The pirates Grace O'Malley & Sir Francis Drake ... - Ireland in Schools

Ireland in SchoolsBirmingham Pilot SchemeEnglish & Irish history for primary schools Version 3, 11 September 2007The pirates Grace O’Malley & Sir Francis Drake:goodies or baddies?ContentsAbout this unit/helpful texts/lesson plansLessons, sources & worksheets1. What is a pirate?2. Are all pirates outlaws?3. Why did Elizabeth I meet the pirates Grace and Drake?4. Have the stories of Grace and Drake changed your views of pirates?Notes1. The pirates in Lesson 12. More about Grace O’Malley and Sir Francis Drake on the Internet3. What did Grace O’Malley look like?4. Drake's shopping list for the circumnavigation5. Every Child MattersKey Stage 2University of Birmingham BASS University of Northampton

About the study unitThis study unit is intended as a depth study within the Key Stage 2History curriculum when studying Britain and the wider world in Tudortimes.The key question asks: The pirates Grace O’Malley and Sir FrancisDrake: goodies or baddies?Using a variety of stimulus material, the unit encourages children toexplore the past by examining the image and reality of pirates, withparticular reference to Grace O’Malley and Sir Francis Drake.Prior knowledgeChildren will be expected to have hadprior knowledge of pirates and conflictsbetween Catholics and Protestants inTudor times.It would be helpful if the children hadsome understanding of historicalinterpretations and the use of sources.The key question leads children to consider what are the characteristicsof a pirate in popular culture, fiction and history; to challengestereotypes in the light of historical enquiry; and to develop a morenuanced concept of a pirate.The key question also lead to a better understanding of the complexitiesof life and values in Tudor times.The unit also offers scope for work in Literacy and Music.National Curriculum Historical objectives - Key Stage 21. Chronological understandinga. place events, people and changes into correctperiods of timeb. use dates and vocabulary relating to the passing oftime2. Knowledge and understanding of events, people andchanges in the pasta. characteristic features of the periods and societiesstudiedb. the social, cultural, religious and ethnic diversity ofthe societies studied in Britain and the wider worldc. identify and describe reasons for, and results of,historical events, situations, and changes in theperiods studied3. Historical interpretationrecognise that the past is represented and interpretedin different ways, and to give reasons for this4. Historical enquirya. find out about events, people and changes ... froman appropriate range of sources of information,including ICT-based sourcesb. ask and answer questions, and to select andrecord information, relevant to the focus of theenquiry5. Organisation and communicationa. recall, select and organise historical informationc. communicate their knowledge and understandingof history in a variety of ways.Every Child MattersThe unit fully embraces the Every Child Matters strategy - see Note 5.Helpful textsSir Francis Drake & His Daring Deeds by Andrew DonkinScholastic, Horribly Famous series, 0-43995-400-2Avoid Sailing with Francis Drake by David StewartThe Danger Zone series, Book House, 1-90508-752-7Rivalry & Conflict by Austin Logan & Kathleen GormleyColourpoint Books, 1-89839-212-9 (‘An illustratedintroduction to the main events in Britain, Ireland andEurope’, late 16 th to early 18 th centuries)Lesson plans on following page.Granuaile. Chieftain, Pirate, Trader by Mary MoriartyO’Brien Press, 0-86278-162-0Granuaile. The Life & Times of Grace O’Malley by AnneChambers, Wolfhound Press, 0-86327-631-8Granuaile. The Pirate Queen by Morgan LlywelynO’Brien Press, 0-86278-578-2 (historical fiction)The Ghost of Grania O’Malley by Michael MorpurgoEgmont, 0-74974-691-2IiS, Pirates: goodies or baddies?, 2

