Colligative Properties PowerPoint

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Changes in Boiling and FreezingPoints• The presence of solute particles affects theboiling and freezing points of a liquid.• Boiling point is always increased (boilingpoint elevation.)• Since the vapor pressure is lower to start, theliquid must be hotter for the vapor pressure toequal the pressure of the gas above theliquid.
Boiling Point Elevation• There is a simple formula for calculating thechange in boiling point.• ΔT b = k b m• ΔT b is the change in the boiling temp., addedto the liquid’s original BP.• k b is the ‘molal boiling point constant’ whichdepends on the solvent. For water, k b is0.51°C/molal• m is the molality of the solution.
Page 1 and 2: Colligative PropertiesThe Physical
Page 3 and 4: Molality• Molality measures the m
Page 5 and 6: Molality• Example:What is the mol
Page 7 and 8: Molality• Determine the molality
Page 9 and 10: Molality• Convert grams of solven
Page 11 and 12: Changes in Vapor Pressure• Animat
Page 13: Solution Vapor Pressure• But what
Page 17 and 18: Freezing Solutions• Solutions typ
Page 19 and 20: Practical Applications• Antifreez
Page 21 and 22: The van’t Hoff Factor• We have
Page 23 and 24: The van’t Hoff Factor• ΔT b =
Page 25 and 26: Heat of Solution• Most materials
Page 27 and 28: Endothermic Heat of SolutionNH 4 Cl
Page 29 and 30: Exothermic Heat of SolutionCaCl 2 (
Page 31 and 32: Calculating Heat Exchange• A simp
Page 33 and 34: Calculating Heat Exchange• The sp

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