Level 1 Umpire Accreditation Manual - AFL Community

AcknowledgementsThe Level One Manual for Field, Boundary and GoalUmpires is published by the Australian Football League.© Copyright AFL 2012.The AFL acknowledges David Levens from GlenlyonConsulting who was responsible for developing andpreparing the manual. He was assisted by a nationalreference group consisting of Scott Van Nordennenand Austin Diffey (Victoria), Darius Samojlowicz(New South Wales) and Bob Webb and Wayne Youd(Tasmania). Thanks also to the following for theircontributions – Peter Howe (former AFL Umpires’Assistant Coach), Neil McLean (AFL Goal UmpiringTechnical Consultant) and Ashley Sandison(AFL Boundary Umpiring Technical Consultant).The AFL also acknowledges the support of theAustralian government, through the AustralianSports Commission, for its support of AFL gamedevelopment programs.Photography: AFL PhotosPrinting: PrintboundNote: Masculine gender has been used throughoutthe manual for simplicity.2 level one umpires manual

AFL umpiring pathwayUmpiring provides an excellent opportunity to maintain an active involvement in the AFL game. The AFL umpiringpathway provides a terrific sporting alternative and career path for those not wishing to play the AFL game.internationalrulesaflstate leaguesLevel threeFurther developmentof advanced skillsstate leaguedevelopment squadsstate uMpiringAcademiesLevel twoIntroduction toadvanced skillslocal metroand countryumpiring groupmetro and countryleagueslevel oneBasic fundamentalsof umpiringjunior competitionsAFL auskick centresUmpire mentorprogramrecruitsbasic Umpires courseIntroduction to umpiring4 level one umpires manual

ContentsModule 1 Qualities of an Umpire (7)Module 2 Manage Self (11)the Role of the Umpires (12)attitude to Umpiring (13)personal Presentation (14)interpersonal Skills (15)an Approach (Philosophy) to Umpiring Australian Football (16)Preparation for the Match (17)Fundamentals of Fitness (18)Personal Health and Safety (19)Improving Performance (22)Contributing to a local Umpiring Group Environment (23)Module 3 Manage Environment (25)the Umpiring Environment (26)legal Responsibilities (27)Module 4 Manage Match (29) the Approach (30)match Management (31)laws and Interpretations (34)position (41)Skills and Techniques (56)administration (64)Module 5 Manage Others (65) co-operation with others (66)Requirements of Umpires at tribunals (68)Attachments (69)australian Football Level 1 Umpire Accreditation Checklist (69)5

COACHING APPROACHCoaching ApproachUmpire Coaches should use a variety of interactivecoaching methods/activities during the program toenhance the learning environment for the Umpireand encourage them to become more involved withtheir learning and development. This can includesmall groups working together in discussions and/orpractical activities. It should include working with thethree disciplines together (inside and outside on thetrack) when addressing all of the Modules/Units e.g.,Managing Match – Laws and Interpretations.The Umpire Coaches or mentors should encouragethe involvement of senior experienced Umpires inworking with Level One participants and sharingtheir knowledge and experiences.AssessmentThe vast majority of assessment is through observation.Observation is a form of assessment designed toassess the Umpire’s skills in the performance of atask. That is, the Umpire demonstrating that he iscompetent: able to perform the skills (providing theevidence) in a junior match setting (for Field Umpires).It is a practical assessment, which will determinehow they apply their skills and knowledge in a realor realistic setting.The Coach will need to undertake observations ofthe Umpire in action. The Umpire needs to providethe evidence that he is competent, able to performthe skills required at Level One on at least three (3)occasions to be eligible for accreditation.In addition to observation, an Umpire must completea Diary as an additional assessment task.There is an assessment progress table at the end ofthe Umpire’s Manual. The Coach will need to sign anddate alongside the appropriate area once the Umpirehas provided the evidence of his competence andknowledge (Diary).Umpire’s Diaryit is expected that the Umpire will make entries in theDiary on a regular basis. The entries should be basedon an event (something that happened in a match),the Umpire’s response, and when placed in a similarsituation what would he do next time. From time totime, e.g. after three entries, the Umpire will showhis Diary to the Coach for noting and discussion. Itis at this stage the Coach is able to engage with theUmpire and discuss recent experiences of the Umpire,ascertain his understanding and explore ways in whichthe Umpire might make some improvements in hisumpiring and reinforce aspects well handled.ConclusionUmpires will bring a range of experiences to theirumpiring. They will progress at their own rate andevery effort should be made to resist having allUmpires treated in the same way, e.g. sitting throughevery session related to Level One together and beingspoken at. This will not enhance the Umpire’s learning,understanding and enjoyment of the Level One program.Conducting the accreditation is an importantresponsibility of the Umpire’s Coach. The LevelOne program should form an integral componentof the coaching of Umpires aspiring to becomeLevel One accredited.Lawrie WoodmanAFL Coaching andUmpiring Manager6 AFL Umpiring Accreditation Scheme

Module 1Qualities of an Umpire

QUALITIES OF AN UMPIREThe UmpireUmpiring a football match is a challenging role.Umpires require strong character if they are to copewith the umpiring environment in a positive manner.Umpires provide leadership and guidance to playersensuring that the match is conducted in a safe andfair manner.Qualities like integrity, honesty, trustworthinessand respect, provide a strong reference point forthe Umpire in terms of what they do, say and are.Every action of an Umpire can be linked to thequalities of an Umpire: how they behave and relateto others before during and following the match,how they project and protect the role of the Umpireand how they go about their role. They are responsiblefor their actions and attitude.Umpires are responsible for their own improvement interms of personal development and umpiring development.Personal qualities and the manner in which theUmpire goes about his/her role is the cornerstone,or foundation of umpiring.Everything an Umpire does and is can be relatedto their personal qualities.Qualities/Values/BeliefsWhat are they? They refer to one’s principles orstandards, one’s judgement of what is valuableor important in life. In umpiring they include:• integrity;• honesty;• impartiality;• trust;• respect;• teamwork.The responsibility for the ethical conduct of sportin Australia rests equally with:• officials;• players;• administrators;• coaches;• spectators;• parents.Umpires have theright to expect that:• their health and safety are paramount;• they are treated with respect and openness;• they are appointed to a level of competition,appropriate to their level of competence;• they have access to self-improvement opportunities.Equally, sports have the rightto expect that the Umpire/s will:• place the safety and welfare of the playersabove all else;• accept responsibility for all actions taken;• be impartial;• avoid any situation which may lead to a conflictof interest;• be courteous, respectful and open to discussionand interaction.One of the most important roles of the Umpire isto relate to others before, during and often followingthe match.The adage of ‘treating people as you would like to betreated’ provides an appropriate model for relating toothers in the football environment.All players and others associated with the game shouldbe treated with respect.The Umpire should have an approach and style thatincludes others, regardless of the player’s gender, race,disability religion or age.Teamwork is an important element of umpiring. Umpiresmust be willing to assist and support colleagues as wellas contribute to the 'umpiring team' on match day.Each Umpire becomes the face of umpiring at matchesand other events.Umpires then have a major role to play, and infulfilling that role, they have the right to have certainexpectations of “sport”. Equally, “sport” has the rightto have certain expectations of officials.8 level one umpires manual

ASSESSMENT – observationYou will need to display thequalities of a person expectedin umpiring, such as:• Treating others with respect;• Being honest with self and others;• Acting with integrity;• Being trustworthy;• Behaving in a responsible manner on and off the ground;• Teamwork – supporting and assisting colleagues.MODULE 1 9

Module 2MANage self

Unit 1 – The Role of the UmpiresThe Australian Football Laws of the Game placeupon the Umpire the responsibility to manage thematch, both on and off the ground, on behalf ofthe Controlling Body.The role of the Umpire in Australian Footballcan be both challenging and rewarding.To the players, coaches, officials and spectators,the match in which they are participating is themost important match played that day.They look to the Umpire to manage it accordingly.While this places great responsibility upon theUmpire, it also provides one of the most excitingchallenges in sport.It is meeting this challenge that provides peoplewith the motive to be an Umpire. Every football matchprovides its own unique and special challenges.There are a great number of factors that contributeto the Umpire’s success and enjoyment. The first ofthose is to understand the role of the Umpire, whichcan be simply put as follows:• interpret and apply the laws accordingto the spirit of the laws/game;• attend to the administrative requirementsnecessary for the successful staging of the game;• ensure a safe environment for all players and officials.Interpreting and applying the LawsWhile the laws are clear in intent, quite often theUmpire has to use his judgement in interpreting andapplying the laws. It is important that Umpires havean understanding of the lawsAdministrative requirementsThe range of duties and responsibilities requiredof an umpire varies from discipline to discipline andcompetition to competition throughout Australia.The Umpire is expected to do a number of administrativerelatedtasks on match day – before, during and followingthe match.These include contacting and liaising with club officialsand completing paperwork related to the match, e.g.player votes. It is essential that Umpires familiarisethemselves with these requirements before the season.A safe environmentThe umpire has an important role to play in ensuringthat a safe environment exists for all players andofficials on the field.That is achieved through ensuring a pre-matchinspection of the playing field and surrounds (e.g.ensure that facilities are safe, including goal postsbeing padded and cricket pitch and sprinkler outletscovered) has been carried out and penalisinginfringements of the laws during the match.ASSESSMENTYou will need to demonstrate therole of the umpire on match day,such as:• Interpreting and applying the Laws of Australian Football,in line with the Spirit of the Laws;• Ensuring a safe environment exists for participants;• Attending to the administrative requirements on match day.12 level one umpires manual