LessonKeyquestionStarter Activities HistoryNC1 What is apirate?Thought-showerpirates on the outlineof a person on thewall (whiteboard orsugar paper):-who are they?-what do they looklike?-what are they like?-when did they live?Put the moreimportantcharacteristics in themiddle and the otherstowards the outside.1. Modelling exercise. Watch the Lazy Town video ‘You are a Pirate’video http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=3AzpByR3MvI(for karaoke version, go tohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ylIuTCn02s).What have they done to look like pirates? How can you tell that theyare not really pirates?2. In groups, and using the Pirate Surveillance Report form, researchreal and fictional pirates on the Internet: Blackbeard, Anne Bonny,Captain Hook, Francois L’Ollonais, Long John Silver and JackSparrow. Who is the least scary and who is the most scary? Placethem all on a continuum line, with the least scary on the left and mostscary on the right. Justify your decisions.3. Feed back decisions.Identify which are real and which are fictional pirates and decidewhether fictional pirates are more scary than the real one.4. Plenary. What makes a pirate? Review you initial thought-showerand add to or change the list surrounding the person on the wall.34a*, b*5a, c2 Are allpiratesoutlaws?Should pirates bepunished?How should they bepunished?1. Show collage of two Elizabethan pirates, Grace O’Malley and SirFrancis Drake, with residences, ships, statues, meeting with ElizabethI.Divide class into two, one to look at Grace, the other at Drake. Whatcan you tell about Grace and Drake from these pictures?2. Whole class. Look for similarities and difference between Graceand Drake.Look at the coats of arms. Which one belongs to Grace. Which onebelongs to Drake? Place the coats of arms in the appropriatecenterpieces of the collages. Justify our decisions3. Whole class. How far do Grace and Drake fit your ideas aboutpirates and how they should be punished?4. Plenary. What do you need to find out to explain the pictures ofthese two pirates meeting Queen Elizabeth?(Questions could include: what had Grace and Drake done to cometo the attention of the queen; were they famous; had they killedanyone; why would the queen want to meet pirates; why were theynot in chains; why did they want to meet the queen; why are theynot at sea.)2a*, b4b*5a, c3 Why didElizabeth Imeet thepiratesGrace andDrake?Look at the picturesof Elizabeth meetingGrace and Drake.Use thought bubblesto show what shemight be thinking.1. Using the cards provided, and looking at the information sheet,sequence the events of the lives of Grace and Drake. Pick out what youthink are the most important three events in each of their lives and putthem on a fortune line.2. Find qualities or characteristics which explain why Elizabeth metGrace and Drake. Have you mentioned any of the qualities in yourthought-shower from Lesson 1?3. What effect did the meeting have on their lives?1a, b2a*, b, c*5a, c4 Have thestories ofGrace andDrakechangedyour viewsof pirates?Listen to or singthese two songsabout Grace andDrake: Óró sé dobheatha ‘bhaile(‘You Are WelcomeHome’) and Drake’sDrum.What do they sayabout Grace andDrake?1. Grace and Drake: goodies or baddies?a. Split class into four groups. Using the cards from Lesson 3, Group 1chooses an event which shows Grace in an heroic light; Group 2chooses an event which shows Grace in a bad light; Group 3 choosesan event which shows Drake in an heroic light; Group 4 chooses anevent which shows Drake in a bad light.b. As a class, match each group’s perceptions to the following: an Irishperson; an English person, a Spanish person, a West African slave.*c. As a class, who of these would be happy with the songs about Graceand Drake and who would be offended by them.2. Plenary. Show role on the wall. In the light of stories of Grace andDrake, have you views of pirates changed. If so how. If so, amend therole on the wall.* Note . This could be dealt with at several levels.2a*3*5a, cNB. If you have difficulty in obtaining resources from the Internet, please contact Ireland in Schools at:iisresources@yahoo.co.uk.IiS, Pirates: goodies or baddies?, 3

Lesson 1What is a pirate?Starter Activities HistoryNCThought-showerpirates on theoutline of a personon the wall(whiteboard or sugarpaper):-who are they?-what do they looklike?-what are they like?-when did they live?Put the moreimportantcharacteristics inthe middle and theothers towards theoutside.1. Modelling exercise. Watch the Lazy Town video ‘You are aPirate’ video: http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=3AzpByR3MvI*What have they done to look like pirates? How can you tellthat they are not really pirates?2. In groups, and using Pirate Surveillance Report form,**research real and fictional pirates on the Internet:Blackbeard, Anne Bonny, Captain Hook, Francois L’Ollonais,Long John Silver and Jack Sparrow. Who is the least scaryand who is the most scary? Place them all on a continuum line,with the least scary on the left and most scary on the right.Justify your decisions.3. Feed back decisions.Identify which are real and which are fictional pirates anddecide whether fictional pirates are more scary than the realone.4. Plenary. What makes a pirate? Review you initial thoughtshowerand add to or change the list surrounding the personon the wall.* For a karaoke version, go to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ylIuTCn02s.For a Pirates of the Caribbean version, go to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3NpSG0h_bo0.**The pirate flag is Blackbeard’s.34a*, b*5a, cL1, Activity 1Lazy Town video ‘You are a Pirate’ video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEBbu-wkKrsIiS, Pirates: goodies or baddies?, 4

L1, Activity 1Possible starting points for internet searchBlackbeard(Edward Teach)Anne BonnyCaptain HookFrancois L’Ollonais(Jean David Nau)Long John SilverJack Sparrowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackbeardhttp://www.nationalgeographic.com/pirates/bbeard.htmlhttp://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/blackbeard.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Bonnyhttp://www.thepiratesrealm.com/Anne%20Bonny.htmlwww.thewayofthepirates.com/famous-pirates/anne-bonny.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_Hookhttp://disney.go.com/vault/archives/villains/hook/hook.htmlhttp://clevermedia.tv/piratejokes/piratejokes20060721.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_l’Ollonaishttp://www.cindyvallar.com/lollonais.htmlhttp://www.thewayofthepirates.com/famous-pirates/francois-lollonais.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_John_Silverhttp://www.ukoln.ac.uk/services/treasure/contents.htmlhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6H7B-GDzKHkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Sparrowhttp://jacksparrow.moonfruit.com/http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/femail/article.html?in_article_id=457724&in_page_id=1879IiS, Pirates: goodies or baddies?, 5

