Symbiotic Fungi: Principles and Practice (Soil Biology)

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Contributors xxi Marc St-Arnaud Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Jardin botanique de Montréal, 4001 East, Sherbrooke Street, Montreal, QC, Canada H1X 2B2 marc.st-arnaud@umontreal.ca M.T. Tarkka UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Soil Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle, Germany Benoit Valot UMR de Génétique Végétale, IFR 87, Plate-Forme de Protéomique du Moulon, Gif sur Yvette, France Ingrid M. van Aarle Université catholique de Louvain, Unité de Microbiologie, Croix du Sud 3/6, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium imvaarle@hotmail.com Ajit Varma Amity Institute of Microbial Technology (AIMT), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India ajitvarma@aihmr.amity.edu Primozˇ Vavpetič Jozˇef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Mauritz Vestberg MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research Laukaa, Antinniementie 1, FIN-41330 Vihtavuori, Finland mauritz.vestberg@mtt.fi Katarina Vogel-Mikusˇ Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia L. Voets Université catholique de Louvain, Unité de Microbiologie, Croix du Sud 3, 1348 Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium G. Winkelmann Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany winkelmann@uni-tuebingen.de
Chapter 1 Symbiosis: The Art of Living Aparajita Das and Ajit Varma 1.1 Introduction The term symbiosis (from the Greek: sym, ‘‘with’’; and biosis, ‘‘living’’) commonly describes close and mostly long-term interactions between different biological species. The term was first used in 1879 by the German mycologist, Heinrich Anton de Bary, who defined it as ‘‘the living together of unlike organisms’’. In symbiosis, at least one member of the pair benefits from the relationship. The other member may be injured, i.e., have the parasitism association, or be relatively unaffected, i.e., have the commensalism association. Another type of relationship is mutualism; in this type both the partners get benefit from the associationship (Fig. 1.1). In this current chapter, we will discuss the term symbiosis only in relationship to these mutually beneficial interactions. Endosymbiosis is any symbiotic relationship in which the symbionts lives within the tissues of the host, either in the intracellular space or extracellularly. Examples are nitrogen-fixing bacteria (called rhizobia) which live in root nodules on legume roots, Actinomycete nitrogen-bacteria called Frankia which live in alder tree root nodules, single-celled algae inside reef-building corals, and bacterial endosymbionts that provide essential nutrients to about 10–15% of insects. Ectosymbiosis, also referred to as exosymbiosis, is any symbiotic relationship in which the symbiont lives on the body surface of the host, including the inner surface of the digestive tract or the ducts of exocrine glands. Examples of this include ectoparasites such as lice, commensal ectosymbionts, such as the barnacles that attach themselves to the jaw of baleen whales, and mutualist ectosymbionts such as cleaner fish. A. Das and A. Varma (*) Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201303, India e-mail: ajitvarma@aihmr.amity.edu A. Varma and A.C. Kharkwal (eds.), Symbiotic Fungi, Soil Biology 18, 1 DOI: 10.1007/978‐3‐540‐95894‐9_1, # Springer‐Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009
Page 2 and 3: Soil Biology Volume 18 Series Edito
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Page 6 and 7: Foreword So old, so new... More tha
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50 I.A.F. Djuuna et al. Saito M (19
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52 M. Giovannetti et al. evidenced
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54 M. Giovannetti et al. a c e Ster
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56 M. Giovannetti et al. 4.2.4 Rema
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58 M. Giovannetti et al. a b c Fig.
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60 M. Giovannetti et al. to 4.1 mm
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62 M. Giovannetti et al. The detect
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64 M. Giovannetti et al. Jones MD,
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66 A. Gobert and C. Plassard NO3 fl
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68 A. Gobert and C. Plassard After
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70 A. Gobert and C. Plassard with k
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72 A. Gobert and C. Plassard 10 9 2
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74 A. Gobert and C. Plassard Fig. 5
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76 A. Gobert and C. Plassard connec
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80 A. Gobert and C. Plassard Net fl
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82 A. Gobert and C. Plassard a Rati
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84 A. Gobert and C. Plassard - upta
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86 A. Gobert and C. Plassard Table
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88 A. Gobert and C. Plassard Newman
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90 I.M. van Aarle as mycorrhizal hy
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92 I.M. van Aarle a wash buffer. Th
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94 I.M. van Aarle l Usually 20-50 m
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96 I.M. van Aarle Fig. 6.1 Extramat
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98 I.M. van Aarle A disadvantage of
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Chapter 7 In Vitro Compartmented Sy
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Chapter 8 Use of the Autofluorescen
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8 Use of the Autofluorescence Prope
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Chapter 9 Role of Root Exudates and
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9 Role of Root Exudates and Rhizosp
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Chapter 10 Assessing the Mycorrhiza
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10 Assessing the Mycorrhizal Divers
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178 D. Krüger et al. 8. Wash the p
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180 D. Krüger et al. Table 10.1 Ty
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182 D. Krüger et al. appear are in
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184 D. Krüger et al. tool such as
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186 D. Krüger et al. Ishikawa J, T
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188 D. Krüger et al. Sammeth M, Ro
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190 Z.M. Solaiman hyphae have been
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192 Z.M. Solaiman 11.2.2 Isolation
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194 Z.M. Solaiman 11.3 Conclusions
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Chapter 12 Interaction with Soil Mi
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12 Interaction with Soil Microorgan
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Chapter 13 Isolation, Cultivation a