Unit 2 – Attitude to UmpiringAttitude is often the reason why some peopleare successful and some are unsuccessful.Most successful sportspeople say that a positive,enthusiastic and responsible attitude was a keyfactor in them achieving success. Certainly,most successful Umpires say that.A positive, enthusiastic and responsible attitudetowards umpiring can be demonstrated in thefollowing ways:At Training Sessions• Regular attendance.• Providing prior advice of non-attendance if possible.• Displaying an enthusiastic approach to training.• Ensuring all work is completed to schedule andto the required standard.At Coaching Sessions• Regular attendance.• Providing prior advice of non attendance if possible.• Displaying an enthusiastic approach tocoaching sessions.• Paying close attention to the person conductingthe session.• Participating in sessions and activities willingly.General• Maintaining currency around the Laws of AustralianFootball and local by-laws.• Accepting any feedback/criticism in good spirit,recognising it as an opportunity to identify areasto improve and methods to overcome them.• Accepting all appointments in a positive manner.• Encouraging and supporting colleagues onmatch days.• Never criticising colleagues, coaches or observers.• At all times talking positively and enthusiasticallyabout Umpires and umpiring.• Always doing your best – remembering that thematch you are umpiring is the most important matchthat day for those players, officials and supporters.• Urging friends, and acquaintances who you considermay have potential to Umpire, or assist umpiring insome way, to become involved.ASSESSMENTYou will need to display apositive attitude towardsumpiring, such as:• Encouraging and supporting umpiring colleagues;• Accepting feedback in good spirit;• Accepting appointments in a positive manner.MODULE 2 13

Unit 3 – Personal PresentationAll Umpires have a responsibility to contribute tothe creation of an image which portrays umpiringin a professional and positive light and as an attractivesporting career to other people.They expect the Umpire to be a person they cantrust to control their match.People associated with football have certainexpectations of Umpires. They expect you to be:Trustworthy a person who is honestand impartial.ResponsiblePrepared fortheir roleCompetenta person who has integrityand takes the role seriously.a person who is physically andmentally prepared for the task.a person who has the skillsfor the task.In aiming to fulfil those expectations, Umpiresshould be aware that first impressions are oftenlasting impressions.Behaviour and appearance are crucial factors.Behaviour should be courteous and respectful,and that includes the language used.Dress should be clean, neat, tidy and appropriate.There are specific occasions when considerationof dress standards are important. These are:• On-field on match day.• Off-field on match day.• When attending a tribunal hearing.It is important to remember that the match in whichthe Umpire is officiating is the most important matchthat day to those participating in it.ASSESSMENTYou will need to present to an agreed standard of off-field and on-field dress on match day.14 level one umpires manual

Unit 4 – Interpersonal SkillsEffective interpersonal skills are attributes thatare important for Umpires and are demonstratedwhen communicating, relating and interactingwith other people.The people Umpires mostly interact with on amatch day are the other Umpires, players, coachesand club officials.There will be opportunities on match days for Umpiresto demonstrate interpersonal skills. Some examples are:Before the match• Reporting to a home-club official to adviseof your arrival.• Asking a home club official where theUmpires’ room is.• Meeting other Umpires and officials (timekeepers).• Vsiting the team change rooms.During the match• Treat players with respect.After the match• When club representatives visit the Umpires’room to collect paperwork.• In a social situation.There are some fundamental aspects of behaviourthat are indicators of effective interpersonal skills.These are:Off Ground• When meeting club officials, coaches, or otherUmpires for the first time, introduce yourself andshake hands. Stand up straight, look the personin the eye, use words like “My name is ... , I’m theUmpire for today’s match”. Use a strong, firm gripwhen you shake hands. Smile.• When visiting the team change rooms before thematch, if you haven’t already met the coach, seekhim out and introduce yourself. Be relaxed, smile,saying “all the best for today” is an effective andsimple way of creating the opportunity to moveon about your business.• Retain eye-to-eye contact with people whentalking with them.• Use words like “please” when making requestslike, e.g. “would you arrange for the footballs tobe brought to our rooms, please?”• Use words like “thank-you” when people assist you:e.g. “thank-you for providing those drinks.”• Be polite, show respect.• Reaction to communication from Umpires willmostly be determined by what the Umpires sayand how they say it.ASSESSMENTYou will need to demonstrateeffective interpersonal skillson match-day, such as:• When reporting to a home club official pre-match;• When visiting and meeting teams pre-match;• Treating players with respect during the match;• Acting positively and responsibly in a social situation post-match.MODULE 2 15

Unit 5 – An Approach (Philosophy)to Umpiring Australian FootballAn approach or philosophy for umpiring AustralianFootball should encompass developing a consistentapproach in the use of discretion and judgement inensuring the game is played in accordance with theLaws of Australian Football.the gameIn essence, the game revolves around winningpossession of the ball and doing something with it;or, if you do not have the ball, preventing the teamin possession from doing something with it –or, better still, taking it from them.The contest to win possession occurs when theball is loose – ruck contests, marking contests andgeneral play – and your approach (philosophy) in thesesituations should be to provide the players whose soleobjective is to gain possession every opportunity to doso by awarding free kicks if they are infringed.APPROACH TO UMPIRING A MATCHAn approach (philosophy) to umpiring AustralianFootball should encompass:• developing a match management style thatincludes a rapport with players; and,• developing a consistent approach in the use ofdiscretion and judgement in ensuring the matchis played in accordance with the Laws.• the Laws of the Game give a clear direction as tothe development of a philosophy in the workingand intent of Law 15-Free Kicks.15.1 Interpretation15.1.1 Spirit and Intention of Awarding Free KicksIt is the spirit and intention of these Laws that a freekick shall be awarded to:• ensure that a match is played in a fair manner;• provide to a player, who makes obtaining possessionof the football his or her sole objective, everyopportunity to obtain possession;• protect players from sustaining injury; and• a player who executes a correct tackle that resultsin an opponent failing to dispose of the footballin accordance with these laws.The Spirit of the Laws, in association with thefundamental principles upon which the laws weredeveloped (the safety of players, enjoyment of playersand spectators, the exhibiting of the skills of the playersand the entertaining features of the game itself) lead usto the conclusion that the major aspects of an approachto a philosophy for umpiring are:1. That we provide the player making the ball hissole objective every opportunity to gain possessionby awarding him a free kick if he is:• held when not inpossession;• pushed in the back;• tripped;• bumped in the head;• held on or abovethe shoulder.2. Once the player gains possession, we allow areasonable opportunity to dispose of the ball or makea genuine attempt if legally held and the tackle doesnot pin the ball.The approach (philosophy) in tackling situationsshould be, first, to penalise all illegal tackles; thensecond, if the tackle is legal and does not pin the ball,give the player in possession a reasonable opportunityto dispose; and third, penalise the player in possessionif they do not dispose of the ball legally when given areasonable opportunity to do so. In summary, a simpleapproach for umpiring (philosophy) is:Field UmpirING• Protect the player whose sole objective is to gainpossession of the ball by awarding him a free kickif he is infringed.• Protect the player in possession by awardinghim a free kick if he is tackled incorrectly.• Reward the tackler if the player in possessiondoes not dispose of the ball correctly when legallytackled and given a reasonable opportunity.Boundary Umpiring• The approach (philosophy) for boundary umpiringin out of bounds/out of bounds on the full situationsshould be, first, to ensure that correct position isachieved; then second, remain calm and composedin making the decision; and third, signalling andindicating in a confident manner.Goal Umpiring• The approach (philosophy) for goal umpiring in scoringsituations should be, first, to ensure that an attempt ismade to achieve correct position; then second, remaincalm and composed in making the decision; andthird, signalling and indicating in a confident manner.ASSESSMENTYou will need to demonstrate that youare developing an umpiring philosophywhich includes:• a management style that includes developing a rapportwith players; and,• a consistent approach to applying the Laws of the Game.16 level one umpires manual

Unit 6 – Preparation for the MatchPreparation for umpiring the match is an importantresponsibility of the Umpire. It includes:• revising the Laws of Australian Footballbefore matches;• ensuring that an adequate level of fitnessis maintained;• ensuring that the umpiring uniform is ready alongwith relevant paperwork, (report pads, notepadand pencil/s, scorecards) and gear – whistle, flags,flag holders, wet weather gear;• preparing a basic 'match plan' which can beshared and discussed with the coach or mentor –it provides a focus for you in your upcoming match;• knowledge of location of match, teams and start time;• ensuring that you arrive at the ground with plentyof time to spare before commencement of the matchto enable you to complete all your prematch duties;• ensuring that you are in good mental and physicalcondition to Umpire the match – adequate rest andsleep the night before the match, abstinence ofalcohol in the days leading up to the match,appropriate warm-up before a match.ASSESSMENTYou will need to display your:• 'basic match plan' and discuss it with the coach or mentor;• approach to preparing for a match.MODULE 2 17

Unit 7 – Fundamentals of FitnessThe Field Umpire is responsible for controlling thematch, assisted by Goal and Boundary Umpires.Successful umpiring is dependent upon being inthe best possible position in relation to the playfrom which to adjudicate.It is therefore extremely important that the Umpirebe close to the main action and have maximumconcentration and awareness in order to applythe correct interpretation of the Laws.In football most of the action occurs around wherethe ball is or will be located.Modern football is based on moving the ball quicklyand the Field and Boundary Umpires must be physicallyconditioned in order to achieve the best position fromwhich to adjudicate.As a person becomes physically fatigued theirconcentration level drops as does their capacityto perceive events.Umpires need to be physically fit to:• consistently maintain the best possible positionin relation to play from which to adjudicate;• resist the effects of fatigue and maintain optimumconcentration levels.ASSESSMENTYou will need to demonstratefitness levels required for aLevel One umpire, such as:• attempting to be up with play during the match;• responding to play throughout the match.18 level one umpires manual