XL1, Activity 2Office of the Pirate Hunter GeneralPirate Surveillance ReportSAY NO TO PIRATESYou are a senior naval spy out to catch a notorious pirate.You have to collect as much information as possible on this form.1. PersonalName:Date of birth(if known):Male/female:Relationship(s)(if any):2. Appearance (What do they look like?)Face:Clothes:Most important distinguishing feature:Any other distinguishing features:3. Methods & location (How & where do they operate?)Type of ship: Name of ship: Weapon of choice: Personal flag (if any):Where do they operate?Most important deeds:4. Scariness factor:Rate on the following scale (1 least scary; 10 most scary). Put a ring round your choice.1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 105. Suggested punishment: 6. Any other comments:Signed: _____________________________SENIOR NAVAL SPY FIRST CLASSDate: _____________________Form no: PHG/PSR01IiS, Pirates: goodies or baddies?, 6

Continuum line12Least scary345678Do you know whose flag this is?910Most scaryIiS, Pirates: goodies or baddies?, 7

Lesson 2Are all pirates outlaws?Starter Activities HistoryNCShould pirates bepunished?How should theybe punished?1. Show collage of two Elizabethan pirates, Grace O’Malley andSir Francis Drake, with residences, ships, statues, meeting withElizabeth I.Divide class into two, one to look at Grace, the other at Drake.What can you tell about Grace and Drake from these pictures?2. Whole class. Look for similarities and difference betweenGrace and Drake.Look at the coats of arms.* Which one belongs to Grace. Whichone belongs to Drake? Place the coats of arms in the appropriatecenterpieces of the collages. Justify our decisions.3. Whole class. How far do Grace and Drake fit your ideas aboutpirates and how they should be punished?4. Plenary. What do you need to find out to explain the picturesof these two pirates meeting Queen Elizabeth?(Questions could include: what had Grace and Drake done tocome to the attention of the queen; were they famous; had theykilled anyone; why would the queen want to meet pirates; whywere they not in chains; why did they want to meet the queen;why are they not at sea.)2a*, b4b*5a, c* Left: O’Malley coat of arms; ‘Powerful on land and sea’; ship, boar with bows/arrows, helmet, horse.Right: Drake’s coat of arms: ‘With God’s help’ (top); ‘Greatness from small beginnings’ (bottom); stars argent, helmet;globe; ship; waves.IiS, Pirates: goodies or baddies?, 8

Do you know that we do notknow what Grace reallylooked like?There is no contemporary(16 th century) of her and sowe have to use ourimaginations.L2, Activity 1CollageGrace O’MalleyStatue atWestport HouseRockfleet Castle,main homeWhichcoat of armsshould beplaced here?MeetingElizabeth I1593(18 th century engraving)Grace’sgalley(impression)IiS, Pirates: goodies or baddies?, 9

L2, Activity 1CollageSir Francis DrakeStatue atPlymouth HoeBuckland Abbeymain homeWhichcoat of armsshould beplaced here?Knighted byElizabeth I1581(19 th century painting)Golden Hind(impression)IiS, Pirates: goodies or baddies?, 10

L2, Activity 2Coats of ArmsIiS, Pirates: goodies or baddies?, 11

Lesson 3What is a pirate?Starter Activities HistoryNCLook at thepictures ofElizabeth meetingGrace and Drake.Use thoughtbubbles to showwhat she might bethinking.1. Using the cards provided, and looking at the informationsheet, sequence the events of the lives of Grace and Drake.Pick out what you think are the most important three events ineach of their lives and put them on a fortune line.2. Find qualities or characteristics which explain why Elizabethmet Grace and Drake. Have you mentioned any of the qualitiesin your thought-shower from Lesson 1?3. What effect did the meeting have on their lives?1a, b2a*, b, c*5a, cL3, StarterIiS, Pirates: goodies or baddies?, 12

Grace O’Malley was born in 1530, Francis Drakein 1534, probably. For most of their lives, QueenElizabeth I ruled England and came to rule thewhole of Ireland.It was a time when religion was extremelyimportant to people and England had becomeProtestant and was determined to remain so.It was also a time when England was growing inpopulation, power and wealth, and was alsobecoming more outward looking.It was anxious for more trade and for a sharein the profits which other European countrieswere making in the ‘New World’.Logan & Gormley, Rivalry & Conflict, pp 8-9As a Protestant, English sailor, Drake’s storywas relatively straightforward. He attackedthe Spanish and helped to subdue Ireland.Arguments about religion and trade meant thatEngland was at war with Spain for much ofDrake’s and Grace’s lives.# Catholic countries# Protestant countriesUnder Philip II, Spain was the leading Catholiccountry in Europe. It was also the one makingmost profit from the ‘New World’.IRELANDArguments about religion and resources alsomeant that England was at war with Irelandfor much of the lives of Grace and Drake.Ireland remained Catholic, an ally of Spain anda source of fertile land.SPAINMost of its leading chieftains did not want toaccept Tudor rule.Grace’s story was not so simple. As a Catholic,Irish chieftain, he attacked Spanish merchantships and either attacked the English inIreland or tried to make peace with them.L3, Activity 1: Information cardIiS, Pirates: goodies or baddies?, 13

