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The van’t Hoff Factor• Since 1 mole of an electrolyte produces2, 3, 4 or even 5 dissolved particles,these substances have 2, 3, 4 or even 5times the effect on freezing and boilingpoints as non-ionizing solutes.• Thus we make an adjustment to ouroriginal equations for calculating theboiling and freezing point changes.
The van’t Hoff Factor• ΔT b = k b m i• ΔT f = k f m i• i = the van’t Hoff factor. Simply find thenumber of ions produced when thesubstance dissolves and put it into theequation.• Animation of NaCl dissolving in solution.
Page 1 and 2: Colligative PropertiesThe Physical
Page 3 and 4: Molality• Molality measures the m
Page 5 and 6: Molality• Example:What is the mol
Page 7 and 8: Molality• Determine the molality
Page 9 and 10: Molality• Convert grams of solven
Page 11 and 12: Changes in Vapor Pressure• Animat
Page 13 and 14: Solution Vapor Pressure• But what
Page 15 and 16: Boiling Point Elevation• There is
Page 17 and 18: Freezing Solutions• Solutions typ
Page 19 and 20: Practical Applications• Antifreez
Page 21: The van’t Hoff Factor• We have
Page 25 and 26: Heat of Solution• Most materials
Page 27 and 28: Endothermic Heat of SolutionNH 4 Cl
Page 29 and 30: Exothermic Heat of SolutionCaCl 2 (
Page 31 and 32: Calculating Heat Exchange• A simp
Page 33 and 34: Calculating Heat Exchange• The sp

Colligative Properties PowerPoint

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