Unit 8 – Personal Health and SafetyDiet and NutritionNutrition is important in assisting Umpires achievemaximum performance on the sporting field.Training DietThe foods Umpires consume each day of thetraining week between matches have two importantfunctions. They:• provide all of the essential nutrients required bythe body, in the correct quantities for good health;• must provide enough energy to meet the demandsof training.There are several key nutrients that are of particularimportance to Umpires.CarbohydrateA limiting factor to endurance exercise is the depletionof muscle glycogen stores, which results in fatigueand ultimately exhaustion.ProteinAn adequate protein intake is essential to the Umpire,for muscle tissue repair as well as many othermetabolic functions.This can easily be met by the regular consumptionof lean meat, poultry, fish as well as eggs and lowfat dairy products. Good plant sources of proteininclude nuts, seeds and legumes such as lentilsand soy beans.FatsTo obtain adequate protein and carbohydrateeach day, it is necessary to minimise fat intake.A low fat diet will also reduce the Umpires risk ofexcess body fat, heart disease and certain cancers.This can be done by limiting their intake of butter,margarine mayonnaise, cream, fried foods,fatty meats, chocolate, and high fat snack foods.FluidsProlonged periods of intensive exercise can resultin fluid losses of up to 2-3 litres.Dehydration will not only adversely affect the Umpire’sperformance, but can also be very dangerous.Thirst is a poor indicator of fluid needs and Umpiresmust get into the habit of regularly consuming waterbefore, during and after training and matches.The best fluid during training sessions is cool water.During matches, however, Umpires will benefit froma commercial sports drink that provides carbohydrateand fluid in a rapidly absorbed form.AlcoholAlcohol dehydrates the body.When consumed before a match it impairs the physicalperformance during the match.When consumed after the match, it retards recovery,which adversely affects the capacity to train well duringthe following week.Tobacco SmokingFrom an umpiring perspective, smoking reduces thefitness potential of the athlete.Health CareOne illness that greatly affects Australians isskin cancer.Skin Cancer BackgroundSkin cancer is a preventable cancer – all you have todo is take the necessary precautions and you can avoidbeing one of the two in three Australians who developa skin cancer.MODULE 2 19

australian guide to healthy eatingenjoy a variety of foods every dayvegetables,LegumesFruitbread,cereals,rice, pasta,noodlesmilk,yogurt,cheeselearn meat, fish,poultry, eggs,nuts, legumesdrink plentyof waterchoose these sometimesor in small amountsThis illustration is a guide only and may not suit some individuals.20 level one umpires manual

PreventionPrevention, certainly absolute minimisation of risk,becomes a vital issue and every precaution shouldbe taken to lessen the Umpire’s exposure to UV,particularly in the first 18 years of life.There are simple measures that can be easilyimplemented to help with their self-protection.When Training:• Long-sleeved shirt with collar.• Loose-fitting clothing for ventilation.• Hat where appropriate.• Sunglasses (to Australian Standard 1067,blocking 95 per cent of the UV rays).• Sunscreen with a 15+ (or higher) sun protectionfactor – applied 15 minutes before going outside.• Where possible avoid the peak UV period of10am–2pm (11am–3pm DST) as 60 per centof the day’s radiation occurs during this time.When Umpiring• Check with their Controlling Body with regard touniform. They should ensure they purchase gearthat provides UV protection.• Sunscreen.Early DetectionRegular self checks of their skin is a wise move.Some pointers on what to look for are:• A skin spot that is different from other spotsaround it.• A spot that is new or has changed over weeks ormonths, in colour, size or shape.• A skin cancer can be flat and does not have to beugly or painful. Umpires should remember to havea partner check their back when they are goingthrough the checking routine. They need to includethe soles of their feet and palms of their hands asskin cancer can sometimes occur on parts of thebody not exposed to the sun.• If they notice any changes or have any concernsat all they should seek medical advice.ASSESSMENTYou will need to implementlifestyle management strategies,such as:• rehydrating during matches and at training;• implementing healthcare strategies – sunscreen, a hat.MODULE 1 21

Unit 9 – Improving PerformanceImproving umpiring performances is a goal ofmost Umpires regardless of what level they officiate.The responsibility for improving performancesrests with the Umpire.Umpires will receive a range of feedback ontheir performances – from players, spectators,club officials and umpiring personnel at mostmatches they Umpire.For improvement to occur the Umpire will firstlyneed to know the area/s that need improvement.This information can come from umpiringpersonnel – the coach or observer or a senioror more experienced Umpire.It is important that the Umpire listens to the feedbackthat is provided and to respond in a positive manner.The Umpire should thank the person for the feedback.What the Umpire does with the feedback is crucialto assisting him to improve his performance.The feedback can provoke some thought/s as towhat might be done in the next match and howhe might do that if he is to improve the pointsraised in the feedback.In discussions with the person providing thefeedback the Umpire can come up with a numberof possible actions (not too many) to take away toimplement in the next match.The Umpire can use a diary to record their reflections.Umpiring DiaryThe Umpire probably has kept a diary at some timein his life. Some common benefits of a diary:• diaries help him remember;• diaries help him gain a perspective on his life;• diaries help us self-reflect;• diaries are individualised and personalised.The Umpire should write up his diary entry on thesame day as the match. This means that the gameis still fresh in his mind.Keeping a DiaryKeep it simple and to the pointWrite in note form and use diagrams.Describe before judgingDescribe your performance before evaluatinghow good or bad it was. Be as clear and preciseas possible.Don’t forget what you do wellIt is just as important to be clear about what youdid well as what you need to do to improve.Evaluation demands explanationWhy was your performance good? Why doesit need to be improved? Why would anotherapproach be better?Brainstorm solutionsIf you can see the problem but no clear solution,you can write down a whole lot of ideas, even crazyones, and see if that helps.Try, try againStrategies can go wrong. Improvement can be slow.Don’t be afraid to return to the same behaviour anumber of times.ASSESSMENTYou will need to demonstrateactions which contribute toimproving your performance,such as:• Recording aspects of your umpiring performances in your diary;• Discussing diary entries with a coach/mentor;• Receiving and responding to feedback from others;• Discussing the process/es for developing umpiring knowledge,skills and attitudes.22 level one umpires manual

Unit 10 – CONTRIBUTING TO A LOCALUMPIRING GROUP ENVIRONMENTEveryone is capable of getting more out of themselvesthan they ever believed possible. A positive participativeenvironment is equal if not more important than thesport itself, to just do the sport is not enough.A range of people/groups contribute to the umpiringgroup environment. That includes:• The Umpiring Department including coaches,observers & administrator;• The Umpires Association Board & its members;• The Football League/s;• Junior Umpiring Groups;• Women;• State umpiring departments;• Other umpiring groups;• Parents;• YOU.Individual umpires have a key role to play. That can bedone in a range of ways, including:• Support other umpires either at training or onmatch day;• Display a hard work ethic on the training track;• Relay concerns to the coach first (no gossip);• Attend coaching sessions;• Talk up the umpiring group;• Perform at your best on match day;• Be punctual;• Being willing to work as a member of a team;• Present professionally.Umpires can also add to their environment by gettinginvolved in the learning and development opportunitiesin their umpiring group. This includes:• Accreditations;• Mentor / Green shirt program;• Observations by Talent Assessors;• Taking on feedback from your coaches;• Contributing to structured coaching sessions –on and off ground.ASSESSMENTYou will need to demonstrateactions which contribute toyour local umpiring group by:• Supporting and encouraging colleagues at training and on match day;• Putting yourself forward to assist at training/coaching sessions;• Presenting professionally;• Being a strong advocate of the umpiring group.MODULE 1 23

Module 3MANage environment

Unit 1 – The Umpiring EnvironmentInspectionThe process and policy of conducting groundinspections is linked to the AFL’s National RiskProtection Program.Risk ManagementRisk Management is a priority and involves keeping riskexposure to a minimum to reduce injuries and potentialloss. It is the role of a club’s Risk Management Officerto ensure risk management activities are completedusing the relevant checklists and planners providedin the AFL Club Management manual including theconduct of ground inspections.The completion of a match-day checklist is compulsoryby clubs.Clubs must ensure a match-day checklist is completedbefore the commencement of play.The role of the UmpireThe Umpire has a duty of care to ensure that theground is safe for the commencement of a match.Fulfilling that duty of care involves:• ensuring both clubs have completed and signedthe ground inspection checklist.• ensuring any issues are managed before playcan commence.It is the responsibility of the clubs to ensure anyissues are managed before play can commence.In the event that play cannot start or proceed,Law 10.6.2 applies.Coping With theUmpiring EnvironmentThe umpiring environment on match day can bechallenging. It can become very emotional with players,officials, coaches and supporters keen to see theirteam do well. Often the Umpire becomes the focusof attention. Developing strategies to cope with theenvironment is an important activity.Pre-match MeetingPlayers/OfficialsIt is important to project yourself to players andofficials in a firm, friendly and confident manner.It is good practice to always meet the captain andcoach and, if possible, the players before the match.Never discuss how you will umpire during the matchwhen meeting players and officials before the match.Avoid reference or comment about the Umpires oflast week’s match.During the Match Players/Officials/SupportersIt is very important to get on with players during thematch. Abuse from players/officials warrants someaction from you. Offenders should be spoken to andif serious enough they should be reported.It is important to block out the comments from outsidethe boundary line, much of which will not be supportiveor complimentary. Umpires need to be aware thatsupporters get emotional and vocal with their supportfor their team and players and that generally the verbalattack on players and Umpires is not meant asa personal attack.Post-match Players/Officials/SupportersAfter a match, feelings can run high and Umpiresshould avoid becoming involved in any argumentabout incidents during the match. Sensible discussionabout the match is to be encouraged.It is a good practice to join the players and officialsin a social setting after the match, especially if invited.Politely avoid people who wish to belittle Umpires.Post-match is a good opportunity to discuss thematch and to get to know the players and officialsfrom participating clubs in a more relaxed environment.If the atmosphere turns a little tense, excuse yourselfand leave.ASSESSMENTYou will need to demonstrate your ability to cope with the match day environment.• Projecting in a confident manner when interacting with the teams (fitting in);• maintaining concentration (not being distracted)26 level one umpires manual