L3, Activity 1: Cards for sorting - Grace O’MalleyO’Malley galleys in 1559There are three very good galleys* belongingto the O’Malleys that will carry 300 menapiece.These, if employed by Her Majesty, woulddo much good in the north, and theO’Malleys are much feared everywhere by sea.There are no galleys in Ireland but these.G1. English view of Grace’s usefulness, 1559.* Large ships using oars.In 1577, Grace was imprisoned in the ratinfesteddungeons of Dublin Castle. Many ofthose captured with were hanged but Gracewas lucky. She was released in 1579 oncondition that she gave up her pirate career.Grace O'Malley has not acted like a woman andhas caused a lot of problems as chiefcommander and director of thieves andmurderers at sea. She has thieved from thispart of Ireland.G2. English view of Grace’s activities, 1578.Elizabeth officials in Ireland refused tohonour the queen’s promise that Grace shouldlive in peace with her lands and property shouldbe restored.Grace died, probably in 1603. It is notabsolutely certain where she was buried.G3. Historian’s account to Grace imprisonment. G4. A summary of Grace’s declining years.Elizabeth's governor in the west of Irelandtook Grace’s lands and cattle, and even put herin jail.Finally, in 1593, Grace wrote to QueenElizabeth I to complain about his behaviour.She successfully asked for all her propertyback and for permission 'to invade with sword’Elizabeth’s enemies.G5. Grace’s son Tibbott (Toby-of-the-Ships) was bornaboard her ship. She defended her new-born son from anattack from Barbary Pirates.‘Terrified Englishsoldiers flee Hen’sCastle as Grace’smen pour moltenmetal down on them.’Grace let peopleknow that she was incharge after thedeath of herhusband, Donal theCock.G6. Grace’s petition to Elizabeth I, 1593.My dear Toby,Are you well, my son? ... Learn your letters,study Latin, and memorise the names of themajor seaports. Your older brothers ... aremerely simple warriors, all strength andshouting. I want more than that for you.Against an enemy as powerful as the English itis necessary to fight with one’s brain.Fortunately you and I both inherited goodbrains....Always,GranuaileG7. The defence of Hens castle, formerly Cock’s Castle G8. A modern author, Morgan Llywelyn, imagines a letterGrace might have written to Tibbott - Toby was theirsecret name for him - in 1575.IiS, Pirates: goodies or baddies?, 14

‘Upset when her fatherrefused to take her ona [sea] trip becauseshe was a girl, thestory goes that Gracecut off her hair anddonned male clothes.’‘An angry Gracesets out to takerevenge on her son,Murrough, who hadsupported theEnglish against her.’She killed some ofhis men and filledher boats withcattle and othergoods.G9. Grace loved the sea from an early age. 10. Grace could be very ruthless.HOWTH HEIR HIJACKEDInsulted and angry, Grace O’Malleyseized the Lord Howth’s son andheir, and took him to her castle.She only returned him after LordHowth promised that the gates ofHowth Castle, would never againbe closed to anyone looking forhospitality.He also promised that an extraplate would always be laid at thedinner table.The cause of the trouble wasthat, on returning from a tradingexpedition, Grace had beenrefused her dinner at the Castle.G11. 'The Legend of Howth Castle'. To this day an extraplace is set at the dinner table in Howth Castle.IiS, Pirates: goodies or baddies?, 15

G12. Grace’s sheltered but strategically-placed territory in Mayo (in red) and neighbouring countiesGalway and Clare - in light red) in the west of Ireland, the province of Connaught or Connacht.Acknowledgements: Chambers, Granuaile (G12), Llywelyn, Granuaile. The Pirate Queen (G8); Moriarty, Granuaile. Chieftain,Pirate, Trader (G7, 9, 10); Terry Deary, Horrible Histories. Ireland, Scholastic, 0-43901-436-0 (G5).IiS, Pirates: goodies or baddies?, 16