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13 Isolation, Cultivation and In Pl
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228 K. Vogel-Mikusˇ et al. only be
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232 K. Vogel-Mikusˇ et al. such sp
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234 K. Vogel-Mikusˇ et al. STIM de
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236 K. Vogel-Mikusˇ et al. transfe
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Table 14.1 Element concentrations w
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240 K. Vogel-Mikusˇ et al. Fig. 14
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242 K. Vogel-Mikusˇ et al. Frey B,
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244 E. Dumas-Gaudot et al. TEMED N,
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246 E. Dumas-Gaudot et al. system i
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248 E. Dumas-Gaudot et al. Bromophe
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250 E. Dumas-Gaudot et al. taken to
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252 E. Dumas-Gaudot et al. Note 6:
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254 E. Dumas-Gaudot et al. by Bradf
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256 E. Dumas-Gaudot et al. 3. Take
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258 E. Dumas-Gaudot et al. solubili
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260 E. Dumas-Gaudot et al. Table 15
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262 E. Dumas-Gaudot et al. Table 15
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264 E. Dumas-Gaudot et al. Followin
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266 E. Dumas-Gaudot et al. Once hom
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268 E. Dumas-Gaudot et al. to both
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270 E. Dumas-Gaudot et al. were the
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272 E. Dumas-Gaudot et al. Dumas-Ga
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274 E. Dumas-Gaudot et al. Valot B,
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276 P.A. Olsson Fig. 16.1 Schematic
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278 P.A. Olsson Furthermore, C tran
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280 P.A. Olsson in AM fungi and a h
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282 P.A. Olsson (Graham et al. 1995
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284 P.A. Olsson Nakano A, Takahashi
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286 X.H. He et al. In many cases, N
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288 X.H. He et al. Table 17.1 Exper
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290 X.H. He et al. 17.3.1.1 Comment
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Chapter 18 Analyses of Ecophysiolog
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18 Analyses of Ecophysiological Tra
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308 I. Brito et al. fungi, little i
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310 I. Brito et al. 60% of moisture
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312 I. Brito et al. Thompson 1990;
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314 I. Brito et al. 19.8 Crop Rotat
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316 I. Brito et al. References Abbo
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318 I. Brito et al. Smith SE, Read
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320 F. Feldmann et al. inoculum of
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322 F. Feldmann et al. Table 20.1 B
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324 F. Feldmann et al. transferred
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326 F. Feldmann et al. 20.3.3 The A
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328 F. Feldmann et al. Inoculum is
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330 F. Feldmann et al. Fig. 20.5 Pr
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332 F. Feldmann et al. value for th
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334 F. Feldmann et al. of abiotic a
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336 F. Feldmann et al. Lackie SM, B
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338 M. Vestberg and A.C. Cassells b
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340 M. Vestberg and A.C. Cassells M
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342 M. Vestberg and A.C. Cassells a
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348 M. Vestberg and A.C. Cassells M
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350 M. Vestberg and A.C. Cassells 2
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360 M. Vestberg and A.C. Cassells V
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362 A. Baldi et al. the capabilitie
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364 A. Baldi et al. 22.2.3 Initiati
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366 A. Baldi et al. 2. Place inocul
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368 A. Baldi et al. 22.5 Analysis 2
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370 A. Baldi et al. 22.5.4 Phenylal
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372 A. Baldi et al. Nicholas JB, Jo
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374 A. Baldi et al. Among these, fu
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376 A. Baldi et al. 3. Place one ex
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378 A. Baldi et al. 23.4 Analysis F
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380 A. Baldi et al. Chattopadhyay S
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382 A. Sirrenberg et al. physical c
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384 A. Sirrenberg et al. Fig. 24.1
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390 A. Sirrenberg et al. in Fig. 24
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392 A. Sirrenberg et al. 24.5.2 Tru
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394 K. Haselwandter and G. Winkelma
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404 E. Mohammadi Goltapeh et al. Fi
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406 E. Mohammadi Goltapeh et al. Th
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408 E. Mohammadi Goltapeh et al. 26
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410 E. Mohammadi Goltapeh et al. co
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412 E. Mohammadi Goltapeh et al. Tw
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414 E. Mohammadi Goltapeh et al. Co
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416 E. Mohammadi Goltapeh et al. qu
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420 E. Mohammadi Goltapeh et al. Ch
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Index A A. bisporus var. burnettii,
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Index 425 Dark septate root endophy
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Index 427 Leghemoglobin, 11 Lentinu
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Index 429 Proteomics, 244 Protoplas
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Symbiotic Fungi: Principles and Practice (Soil Biology)

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