Unit 2 – Legal ResponsibilitiesLegal ResponsibilitiesThe Umpire is responsible for managing a matchand enforcing the laws.An Umpire has a responsibility to ensure that theenvironment in which the game is played is kept safe.Umpires could be deemed negligent and may beheld legally responsible if they fail to act as a ‘sensible’person would do and an injury to a player results.Negligence is the failure to show reasonable careand occurs when harm results from an unacceptabledegree of carelessness.To act ‘sensibly’, an Umpire has the responsibility to:• enforce the Laws of the game;• control and supervise the match, eg: not allowillegal or dangerous plays or tactics, remove youwho persistently breach the laws;• protect the players and officials, eg: ensurethat facilities are safe such as goal posts arepadded, cricket pitch is covered and sprinkleroutlets are covered;• stop a match should crowd violence threatenplayer safety;• ensure that equipment used is safe;• enforce safety guidelines regarding bloodand infectious diseases policies;• stop a match if conditions, including weather,become hazardous.Umpires have always had these responsibilitiesto ensure that matches are conducted safely andwith a minimum of injury risk.To ensure all is in order, an Umpire must takethe necessary initiatives and implement safepractices, as listed above. This will providea safe environment for all.ASSESSMENTYou will need to list the legal responsibilities of an umpire.MODULE 3 27

Module 4MANage match

Unit 1 – The ApproachPeople-Management SkillsEffective people-management skills are attributesthat are common to successful Umpires. E.g.s:• Acting courteously.• Being a good listener.• Speaking clearly.• Acknowledging others.• Respecting others’ opinions.• Projecting positive body language.These skills are demonstrated when communicating,relating and interacting with other people.Words used by the Umpire in communicatingwhy a decision was made can have a positiveeffect on players and help to build a relationshipand develop rapport with players.When communicating with players, use a strong,firm and clear voice, this portrays composure.Avoid screaming or shouting, this portrays lackof composure which creates anxiety in players.Umpires who are composed, cool but firm,will win the confidence of players.Try to develop good communication techniques– the words “please” and “thanks” never go astray.“Move back on the mark two metres please No. 7”.“Thanks No. 7”.“Move away from the goal area please, thank you”.There will be many opportunities during the matchto implement these skills. Some examples are:• informing players what free kicks are for;• responding to questions from players;• directing players in certain situations;• responding to conflict between players;• Player reaction to communication from Umpireswill mostly be determined by what the Umpiressay and how they say it.ASSESSMENTYou will need to demonstrateeffective people managementskills, such as:• Communicating effectively with players and others;• Treating players with respect;• Responding to potential conflict situations.30 level one umpires manual

Unit 2 – MATCH MANAGEMENTEffective match management is demonstrated bymanaging players and situations in an appropriatemanner. Players expect that the umpire will be able tomanage the match (or situations) effectively – i.e. be incontrol, take charge as and when necessary and do itin a calm and composed manner.Umpires will achieve good results in this aspect oftheir performance if they simply treat players as they,themselves, would like to be treated. Umpires needto stay calm, irrespective of how animated or heatedplayers’ behaviour may be.While the management of a match is a majorresponsibility of the Field Umpires, Boundary andGoal Umpires play a very important role in supportingthe Field Umpires.There are a number of factors that contribute toeffective control for umpires; the most critical beingthe manner in which they go about their tasks.Decision makingUmpires are decision makers, accordingly, they have tohave the courage of their convictions to make the rightdecisions irrespective of the circumstances, wheneverthe need to make a decision arises.For Field Umpires, being prepared to make decisions isusually demonstrated by awarding the “first free kick”.This doesn’t only mean the first free kick in the match –although it is good umpiring to award that, as it sets thescene “the umpire is on the job” – but the first free kickthat occurs in any contest.Umpires who award the “first free kick” are seen asdecisive, confident, consistent and in control.ConfidenceUmpires need to demonstrate confidence in their decisions.Confidence can be demonstrated by:• a strong, long whistle – blow it hard(Field and Boundary Umpires).• verbal communication of the decision “push inthe back, your free kick no. 7”(use player’s name ifknown), “ball bounced over the line on the full – outon the full”, being delivered in a strong, firm mannerand voice, not screeching or shouting, but projectingthe voice with strength and firmness.• visual signals/indications being performedin the correct manner. Show everybody why!(Field, Boundary and Goal Umpires).• moving promptly to take up position for the next act ofplay, don’t hang around waiting to see what happensnext, move off, let everyone know that the particularincident is over and done with and we are movinginto the next phase of play. The approach should be –Blow, Show and Go!Being AlertBeing alert includes the umpire being aware of whatis going on around him in the immediate area.A very important aspect in maintaining control duringa match is one of observation, that is, where to look!ObservationField UmpiresThere are times during a match when the Field Umpireneeds to observe what is going on around him.For example:General Play• players contesting the ball;• players with the ball (in possession).After disposalWhen a player has disposed of the ball – ensure thereis no late infringement of the laws.Therefore, it is important for umpires to rememberto observe:• players contesting the ball;• players with the ball;• players who have just disposed of the ball.ScrimmagesUmpires who consistently award the “first free kick”and don’t allow scrimmages to go too long, quicklyearn the confidence and respect of the players,coaches and supporters.As a guideline, scrimmages should be allowed tocontinue while the ball is loose and players are attemptingto gain possession. Once the ball is trapped (i.e. ball isnot moving and there is no chance of the ball comingout) the umpire should break up the scrimmage witha throw-up.MODULE 4 31

Boundary UmpiresThe Boundary Umpire is required to have the ballunder observation at all times. That is, never havinghis back to the ball or the player with the ball.Goal UmpiresThe Goal Umpire must never leave the goal areaif there is a possibility of a score occurring.Effective match management is demonstratedby the umpire/s:• making decisions – having the courage oftheir convictions;• displaying confidence in their decision makingwith strong visual and verbal communication;• being alert to what is happening around them;• responding appropriately to players and situationsin a calm manner;• adapting to different climatic conditions.Set PlayA set play is the resultant play after a free kick ormark has been awarded.The main elements a Field Umpire has to be awareof and execute in a positive manner are:1. Setting the Mark (Law 16.1.1) Umpires must advise the player on the mark asto where the mark is. If he is required to come backa distance the Umpire should call him back, “backthree metres, thank you”. Do not let him stand inthe incorrect spot, or yell “back, back, back”.2. Line of Kick (Law 16.3.1) It is the Umpire’s responsibility to advise the playerwith possession to be on his line of kick if he is notalready in that position. The line of kick is an imaginaryline between the kicker, the mark and the centre of thegoals, (except where the player is kicking for goal afterbeing awarded a mark or free kick in the goal square,then the kick shall be taken from directly in front of thegoals from a spot horizontally across from where themark or free kick was awarded).3. Observing the Player with the BallFollowing a mark or free kick, it is important that theUmpire keep the player in possession under observationwhile also being aware of the player on the mark. Thisroutine allows quick “play-on” calls to be made as soonas the player deviates from his line of kick and alsoensures that the player does not encroach over the mark.4. Protected Area (Law 16.1.2) A player in possession following a mark or free kick isentitled to a protected area. This area, a corridor of 10mwidth is only for the player in possession, so that noopponent or team-mate is allowed to enter this area. Ifplayers are in this area at the time of possession then theumpire should make an attempt to clear the area beforethe player in possession attempts to dispose of the ball.Once a player plays on, he loses the protected area.5. Play On Calls (Laws 16.2) The Umpire is responsible for calling and signalling“play-on” once a player attempts to play other thanover the mark. It is important that the call and signalis performed quickly hence the need to be observingthe player in possession.6. 25/50-Metre Penalties (Laws 18.0, 16.3.2, 16.7) Under the Laws of Australian Football, 50 metresis the standard penalty but a Controlling Body mayreduce the distance to 25 metres (Law 18.3).Penalties must be applied when an opponent:• causes undue delay to the play or unduly encroachesover the mark after a mark or free kick has been awarded;• behaves towards, or uses language towards, anUmpire that is abusive, insulting, threatening or obscene;• disputes the decision of an Umpire;• does not return the ball correctly (as he would to histeam mate).Undue delay can be caused by:• putting a player to the ground after he has beenawarded a mark or free kick;• not allowing a player on the ground to get upafter he has been awarded a mark or free kick.32 level one umpires manual