L3, Activity 1: Cards for sorting - Sir Francis DrakeOn 26 July 1575, Drake played a part in ashameful massacre of England's opponents inIreland.After the surrender of main castle onRathlin Island, the English massacred its 200occupants and then killed 400 others hiding incaves and cliffs.Queen Elizabeth congratulated her men ontheir success.D1. The Defence of Cadiz against Sir Francis Drake,Spaning painting, 1634. In the ‘singeing of the King ofSpain’s beard’ in April 1587, Drake and his crew burnt orstole 38 Spanish ships to delay the Armada.D2. Historian’s account of the ‘Rathlin massacre’, whichtook place on Rathlin Island, off Ireland’s north coast.Drake nearly lost his life and reputation in1568 when taking part in the slave trade withthe Spanish colonies.He and his boss, John Hawkins, were stoppedby large Spanish force at San Juan de Ullua.They made an agreement with their captors,but still the Spanish attacked.Many were killed and Drake hastily returnedto Plymouth. Hawkins accused him of desertion.Drake became Spain’s deadly enemy.BootyQueen Elizabeth's share of the booty that SirFrancis Drake brought back from his voyagearound the world was enough to pay offEngland's debts.She had financed the voyage with £1,000.She received £47,000 back.Drake received £10,000 himself, which madehim an extremely wealthy man in the 1500s.Drake's crew received not an single pound.D3. Disaster: a crucial moment in Drake’s life. D4. Historian’s estimate of the financial gains made fromDrake’s circumnavigation.The 23 [day] we set saile and stood up againfor Puerto Bello ...The 28 at 4 of the clocke in the morning ourGenerall sir Francis Drake departed this life,having bene extremely sicke of a fluxe,* whichbegan the night before to stop on him. Heused some speeches at or a little before hisdeath, rising and apparelling † himselfe, butbeing brought to bed againe within one houredied.D5. Drake’s death at sea in January 1596, as told by anEnglishmen whom Drake commanded on his last voyage.* Dysentery; † Dressing.D6. Drakes early ambitions, from Drake’s Secret Logbook,24 August 1547, by Andrew Donkin.IiS, Pirates: goodies or baddies?, 17

When the Spanish Armada was spotted off thecoast, Drake refused to interrupt his game ofbowls.D7. The Spanish Armada, 19 July 1558. Some say heknew the tide was against them and the English shipscould not leave harbour for a few hours.D8. Dining on penguins, from Drake’s Secret Logbook,Magellan Strait, 24-25 August 1579, by Andrew Donkin.D9. ‘Francis Drake’s Hat Stolen by Indian’ near Rio de la Plata, 1578. Note the burning Spanish ship.In 1572, Drake's first major independententerprise - to the Panama isthmus - nearlyended in disaster.He tried to capture the town of Nombre deDios, which was full of Spanish gold and silver.He had to give up when he was wounded.Luckily, he stayed around. The next year herobbed a richly laden mule train of the hugesum of £20,000 in gold and silver.D10. Drake’s first independent success- in alliance with aFrench buccaneer, Guillaume Le Testu.DRAKE DISPOSES OF DOUGHTYDrake had his close friend Thomas Doughtybeheaded for encouraging mutiny.His head was held up as a warningto the rest of the crew.The crew had become angrywhen they realised that they werenot going to collect currants fromEgypt.Instead, they were sailing whereno English ship had sailed before.D11. The execution of Thomas Doughty, June 1578.Drake did allow him tom choose his last meal.IiS, Pirates: goodies or baddies?, 18

D12. Drake’s circumnavigation, 1577-80.Acknowledgements: Donkin, Sir Francis Drake & His Daring Deeds (D 6, 7, 8, 12).IiS, Pirates: goodies or baddies?, 19

Lesson 4Have the stories of Grace and Drake changed your views of pirates?Starter Activities HistoryNCListen to or singthese two songsabout Grace andDrake: Óró sé dobheatha ‘bhaile(‘Your AreWelcome Home’)and Drake’s Drum.What do they sayabout Grace andDrake?1. Grace and Drake: goodies or baddies?a. Split class into four groups. Using the cards from Lesson 3,Group 1 chooses an event which shows Grace in an heroic light;Group 2 chooses an event which shows Grace in a bad light;Group 3 chooses an event which shows Drake in an heroic light;Group 4 chooses an event which shows Drake in a bad light.b. As a class, match each group’s perceptions to the following: anIrish person; an English person, a Spanish person, a WestAfrican slave.*c. As a class, who of these would be happy with the songs aboutGrace and Drake and who would be offended by them.2. Plenary. Show role on the wall. In the light of stories of Graceand Drake, have you views of pirates changed. If so how. If so,amend the role on the wall.*Note . This could be dealt with at several levels.2a*3*5a, cL4, StarterÓró sé do bheatha ‘bhaileVarious version of can be downloaded from the Internet.Best for singalongClancy Brothersstatic video but clear audiohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03m7KbgchZ4Fun Sinead O’Connor - video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ImW2sqzZNmQBlueridgecelticfusion Trasna - mp3 http://cdbaby.com/cd/trasnaGarage Green Man - mp3 (excerpt) http://www.garageband.com/song?%7Cpe1%7CS8LTM0LdsaSkZFW3ZWsSentimental Wolfe Tones - video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RAay_nFMWkMFilmWind that Shakes theBarleyMarching songhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v9x6fG3QrBEPurist Darach Ó Catháin http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=3AFRCWg_kOcDrake’s DrumThere seems to be only one free download, an mp3 at:www.klassikakzente.de.The drum itself - right - is on display at Buckland Abbey.IiS, Pirates: goodies or baddies?, 20

