bridge, ihe same imposing superstructure, and the same guns, which have for so long been a source ofaweThis ship, designed in 1938, has accommodated to the passage oftime and, in a sense, triumphed over it through the installation of today'stechnology"During the nocturnal walk about the forecastle comes the realisationthai there is much more to ihe ship than steel, guns andHundreds of Navy men breathe life and purpose into herelementsmissilesinanimateIt is they who give her a soul and they who inherit the legacyfrom thousands of NEW JERSEY men who have gone beforeMany ofthem have probably had feelings similar to 'hose expressed by one ofHerman Wouk's characters in The Came Mutiny,with the idea of seeing Admiral Halseybetween ihe NEW JERSEY and the CAINE"" he askshere, the real Navy' "when he came aboardCan't you feel the differenceThis is the NavyThe number and quality of photographs in Ihe book is excellentwell as the traditional s'up views, attention has been given to life onboard.the years in reserve and refitting for the three recommissiomngsThose who prefer the lechnical side of the ship and her systems, arenoi ignored Particulars of the ship in 1943. 1945. 1953. 1968 and 198182. are suppoited by some excellent line drawings These are preceded bya brief design history of NEW JERSEYThe book describes the ship up to mid 1986. as NEW JERSEY wasagain at the forefront of her nation's naval mightAsA book of this typeprovides excellent reading and viewing and is thoroughly recommended"THE WORLDS AIRCRAFT CARRIERS 1914-1945"By ROGER CHESNEAU.Published by Arms and Armour Press.Distributed by Capricorn Link.This 64 page, glossy booklet provides a brief photographic look at theformative years of the aircraft carrier through to the end of the SecondWorld WarAll carrier navies are depicted with emphasis, because of numbers ofships, on the Royal NavyNavyUnited Stales Navy and Imperial JapaneseThe illustrations reflect the crude nature of the early ships, the use lo'Aimii surplus battleships and battlecruisers were put in the 1920s, andeventually, the purpose built earnersescort carriersAlso depicted are the "Jeep", or"BRITISH DESTROYERS IN WORLD WAR ONE"By R. A. BURTPublished by Arms and Armour Press.Distributed by Capricorn Link.Another 64 pager from the Warships Illustrated series, BritishDestroyers in World Wat One" illustrates the development of this type ofwarship from the 1893 vintage boats, through to the famous and longlivedV and W class, four of which later transferred to the RANsuperblyWith few exceptions, most of the photographs havereproducedThe picture of HMS PEYTON, in May 1915. is ihe best of agreat selection; the M class boat is shown in incredibly heavy weather,almost completely awashByGood value and good reading"BATTLECRUISER INVINCIBLE"V. E. TARRANT.Published by Arms and Armour Press.Australian DislnbutorsCapricorn Link.INVINCIBLE - ihe super cruiser, first of her type, was arevolutionary design, almost as far reaching in its significance as DREADNOUGHT herselfLarge fast and powerfully gunned, she could overtakeand destroy any enemy cruiser foolish enough to wander about the Britishtrade roulesThat was the concept As a cruiser, she was a monster al 17.000tons almost twice as big as her nearest German equivalentAt the time,she was the longest warship in the world, faster than any battleship, fastereven than the fastest German liner And she was the second mostpowerful warship in existence, with the ability lo hurl more than four tonsof high explosive at her foe every minuteINVINCIBLELongWell could she bear the namelean, ferociously handsome, she was to be the unchallengedguardian of the trade routes And In her first action, she vindicated herselfin that role With her sister ship INFLEXIBLE, she annihilated theGerman cruiser squadron of Von Spee al Ihe Firsl Battle of the FalklandsBut. as the First World War went on. and as naval strategy evolved.INVINCIBLE and her sister battlecruisers were called upon to perform adifferent role in the context of main fleet actions Now they would be thescouting force, fast moving to locate the enemy battlefleet. then lure itonto the guns of the battleshipsAnd here their speed would not besufficient compensation for the tack ol armour lhat had been necessary toattain those extra knotsAt Jutland, INVINCIBLE perished m dramaticstyle under a hail of shells, blowing up spectacularly and breaking in twoOf her ship's company -— more lhan a thousand men — only six survivedAs first of the battlecruisers. she promised much, but her Achilles,heel — inadequate armour to face battleship guns — was inherited by afamily of beautiful, flawed warshipsAnd. 25 years later, the last of theline. HOOD, was to explode in exactly the same way under fire fromBISMARCKPage Twenty-fourTHEIAVY April-June, 1987

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