Application of 25or 50-metre penalties:When awarding 25 or 50-metre penalties, immediatelyblow time on and then head towards the amended mark.The player receiving the penalty CANNOT play on untilthe amended mark is set. After the amended mark is setyou should blow time off and the game recommences.7. Kick in After a Behind (Law 13.0) Other than the player kicking the football into play,all players must immediately vacate the area within5m of the goal squareThe Goal Umpire must have signalled a behind priorto the kick off being taken.ASSESSMENtYou will need to demonstratethe following matchmanagement aspects:• Displaying confidence in decision making• Responding to players and others and match related situationsin a calm and confident manner• Being prepared to 'make a decision'• Breaking up scrimmages when the ball is immediately trapped• Demonstrating good observational skills most of the time –At disposalForward of play• In set play situations, attempting to:Place the players on the correct markEnsure the player with the ball is on the correct line of kickMonitor the 10 metre protected areaExecute quick 'play on' calls, once the player with the ballhas played onObserve the player with the ball• Monitoring kick-ins after a behind• Applying 25/50 metre penaltiesMODULE 4 33

Unit 3 – Laws and InterpretationsThe Australian Football League is responsiblefor publishing the Laws of Australian Football.It is crucial that Umpires have a basic knowledgeand understanding of the Laws.The Laws of Australian Football are designed to controlthe fastest and most spectacular football code in theworld – a game of varied and brilliant individual skills,co-ordinated teamwork and physical contact betweenplayers of differing physiques.Most infringements occur in the contest for the balland in the tackling of the player in possession of theball. To assist Umpires develop their skills in theseareas, it is crucial that they have an understandingof the Laws and the Spirit of the Laws.A free kick may be awarded when the footballis not in play.Spirit of the LawsFor coaching purposes, The Spirit of the Laws identifiesseven main areas with the aim of achieving consistencyin decision making.At Level One, three main Spirits of the Law that covermajor aspects of the game are focused on. Emphasisis placed on understanding the ‘Spirit of the Laws’(i.e. the philosophies underlying the laws) and officiatingaccording to the Laws. The three Spirit of the Laws are:• Contest for the Ball – General Play.• Tackling (Player in Possession of the Ball).• Marking Contests.To avoid confusion, it is important to note that theSpirit of the Laws are based upon, but not alwaysdefined within, the Laws of Australian Football.They have been developed for coaching purposes.Spirit of the Law: contest for theball – general play“The player whose sole objective is to contest the ballshall be permitted to do so.”A player may be fairly met by use of the hip, shoulder,chest, arms or open hand or be pushed or bumped inthe chest or side or he may be shepherded, providedthe ball is not more than 5m away.Solid but legal bumps are permitted. All breaches ofthe laws shall be penalised.The Spirit of the Law deals with a game situation whereplayers are contesting the ball. The contest remainsfair provided the players remain focused primarilyon gaining possession, while still legitimately havingcontact with each other.Hard, solid bumps are permitted; but illegal contactis not, as “all breaches of the Laws shall be penalised”.It is important to take note of Laws 15.4.4 (Charge orCharging) and 15.4.5 (Prohibited Contact and Paymentof Free Kick) in reference to what constitutes a breach.A player makes prohibited contact with an oppositionplayer if he:• holds an opposition player who is not in possessionof the ball;• makes contact with any part of an oppositionplayer’s body:above the shoulders,below the knees;• pushes an opposition player in the back;• pushes, bumps, holds or blocks an oppositionplayer when the football is further than 5m awayor is out of play;• charges an opposition player – (Law 15.4.4);• trips, or attempts to trip an opposition player,whether by the use of hand, arm foot or leg;• holds or throws an opposition player after thatplayer has disposed of the ball;• kicks or attempts to kick the football in a mannerlikely to cause injury;• bumps or makes forceful contact to an opponentfrom front-on when that player has his head downover the ball.NOTE:A player can bump an opponent’s body from side onbut any contact forward of side-on will be deemed tobe front on.A player with his head down in anticipation of winningpossession of the ball or after contesting the ball willbe deemed to have his head down over the ball for thepurposes of this Law.Spirit of the Law: Tackling(Player in Possession of the Ball)Prior opportunity –immediate disposal“The player who has possession of the ball and hashad an opportunity to dispose of it and is then tackledcorrectly by an opponent must immediately kick orhandball the ball.”If the player has had a reasonable opportunity todispose of the ball by kick or handball after takingpossession and before being tackled, then providedthe tackle is legal, the player must dispose of the ballby kick or handball, otherwise he is penalised for fallingto dispose of the ball in a legal manner.34 level one umpires manual

If the tackle pins the ball to the player in possession,then he is penalised for holding the ball.No prior opportunity– Reasonable Opportunity“The player who has possession of the ball and istackled correctly by an opponent shall be given areasonable opportunity to kick or handball the ball ormake a genuine attempt to kick or handball the ball.”If the player has not had a reasonable opportunityto dispose of the ball by kick or handball after takingpossession and before being tackled, then, providedthe tackle is legal, the player in possession is thengiven reasonable opportunity to attempt to dispose ofthe ball. If he fails to attempt to do so when given areasonable opportunity, then he is to be penalised forholding the ball.Spirit of the Law: Marking Contests“The player whose sole objective is to contest theball shall be permitted to do so.”Where an infringement is observed, a free kick mustbe awarded.Where there is incidental interference (no infringement)when the ball is the sole objective (eyes on the ball) –play-on.When a player leaps (early), the attempt must berealistic (able to touch the ball).The Laws are to be interpreted to provide everyopportunity for players who are legitimately attemptingto contest the ball to do so.Laws Relating to Field UmpiringThe Spirit of the Laws relating to Awarding FreeKicks (Law 15).The Laws provide the player who makes the ballhis sole objective to be afforded every opportunityto gain possession.In the contest for the ball, it is illegal to interferewith an opponent when the ball is more than 5m away.When the ball is within 5m, legal use of the body canbe applied to an opponent.Permitted and prohibited contact is very clearlydefined in the Laws.When a team has possession of the ball the Lawsclearly define how the ball may be disposed of.The Laws also allow for team-mates to protectthe player who has possession. This protectionis in the form of shepherding and again, the Lawsclearly define what is legitimate shepherding.The team that does not have the ball is given theopportunity to attempt to take possession from theother team or to prevent disposal. The Laws permitthe player in possession to be tackled and clearlydefine what is a correct tackle.MarksA mark is taken if, in the opinion of the Field Umpire,a player catches or takes control of the football:• within the playing surface; and• after it has been kicked by another player a distanceof at least 15m; and• which has not touched the ground or been touchedby another player during the period when the footballwas kicked until it was caught or controlled by theplayer. The Field Umpire shall bounce the ball whenin doubt as to which player has taken a mark. Wherea Field Umpire incorrectly blows the whistle for amark that was not completed, he may cancel thedecision and call and signal play on.Laws relating to Boundary UmpiringThe Boundary Umpire is the sole judge when theball is out of bounds/out on the full, except when:• the Field Umpire awards a mark before theball passes completely outside the boundaryline or awards a free kick.Definition of a kick (Law 1.1)If the ball touches a player below the knee it isdeemed to have been kicked.Ball out of boundsWhen the ball, having been kicked, passes over theboundary line or touches a behind post but beforedoing so, touches the ground or is touched by a playerit is considered to be out of bounds. (The ball must becompletely over the boundary line).The Boundary Umpire faces the Field Umpire, blowshis whistle loudly and signals to the Field Umpire withone arm extended straight up above his head with hishand open.Out of bounds on the fullWhen the ball having been kicked by a player, passescompletely over the boundary line without touchingthe ground within the playing surface or being touchedby a player, or the football has touched the behind postor passed over the behind post without touching theground or being touched by a player it is consideredto be out of bounds on the full.MODULE 4 35

The Boundary Umpire blows his whistle loudly and extendshis arms horizontally straight out at shoulder heightwhile keeping his hands open and then indicates thespot at which the ball crossed the boundary line to assistthe Field Umpire with the mark for the resultant kick.Returning the ball to thecentre squareAfter a goal has been scored, it is the BoundaryUmpire’s responsibility to retrieve the ball andreturn it to the Field Umpire in the centre square.The Boundary Umpire must not climb overthe fence to retrieve the ball. If necessary he willrequest players/officials in the vicinity to retrieve it.(Seek assistance from the Field Umpire if required.)The Boundary Umpires decide who will retrievethe ball (usually the Boundary Umpire closest tothe ball). The other Boundary Umpire will indicateto the Field Umpire which side of the oval the ball isto be returned and then position himself about halfwaybetween the goal line and the end of the centre square.The Boundary Umpire who retrieves the ball willrun to the second Boundary Umpire who will, by then,be running at the same pace, and on reaching him, willrelay the ball then keep running to the nearest cornerof the centre square on his side of the ground. Thesecond Boundary Umpire will relay the ball to the FieldUmpire and continue on to the far corner of the squareon his side of the oval. Boundary Umpires are to remainon the same side of the oval throughout each quarter.Operation of centresquare at centre bounceThe Boundary Umpire is the sole judge as to whethera player has stepped completely over the line at thecentre square. The player may lean over the line butimmediately his foot completely crosses the line theBoundary Umpire will blow his whistle, point in thedirection of the team to receive the resultant free kick,and if possible, call the number of the offending playerand their club, then quickly move off in the direction ofthe scoring zone of the team which has been awardedthe free kick.Players are not permitted to enter the square fromthe time the Field Umpire commences his approachto bounce or throw up the ball until the ball touchesthe ground in the act of bouncing, or is thrown up.It is the Field Umpires responsibility to count thenumber of players in the square.Laws Relating to Goal UmpiringDefinition of a kick (Law 1.1) If the ball touches a player below the knee it isdeemed to have been kicked.Goal Umpire is final judgeAfter having been given the “all clear” by the FieldUmpire, the Goal Umpire is the final judge of a goalor behind.“All Clear”The “all clear” is given to the Goal Umpire by bothword of mouth and visual confirmation, and indicatesto the Goal Umpire that the Field Umpire does notpropose to award a mark or free kick and thereforethe Goal Umpire is at liberty to signal a goal or behind.The score is signalled by the waving of the flag or flags,and then recorded on the Goal Umpires’ score card.The Goal Umpire cannot signal a score until the“all clear” has been received from the Field Umpire.If the ball has passed over the goal or behind lineand the Goal Umpire is in doubt as to whether theField Umpire has given the “all clear” he should runout and consult the Field Umpire to obtain information.If the Field Umpire confirms “all clear” the Goal Umpirethen runs backwards to the scoring area and signalsand records a score.“Touched – All Clear”If the Field Umpire observes that the ball is touchedby a player before it crosses the goal or behind line,he should call and signal “touched – all clear” tothe Goal Umpire.If the ball is kicked off the ground while a playerhas his hand on it or the ball is kicked from anotherplayer’s hands and the ball crosses the goal or behindline, the Field Umpire should, unless he awards a freekick for an infringement of the laws, call and signal“touched – all clear”.Although the Goal Umpire is the final judge ofgoals and behinds, he cannot signal a goal if theField Umpire has called and signalled “touched –all clear”.If “touched – all clear” is given by the Field Umpire,but the Goal Umpire is certain that the correct scoreis a goal, he must run to the Field Umpire and quicklyexplain events as he saw them, and request “all clear”.If the Field Umpire insists on “touched – all clear” theGoal Umpire will return to the goal area, signal a behind,signal touched, and wave and record a behind.36 level one umpires manual