Drake’s DrumDRAKE he’s in his hammock an’ a thousand mile away,(Capten, art tha sleepin’ there below?)Slung atween the round shot in Nombre Dios Bay,An’ dreamin’ arl the time o’ Plymouth Hoe.Yarnder lumes the island, yarnder lie the ships,Wi’ sailor lads a-dancin’ heel-an’-toe,An’ the shore-lights flashin’, an’ the night-tidedashin’He sees et arl so plainly as he saw et long ago.The drum which went with Drake on his circumnavigationhas become something of a symbol - a rallying cry in timesof national emergencies. It is claimed that it can be heardat times when England is at war or significant national eventtakes place. For example, some said they heard the drumwhen Britain’s greatest naval hero, Admiral Lord Nelson,was made a freeman of Plymouth. The most recentoccasions on which the drum roll was said to have beenheard were during the Dunkirk evacuation in 1940, and theFalklands War in 1982.by Henry NewboltDrake he was a Devon man, an’ ruled the Devon seas,(Capten, art tha sleepin’ there below?),Rovin’ tho’ his death fell, he went wi’ heart at ease,An’ dreamin’ arl the time o’ Plymouth Hoe,‘Take my drum to England, hang et by the shore,Strike et when your powder’s runnin’ low;If the Dons sight Devon, I’ll quit the port o’ Heaven,An’ drum them up the Channel as we drummedthem long ago.’Drake he’s in his hammock till the great Armadascome,(Capten, art tha sleepin’ there below?),Slung atween the round shot, listenin’ for the drum,An’ dreamin’ arl the time o’ Plymouth Hoe.Call him on the deep sea, call him up the Sound,Call him when ye sail to meet the foe;Where the old trade’s plyin’ an’ the old flag flyin’,They shall find him, ware an’ wakin’, as they foundhim long ago.Óró sé do bheatha ‘bhaile* - Granuaile as a metaphor for IrelandThis is taken from the Clancy Brothers’ version. Other version, such as Sinead O’Connor’s, start with the chorus.‘Sé do bheatha a bhean ba léanmhar!Bé ár gcreach tú bheith i ngéibhinnDo dhúiche bhreá i seilbh meirleachIS tú díolta leis na Ghallaibh!Welcome Oh woman who was so afflictedIt was our ruin that you were in bondageOur fine land in the possession of thievesAnd sold to the foreignersby Patrick PearseChorus:Óró, sé do bheatha ‘bhaileÓró, sé do bheatha ‘bhaile!Óró, sé do bheatha ‘bhaile!Anois ar theacht an tsamhraidh!A bhuí le Rí na bhfeart go bhfeiceamMuna mbíonn beo ‘na dhiaidh ach seachtainGráinne Mhaol agus mile gaisciochAg fógairt fáin ar Ghallaibh!Óró! You are welcome homeÓró! You are welcome homeÓró! You are welcome homeNow that summer is comingMay it please the God of Miracles that we may seeAlthough we only live a week after itGrainne Mhaol and a thousand warriorsDispersing the foreignersChorusTá Gráinne Mhaol ag teacht thar sáile,Óglaigh armtha léi mar ghardaGaeil iad féin is ní Gaill ná Spáinnigh‘S cuirfid siad ruaig ar Ghallaibh!Grainne Mhaol is coming over the seaArmed warriors along with her as guardThey are Irishmen, not English or SpanishAnd they will rout the foreignersChorusSee next page for a rough phonetic version* Traditional air.This song is about dates from Grace O’Malley’s own lifetime as a song welcoming her home after one of the occasions in which she was heldcaptive by the English.Padriac Pearse, one of the leaders of the Irish Rebellion of 1916, composed the poem, upon which modern versions of the song are based, asinvitation to all the Irishmen in Europe who were fighting for the British Empire and the freedom of small nations to come home and tackle theancient foe on their own little island.IiS, Pirates: goodies or baddies?, 21

Irish‘Sé do bheatha a bhean ba léanmhar!Bé ár gcreach tú bheith i ngéibhinnDo dhúiche bhreá i seilbh meirleachIS tú díolta leis na Ghallaibh!Rough PhoneticShay duh vah-ha uh vahn bah layn-var,B-Ay air grack too veh EEnn gay-vin,Do-oo-EEv rah-EE shay-live mare-lawchk...Iss too deal-tah lesh nah Gah-live!Chorus:Óró, sé do bheatha ‘bhaileÓró, sé do bheatha ‘bhaile!Óró, sé do bheatha ‘bhaile!Anois ar theacht an tsamhraidh!Oh-roe shay duh vah-ha wall-ya,Oh-roe shay duh vah-ha wall-ya,Oh-roe shay duh vah-ha wall-yaaa,Ah-nish air hawkt un tauw-rEE!A bhuí le Rí na bhfeart go bhfeiceamMuna mbíonn beo ‘na dhiaidh ach seachtainGráinne Mhaol agus mile gaisciochAg fógairt fáin ar Ghallaibh!Ah vEE leh rEE nah vairt guh veck-annMun-uh mEEn b-yo in-uh jeh-i(d)-ock shawktanGran-yah wail iss mEE-leh gahsh-kEE...Egg foe-gurt fahn air Gah-liveChorusTá Gráinne Mhaol ag teacht thar sáile,Óglaigh armtha léi mar ghardaGaeil iad féin is ní Gaill ná Spáinnigh‘S cuirfid siad ruaig ar Ghallaibh!Tah gran-yah wail egg chawkt ar saul-yahOh-gulEE ar-muh lay mahr gard-uhGayl EE-ad fayn iss nEE Gahl nah spahn-EE...Iss cur-fee(d) shEE-id roo-ig air Gah-live!ChorusIiS, Pirates: goodies or baddies?, 22

Note 1Pirates in Lesson 1Blackbeard (c. 1680-1718)Also known as Edward Teach. Notorious Golden Age pirate renowned for his devilish appearanceand rule-by-fear tactics.Bonny, Ann (c. 1698, date of death unknown)Irish pirate who was partnered with Jack Calico Jack in the Caribbean during the Golden Age.Hook, CaptainRenowned fictional bewigged pirate featured in J.M. Barrie’s legendary Peter Pan.L’Ollonais, Francois (c. 1635 - c. 1668)Born Jean David Nau. One of the most cruel and sadistic pirates known. Based in Toruga, he wasdubbed Flail of the Spaniards by the Spanish.Silver, Long JohnOne-legged fictional pirate of Robert Louis Stevenson’s Treasure Island who walked with a crutchand sported a parrot on his shoulder.Sparrow, Captain JackThe fictional character in the Pirates of the Caribbean universe. He was introduced in the filmPirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003) and the back-to-back sequels, DeadMan’s Chest (2006) and At World’s End (2007), where he was played by Johnny Depp.IiS, Pirates: goodies or baddies?, 23

Note 2More about Grace O’Malley and Sir Francis Drake on the InternetGrace O’Malley1. VideosWarrior Women 2 - Grace O’Malley. Short documentaryhosted by Lucy Lawless; 8+ minshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAm2kAlP-KQA Pirate’s Life for She. Morgan Llywelyn on Granuailebecoming a musical; 4 minshttp://video.google.co.uk/videoplay?docid=3446421899632807146Granuaile. Sung by Rita Connolly; 10 minshttp://video.google.co.uk/videoplay?docid=-8307735547834017733b. Textshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_O’MalleyWikipediahttp://www.graceomalley.com/whowasgrace.php‘The Official Site’ by Anne chambers. Grace’s biographerhttp://journals.aol.co.uk/iis04/GraceOMalleyIreland in Schools resourceswww.geocities.com/Heartland/Park/7669/granuaile.htmlGood contextwww.omalley_clan.org/uow/omalley_web/granuaile.htmWeb resourceshttp://bestoflegends.org/pirates/grainne.htmlPirates and privateers.http://www.thepirateking.com/bios/omalley_grace.htmAn excellent resource for pirates and their vesselswww.rootsweb.com/~nwa/grace.htmlBiography of Grace O’Malley, Irish Chieftain, pirate,trader and seafarer.http://www.rencentral.com/oct_nov_vol1/graceomalley.shtmlIllustrated biographywww.themediadrome.com/content/articles/history_articles/grace_omalley.htm‘Put down that Barbie doll, sweetie, I have a story foryou…’http://home.fiac.net/marshaw/mhaille.htmInformativewww.angelfire.com/dragon2/supercooper/index.htmQuestions about Grace, but with annoying pop-upshttp://www.irishcultureandcustoms.com/1Kids/PlateHowth.htmlThe Howth storywww.guardian.co.uk/travel/2007/apr/08/escape.ireland.restandrelaxationA tourist attractionSir Francis Drakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_DrakeWikipedia, the free encyclopediahttp://www.mcn.org/2/oseeler/drake.htmExtensive pages on Sir Francis Drake and hiscircumnavigation of the world on the Golden Hind.http://www.indrakeswake.co.uk/index.htmClaims, with some justification, to be the best Drake websitehttp://www.activehistory.co.uk/Miscellaneous/free_stuff/google_earth/drake/index.htmLessons on Drake’s Circumnavigation: 1. StructuredQuestions about Drake’s Circumnavigation2. Living Graph of Drake’s Circumnavigation 3. Sir FrancisDrake: Hero or Villain? 4. Working with Primary Sources:Text Account 5. Working with Primary Sources: PictorialAccount 6. Making a Google Earth Tour of Drake’sCircumnavigationhttp://library.thinkquest.org/J002678F/sir_francis_drake.htmIllustrated page created by students provides anoverview of Drake’s entire life.www.nmm.ac.uk/server/show/conWebDocNational Maritime Museumhttp://www.mariner.org/educationalad/ageofex/drake.phpThe Mariners’ Museum: Newport News, Virginiahttp://www.snaithprimary.eril.net/sailor.htm‘Come and travel with Sir Francis Drake on his epicvoyage around the world.’http://bestoflegends.org/pirates/drake.htmlExploring Legends in History, Folklore, Literature,Fiction, and the Arts: Pirates and Privateerswww.elizabethan_era.org.uk/sir_francis_drake.htmSir Francis Drake in Elizabethan contexthttp://international.loc.gov/intldl/drakehtml/rbdktime.htmlDrake timelinehttp://hdl.loc.gov/loc.rbc/rbdk.catalogSir Francis Drake: A Pictorial Biography by Hans P. KrausIiS, Pirates: goodies or baddies?, 24