Visual Confirmation of “All Clear”If the Field Umpire is of the opinion that the score is:• a goal – he will raise both hands to his mouthwhen giving the verbal “all clear”.• a behind – one hand to the mouth when givingthe verbal “all clear”.If uncertain, he will stop, look directly at theGoal Umpire, put his hands at his sides andgive “all clear” verbally.He should endeavour to give a signal to theGoal Umpire on all occasions, except if touchedclose to the goal line.If the ball was touched, he will indicate by hittingone hand with the other above the shoulder heightin front of his body, then put one hand to his mouthand give “touched – all clear” verbally.If the ball hit the goal post he will raise one forearmvertically at right angles to his upper arm, tap it threetimes with the other hand, then put his hand to hismouth and call “all clear”.Note: Visual signal by a Field Umpire is a guideonly (except in the case of “touched – all clear”).The Goal Umpire is the final judge.Goals – When ScoredSubject to the “all clear” signal by the Field Umpire,a goal is scored when the ball is kicked over the goalline by a player of the attacking side without the balltouching a player or a goal post.Behinds – When ScoredSubject to the “all clear” signal by the Field Umpire,a behind is scored when the ball:• passes over the behind line without touchinga behind post;• strikes a goal post, including the back of thegoal post from an angle kick, or flag;• passes over a goal post, even though the majorportion of the ball is on the goal side of the post.(It should be assumed that had the goal post beenhigher the ball would have struck the post);• is touched by a player before it crosses over thegoal or behind line;• is carried over the goal or behind line by a playerof either side;• is handballed over the goal or behind line bya player of either side.Ball Marked on Goal or Behind LineIf the ball is marked on the goal or behind line bya player and the ball had not passed over the line whenmarked, even though the player may be over the line,a score should not be registered. It is the position of theball, not the player that dictates the matter.In the case of a player attempting to mark the ball on orbefore it crosses the goal line and the ball rebounds offthe player’s hands or chest and is caught again behindthe goal line, a behind should be registered becausethe ball in such a case was touched before it crossedthe goal line and was not actually marked until it hadpassed over the line and finally held by the player.Ball Striking Behind Post1. If a ball kicked, punched or knocked from insidethe playing arena, strikes or directly passes overthe behind post, it shall be out of bounds.2. If a player is kicking the ball back into play frombehind the goal line and it hits the behind or goalpost before going into play or out of bounds, noscore shall be given by the Goal Umpire, as the ballhas not come back into play and the Field Umpiremust give another kick.Goal Umpire Over-rulesBoundary UmpireThe Goal Umpire has authority to over-rule theBoundary Umpire if they disagree as to whether theball had crossed the behind line, or had gone directlyover, the behind post.Goal Umpire Not Judge ofFirst Sound of Bell or SirenIf the ball has passed over the goal or behind linesand the Field Umpire gives the “all clear”, the dutyof the Goal Umpire is to signal and record a score.Indication to ScoreboardAttendantsGoal Umpires must check scores with each otherat the end of each quarter. They will then indicateto the attendants on the scoreboard as to the correctnessof the scores by waving flags if they are correct. In theevent of the scores being incorrect, Goal Umpires willattract the attention of the attendants by walking towardthe scoreboard and having the error amended by thescoreboard attendant.If the Goal Umpires are unable to attract theattention of the scoreboard attendant, theyare not to wave all clear.MODULE 4 37

Goal Umpire to Record ScoreIt is the duty of Goal Umpires to keep a record ofall goals and behinds scored.Goal – record goals on scorecard on return to thecentre of the goal after replacing flags.Behind – wait for kick-out and mark card after next actof play, which takes the ball away from goal area ORon a cessation of play, e.g. out of bounds, free kick etc.When a behind is scored at other end of ground, writedown your score immediately after replacing your flag.The normal procedure to follow in the sequenceof signalling and recording a score is:• receive “all clear” from Field Umpire;• signal relevant score i.e. a goal or a behind;• move to appropriate goal post and take out flag/s;• for a goal, move to centre of goal line and wave score;• for a behind, step away from the goal post –and wave score as quickly as possible;• replace flag/s;• move back to centre of goal and record scoreon scorecard.If there has been a score after the siren to concludea quarter, or end the match, the procedure will varyfrom the point where you wave the flag/s for the score.At that point do not replace your flag/s before markingyour scorecard, but upon completion of waving thescore, move to the opposite goal post to collect yourother flag/s then record the score on your scorecard.The purpose of this is to lessen the chance of people onthe ground, after the siren, making off with your flag/s.Bleeding and Blood-Borne DiseasesWhen officiating in a contact sport such as AustralianFootball, it is important that officials are aware of the factsabout contagious diseases and blood-borne infections.The two, which cause most concern, are HIVand Hepatitis B.Where this policy has been implemented,it is commonly referred to as the “blood rule”.In the Laws of Australian Football, Law 22 addressesinfectious diseases in detail and allows controllingbodies to impose sanctions for breaches of this Law.The coach needs to provide details on Law 22 andalso any local provisions as they relate to the relevantcontrolling bodies.The ASMF Policy strongly recommends that allUmpires officiating in adult football (over 13 yearsof age) be immunised against Hepatitis B.On-Ground Procedures for Umpires(Law 22: Infectious Diseases) Field Umpire in Control of Play(i) Player Actively BleedingWhere the Field Umpire is of the opinion that a playeris actively bleeding, the Field Umpire must stop playat the first available opportunity, blow time on anddirect the player to immediately leave the playingsurface. The replacement player may enter the playingsurface before the bleeding player crosses the line.The replacement player is to be given a reasonabletime to take up his position before play recommencesprovided that player enters the playing surface beforethe bleeding player leaves the playing surface (Law22.3.3), otherwise recommence play immediately.Under Law 22.3.4, where a bleeding player refusesto leave the playing surface at the Umpire’s direction,a sequence of events is defined, commencing witha warning to the player pending awarding of a freekick and possible report for misconduct, and, shouldthe player persist in the refusal to leave, terminatingthe match and forfeiture of the offending player’s team.A player awarded a mark or free kick at the end of aquarter may kick the football after the Field Umpirehas signalled that play has come to an end, eventhough he is at the time actively bleeding (Law 22.7).(ii) Player not Actively BleedingWhere a Field Umpire is of the opinion that a playeris NOT actively bleeding, but the player has bloodon any part of his body or uniform, the followingaction is taken:At the first available opportunity, the Field Umpiremust signal and direct the player to obtain treatment.After the signal is given, play will continue. The playermay remain on the playing surface, but must at theearliest opportunity:• remove or replace any part of his uniform whichhas blood on it; and/or• have blood removed from any part of his bodyand the cause of bleeding (if any) treated andcovered so that all blood is contained.38 level one umpires manual