Note 3What did Grace O’Malley look like?We do not know what Grace looked like. While there are many contemporary picturesof Sir Francis Drake, there is no surviving picture of Grace from her own lifetime.The nearest we have is this portrait of her great-great granddaughter, Maud Burke,who was born around 1642.The result is that people make up their own minds of what Grace looked like, as thisselection of modern pictures shows.Here are two eighteenth century pictures of Grace.Left: This 1616 picture shows the sort of clothesa woman of Grace’s standings wore.Right: Painted in 1591, this is probably themost famous portrait of Drake.IiS, Pirates: goodies or baddies?, 25

Note 4Drake’s shopping list for the circumnavigationDonkin, Sir Francis Drake & His Daring Deeds, p. 57IiS, Pirates: goodies or baddies?, 26

Note 5Every Child MattersEvery Child Matters Evidence in History We doBe healthyPhysically healthyMentally and emotionally healthySexually healthyChoose not to take illegal drugs.Stay safeSafe from maltreatment, neglect, violenceand sexual exploitationSafe from accidental injury and deathSafe from bullying and discriminationSafe from crime and anti-social behaviourin and out of school.Have security, stability and cared for.Enjoy and achieveReady for schoolAchieve stretching national andeducational standards at primary schoolAchieve personal and social developmentand enjoy recreation.Make a positive contributionEngage in decision-making and support thecommunity and environmentEngage in law-abiding and positivebehaviour in and out of schoolDevelop positive relationships and choosenot to bully and discriminateDevelop self-confidence and successfullydeal with significant life changes andchallengesDevelop enterprising behaviour.Achieve economic well-beingEngage in further education, employmentor training on leaving schoolReady for employment.Live in decent homes and sustainablecommunitiesAccess to transport and material goodLive in households free from low income.Developing self esteem by includingaspects of a pupil’s community’shistory.Developing a questioning disposition sopupils do not take things at face value.Challenging stereotypes and exploringthe histories of different people and theirsociety or context.Providing opportunities to explore andvalue pupil’s identity and place in theworld.Providing opportunities to enjoy findingout exciting and interesting experiencesof different people in the past.Providing opportunities to enjoy andreach their potential through a widerange of teaching and learningexperiences (e.g. drama).Providing opportunities to workcollaboratively, e.g. in discussion.Providing an appreciation of a child’splace in the wider world by exploringthe achievement of other people withintheir society and other parts of theworld.Providing opportunities to developliteracy and communication skills toexplore historical issues.Providing opportunities for problemsolving when exploring historicalquestions.Developing critical abilities whenexamining sources such as artefacts,pictures etc.By focussing on an Irish femalepirate we give status to those ofIrish ancestry and girls.The unit challenges the image ofpirates.The unit a highlights the heroicnature of female characters sooften written out of history. It alsoshows the violent reality ofpiracy.By providing a Unit that is notAnglo-centric in approach andlooks at the ‘wider world’.The unit deals with an interesting,popular and ‘Romantic’ historicaltopic.A range of pedagogic devices areused enabling all pupils toexperience success.Throughout the unit pupils workin a variety of grouping andways.The Unit challenges stereotypicalviews of people i.e. pirates,women.The unit places the characters ina variety of contexts thusemphasising the global nature ofthe stories.The pupils communicate theirconclusions in a variety of waysin the unit.Problem solving is central to theactivitiesThe core of the unit is tochallenge popular concepts ofpiracy and lawlessness.IiS, Pirates: goodies or baddies?, 27

Ireland in Schools19 Woodlands RoadLiverpoolL17 0AJTel: 0151 727 6817Email: iisresources@yahoo.co.ukweb site: http://.iisresource.orgFor more free teaching & learning resources