Boundary/Goal UmpiresIf a player is bleeding attract the attention of thenearest Field Umpire at the next stoppage of playwho will respond as appropriate. When the stoppageis a score, any action by the Goal Umpire must beimplemented after the score signal has been givenand before waving the score.In the event of an Umpire having blood on his personor uniform the Umpire must:(i) remove or replace any part of his uniform whichhas blood on it; and/or(ii) have blood removed from any part of his body andthe cause of bleeding (if any) treated and covered sothat all blood is contained before continuing to officiate.Reporting Procedures (READ LAWS 19.2, 19.3)One of the responsibilities of an Umpire is to reportreportable offences. It is important that the Umpirecarries out the correct procedures at the time of thereport (and following the match in terms of completingthe paperwork).On Ground• Identify the reportable incident eg. using abusivelanguage. Intentionally, recklessly or negligentlystriking another person or charging another person.• Stop the match, blow time-on.• Advise the offender and the player offendedagainst at the time of the incident.• Make a brief note at the time of the report,eg. Players’ numbers, offence, location.• Send the offending player off(where local rules indicate).• Blow time off and recommence the match.Order Off (Law 20) The Order Off Law applies to all competitions otherthan AFL first grade matches. However, ControllingBodies may vary aspects of the “Order Off” Law(refer to Laws 20.2, 20.4 and 20.5).Umpire coaches should inform Umpires ofsuch variations.The Law requires that Field Umpires (and emergencyField Umpires) order from the field for the remainderof the match:• all players reported under Law 20.2,• any player reported by a Field Umpire for a secondoffence under Laws 19.2.2 (e),(f)(g ii-xi),(h-p)The Order Off Law (20.5) also empowers the FieldUmpire (and emergency Field Umpire) to order fromthe field for a period determined by the relevantControlling Body:• any player committing a first offence under Laws19.2.2 (e),(f)(g ii-xi),(h-p). The Field Umpire isto signal by pointing to the interchange area withan outstretched arm (although some ControllingBodies use a system of “red” and “yellow” cards).The player must then proceed directly to theinterchange steward.The consequences of failing or refusing toleave the ground when ordered off are severe.Such action means that:• the player will be reported for misconduct;• the match terminated, and;• his team forfeit the match.Should the team have fewer than 14 players asa consequence of the player/s being ordered off,it is at the Field Umpire’s discretion that the matchmay continue. It is also his responsibility to forwardall details including the scores at the time to theControlling Body.The result of the match is in the hands of theControlling Body, which may confirm the resultin accordance with the scorecards or determinea forfeit under the provisions of Law 10.7.MODULE 4 39

ASSESSMENtYou will need to demonstrateinterpreting and applying thefollowing Laws, in accordancewith the Spirit of the Laws:• Contest for the BallHigh tacklePush in the backHolding the man• Tackling Player in PossessionHolding the BallIllegal Disposal• Marking Contests• Marks• Out of Bounds• Out of Bounds on the Full• Returning the ball to the centre of the ground• Monitoring the centre square at commencement/re-commencementof play• A Goal• A Behind• Indicating to scoreboard attendants• Blood rule• Order-Off40 level one umpires manual

Unit 4 – PositionMaintaining the best possible position in relation toplay from which to adjudicate is the most importantskill in the Umpires’ preparation.Accurate and consistent decision making can onlyoccur if the Umpire gets a “good look at the incident”,which includes being able to see the player's head,shoulder and the ball.Acceleration/Trigger PointsThere are a range of circumstances in a match whenthe umpire will need to accelerate/trigger to achievegood positioning. These circumstances include:Field UmpiresScrimmagesWhen the whistle is blown for a field throw-up, theField Umpire should use that as an acceleration/triggerpoint to sprint to gather the ball for the throw-up.Out of BoundsWhen the ball is blown out of bounds by the BoundaryUmpire, the Field Umpire should use that as anacceleration/trigger point to sprint to position himselffor the throw-in.Boundary UmpiresWithin the Scoring AreaWhen a mark or free kick has been awarded withinscoring distance, the Boundary Umpire should usethat as an acceleration/trigger point to sprint to get tothe behind post to position himself for the kick at goal.Running with the running playerwhen they have possessionof the ballWhen the player with the ball sprints/increases pace,Boundary Umpires should accelerate to ensure theykeep up with play.The ability to sprint is an attribute of successfulumpires and they use this attribute to maximumbenefit during a match.Field Umpire – one umpireCentre THROW UPThe approach is along the minor axis. (An imaginaryline across the centre of the ground). After the throwup, back away quickly aiming to obtain a position20-25 metres from the contest.Ball heads towardsthe Boundary LineWhen the ball is heading towards the boundary lineand the Field Umpire is caught behind players, usethat as an acceleration point to sprint to position onthe side of play.Within the Scoring AreaWhen a mark or free kick has been awarded withinscoring distance, the Field Umpire should use thatas an acceleration/trigger point to sprint to line upthe player for the kick at goal.When the ball is kicked in after a behind, the FieldUmpire should use that as an acceleration/triggerpoint to sprint to be side on to the contest, some20-25m inside the contest.Running with the running playerwhen they have possessionof the ballWhen the player with the ball sprints/increases pace,the Field Umpire should accelerate to ensure he keepsup with play.General PlayWhen the ball is disposed of and the Field Umpire isretaining control, that can be used as an acceleration/trigger point to sprint to the best position for thenext contest.MODULE 4 41

Field THROW UPThrow up with your back to the major axis.(An imaginaary line extending from the centre ofthe goal at both ends and passing through the centre)or the centre of the ground. After the throw up, backaway quickly aiming to obtain a position 20-25 metresfrom the contest.Set Play – one UmpireAfter placing the player on the mark and ensuringthe kicker is on the correct line of kick, the Umpireshould back off at 45 degrees from the mark, to aposition half way between the mark and the anticipateddestination of the kick. After the kick the Umpire shouldrun to a position side on to the contest about 20-25metres inside the play.Kick-In After a BehindAfter giving “all-clear” the Umpire should positionhimself on the major axis, 25 metres from the kick-offline. Before the kick being taken, the Umpire mustimmediately clear, all players (other than the playerkicking the football into play) from the area within5m of the goal square. After the kick, the Umpireshould run to a position side on to the contest some20-25 metres inside the play.NB: A defender can kick the ball in once the goalUmpire has signalled a behind.Boundary Throw-inInitial position should be 10-15 metres side-on toand slightly in front of the contest on the long side ofthe ground (play between Umpire and nearest goal).At the throw-in, the Umpire should be on the moveand be side on to the ruckmen as they contact theball, then moving quickly inside play. (Play betweenUmpire and nearest boundary line).General PlayThe Umpire should always be inside play, about20-25 metres from the contest, always aiming to be sideon to the contest. This allows the Umpire a clear viewof the contesting players and correct positioning forthe next act of play.Boundary UmpirePosition at commencement of matchBoundary Umpires are to decide which side ofthe oval they will run in the first quarter. A changeof sides is then made at the start of each quarter.To get to the corner of the centre square for thecommencement of the game, the Boundary Umpireswill start by facing opposite each other on the centrecircle, then together turn around and run towards thecorner of the square.Stand in the point of the corner with hands behindthe back, remaining there until the ball is bounced.This is repeated at the start of each quarter.42 level one umpires manual

Centre squareFor every centre throw up (start of each quarter andafter a goal has been scored) Boundary Umpires willposition themselves on diagonally opposite cornersof the centre square. Each Boundary Umpire isresponsible for supervising the centre square linesthat intersect at their corner. Immediately the ballhas been thrown up, the Boundary Umpire must runforward at an angle of 25-40 degrees from the cornerof the square toward the boundary line.After a behind has been scored(a) From a set kickWhen the Boundary Umpire is positioned behindthe behind post and a behind has been scored,the Goal Umpire will give his signal and the BoundaryUmpire will then run backwards along the boundaryline for about 50 metres, keeping the ball and playersunder observation at all times. The Boundary Umpireis not to move until the Goal Umpire has signalled hisdecision. Upon reaching a point about 50 metres alongthe boundary line, the Boundary Umpire should remainthere until play recommences.General playBoundary Umpires must follow the ball from goalto goal, avoid interfering with players and positionthemselves so that they have a good view of theboundary line when play is close to the boundaryline. Boundary Umpires will often need to acceleratein order to keep correct position, ie: staying upwith the play, e.g.: a quick passage of play.When play is on the other side of the groundthe Boundary Umpire is advised to move insidethe playing arena, however, no further than their sideof the centre square. The Boundary Umpire shall notplace themselves between the players and the ball.(b) From general playWhen the Boundary Umpire is still running toward thegoal, he will immediately back off to the boundary line.Scrimmage/play close tothe boundary lineThe Boundary Umpire must make every effortto position on the boundary line about 5m tothe long side of the play.Behind the behind postWhen required to take up position behind thebehind post, the position will be behind the behindpost in a direct line with the location of the ball.When the Boundary Umpire is stationed at thebehind post for a set shot and the ball hits the behindpost on the full, he will tap the post three times aftersignalling out of bounds on the full.MODULE 4 43

Set kick at goalWhen a player is having a set shot at goal, it may benecessary to sprint to the behind post to assist theGoal Umpire. Watch player with the ball at all times.Where a player is taking a set kick at goal (froma mark or free kick) Boundary Umpires shouldposition themselves behind the behind posts tolend support to the Goal Umpire. The Goal Umpireis the final judge of a score and can overrule theBoundary Umpire if necessary.Goal UmpireIn general play beyond scoring distance, the GoalUmpire should generally keep the play in line withhimself and the centre of the goal line.When the ball is within scoring distance of goal,the Goal Umpire should be positioned so that the ball,the centre of the goal line, and the Goal Umpire forma straight line.Goal Umpires should attempt to position themselvesunder the flight of the ball to ensure the correct scoringdecision is made.Goal Umpires should attempt to astride the line to viewclosely contested situations, in relation to the scoringlines to assist Umpires with their decision making.Position (under theflight of the ball)Goal Umpires should attempt to position themselvesunder the flight of the ball and out of the way of playersonly if the ball is touchable on the following occasion:• a high kick at the scoring area.Position (on line situation)Goal Umpires must attempt to be astride the goalline and out of the way of players only if the ball istouchable on the following occasions:• dropping ball;• ball bouncing along the ground towards goal;• player running for close in kick;• contest on goal/behind line.44 level one umpires manual

Two Umpire System – DefinitionsMajor AxisMinor AxisEnds ofCentre SquareSides of CentreSquareTramlines50-metre linesOne Umpire area(end zone)The UmpireNo. 2Set PlayInside the PlayShort sideLong sideAttacking PlayerDefending PlayerChange ofControlAn imaginary straight line, which divides the playing field into, halves lengthwaysextending from centre of goal at both ends and passing through the centre.An imaginary straight line which divides the playing field sideways extendingfrom wing to wing passing through the centre.The lines of the centre square parallel to the minor axis.The lines of the centre square parallel to the major axis.Imaginary straight lines, extending from the ends of the sides of the centresquare to the boundary lines at both ends of the ground, parallel to the major axis.Extend in an arc from one boundary line to the other 50 metres from thecentre of the goal.The area at both ends of the ground within 50 metres of goal.The Umpire controlling play.The Umpire not controlling play.Resultant play from a mark or free kick.Refers to The Umpire’s position. The Umpire is “inside the play” when the playis between him and the nearest boundary line.Refers to The Umpire’s position – when he is between play and nearest goal.Refers to The Umpire’s position – when play is between him and nearest goal.Any player of “the team in possession” of the ball.Any player of “the team not in possession” of the ball.When control of play passes from one Umpire to the other by “The Umpire”relinquishing control to No. 2. Thus, No. 2 becomes “The Umpire” and “The Umpire”becomes No. 2.MODULE 4 45

Starting the MatchDeciding “The Umpire”The Umpires will decide who will commence the matchas “The Umpire” prior to leaving the Umpires room andentering the arena.Entry to ArenaThe Field Umpires will walk side by side, followed by thetwo Boundary Umpires, then the two Goal Umpires.The Umpire will carry the football, and when the groupis approximately 25 metres inside the playing arena, willhold the ball aloft until acknowledged by the timekeepersby a single blast on the siren. The group will proceed tothe centre circle, where Field and Boundary Umpiresmay then break away to commence their warm up.Warm Up PeriodMost Controlling Bodies will have rules for theircompetition relative to teams taking footballs onto theground for their warm up. The Coach should familiarisethe Umpires with the requirements of the ControllingBody regarding its version of the warm up period.Commencing the Match(for each quarter)To commence play at the start of each quarter,The Umpire shall hold the ball above his head, awaitacknowledgement from the timekeeper by a single blastof the siren, blow his whistle and bounce/throw-up theball – in the circle. Match timing shall commence on thesound of the whistle.Control and PositioningThese are the critical areas of the operation of theTwo Umpire System. Co-operation, communicationand concentration are essential. Only the Umpire willinstigate a change of control. Under no circumstanceswill No. 2 instigate a change of control.Control – General PlayAs a general rule. The Umpire is responsible forawarding all free kicks and marks (set plays) exceptin special circumstances. (See information – SpecialProvisions Covering the Awarding of Free Kicks by No. 2).FIGURE 246 level one umpires manual

Centre Bounces/Ball-ups• Starting each quarterWhen the decision has been made as to who willcommence the match as “The Umpire”, he willbounce/throw-up the ball to start the 1st and 2ndquarters. The other Umpire will bounce/throw-upthe ball to start the 3rd and 4th quarters.• PositioningThe ground is theoretically divided in half bythe minor axis. Prior to the commencement ofeach quarter, the Umpires decide which half theywill operate in for the first bounce/throw-up.For the bounce/throw-up, The Umpire makeshis approach along the minor axis; (this may bevaried slightly if ground conditions prevent a goodapproach). No. 2 will be positioned about 50-metresalong from the goal line and 20 metres from the majoraxis, on the opposite side of the ground to TheUmpire. (See Fig. 2 Positioning at centre bounce).After each goal The Umpire will give the “all clear”and then move to a position approximately 50 metresalong from the goal line and 20 metres from the majoraxis and on the same side of the ground to which thefirst Boundary Umpire runs. This position may varyaccording to ground size. In doing this The Umpirethen becomes No. 2.No. 2, at the time the “all clear” is given, will move tothe centre square to receive the ball from the secondBoundary Umpire. No. 2 then becomes “The Umpire”.(See Figure 3).If for reasons of sun, wind or ground conditions, itwould be better for The Umpire to change sides of themajor axis for the centre bounce/throw-up, this may becarried out after The Umpire has received the ball fromthe Boundary Umpire.Positioning at centre bounce after goal scoredfacilitating the change of Umpire. (See Fig. 3Positioning at centre bounce).• Predetermined areas of controlAfter the bounce/throw-up (no infringementshaving occurred) The Umpire shall back off alongthe minor axis and make position according to thenext act of play.No. 2 should be adjusting his position on the fieldaccordingly, prepared to become The Umpire shouldthe ball be clearly kicked into his area of the groundand control is handed over. (See Figure 4).FIGURE 3FIGURE 4MODULE 4 47

Predetermined areas of control immediatelyfollowing a centre bounce.In the case where the ball does not clearly go in eitherdirection, The Umpire retains control; No. 2 will beadjusting his position accordingly.In the case where the ball travels clearly in No. 2’sdirection, The Umpire will relinquish control and backaway quickly.• ResponsibilitiesThe Umpire: awards all free kicks observed atcentre bounces/throw-ups.No.2: may award penalties for 5 in squareinfringements and off the ball-infringementse.g. holding, shepherding, charging, etc. butnot infringements in the actual ruck contest(except as note below).Note: The No. 2 Umpire may penalise major andobvious infringements in the ruck contest whenThe Umpire is obviously unsighted e.g. whenThe Umpire is interfered with or knocked over.Positioning – General Play – The Umpire• Ball-in contestThe Umpire should attempt at all times to beinside the play, some 20 to 25 metres away.• Ball heads toward boundary linewithin scoring distance.If play is within a kick of goal, he runs to the longside (see Figure 5).• Ball heads toward boundary line not withinscoring distance.On the other occasions he runs to the short side(see Figure 6).Boundary throw-insThe spot where the ball went out of bounds willdetermine which side of the ruck contest TheUmpire will stand. If the spot is within a kick ofgoal, he will stand on the long side (see Figure 7).On all other occasions he will stand on the short side(see Figure 8). In either position, The Umpire must beside on (and slightly forward) to the players contestingthe hit out at the point of contact, then move quicklytoward the major axis, inside play, immediately contactis made with the ball.Field bounces/throw-upsThe Umpire will bounce/throw-up the ball facing theboundary, goal or behind line when in the vicinity ofthose lines so as not to be caught outside the play.• Ball heads toward boundaryWhen play heads toward the boundary line;The Umpire must attempt to get on the side of play.FIGURE 5 FIGURE 648 level one umpires manual

Positioning – General Play No. 2No. 2 should be a little less than a kick away fromplay, within the tramlines, or just outside whereplay permits. He will continually adjust his positionin accordance with the movements of play.Retaining Control – General PlayIf The Umpire intends to retain control in generalplay (even though the ball is kicked toward No. 2)he will be moving with the play and tapping himselfon the side of the chest nearest No. 2.• Long passage of play with ball-in contestControl must never change while the ball is incontest. The Umpire retains control when theball travels into No. 2’s one Umpire area (withouta full length kick) but he must be on the lookoutfor an opportunity to change control, e.g. by a longhandpass, a kick off the ground, a player runningwith the ball (but not being tackled), etc.FIGURE 8• Short kicks, and kicks across groundIn these instances, The Umpire should generallyretain control as he is usually in the better position.He should indicate his decision quickly and clearly,by tapping his chest as indicated above.• Ball kicked out of defenceThe Umpire retains control when the ball is kickedout of defence and appears unlikely to cross the endof square line or its extension to the boundary oneach side of the ground. This will ensure the bestopportunity for No. 2 to gain good position shouldthe ball continue quickly to a position deep in theforward line.• Player running with the ballWhere the player with the ball runs towards No. 2,The Umpire must run with the running player. No. 2will back off accordingly.FIGURE 7 FIGURE 9MODULE 4 49

No. 2 should be adjusting his position by backingaway when he sees The Umpire moving toward himwith the play, but he should be alert, anticipatingthat The Umpire will be looking for an opportunityto relinquish control (see Figure 9. Play travellinginto No 2’s one Umpire area – long passage of playwith ball-in contest without a full length kick).Change of Control – Kicks in General PlayIf The Umpire intends to relinquish control, he willstop running when the ball is kicked and yell ‘yours’.No. 2 will be watching play and The Umpire, and willact according to the indication given by The Umpire.The onus is on The Umpire to make his intentionsknown in a quick, obvious and decisive manner.Change of Control – Breaks in PlayIf The Umpire has had control for a long time, he may,at a suitable break in play (e.g. a behind being scored,but Umpires need to be aware of the possibility of aquick kick-in after a behind.) call in No. 2 to take over asThe Umpire. No. 2 cannot instigate a change of control.Awarding Marks and Free KicksDetermines PositioningThe Umpire is responsible for penalising all infringementsand awarding all marks in general play (exceptin special circumstances as noted). He then determinescontrol of the next act of play by his positioning, which willbe dependent on the direction of the resultant free kick.Two Umpire Control – set play• Ball kicked toward No. 2 (see Figure 10)If the kick is to be directed toward No. 2, The Umpireassumes a position along the line of the set playsome 15 metres inside the player on the mark. No.2 assumes a position just short of the anticipateddestination of the kick and inside the players awaitingthe ball.The Umpire supervises the set play. He retains the roleof The Umpire until the ball is kicked. No. 2 supervisesthe players at the anticipated destination and becomesThe Umpire when the action commences.No. 2 has nothing to do with supervising the set playin this situation.• Ball kicked away from No. 2 (see Figure 11)The Umpire supervises play immediately afterawarding the set play, i.e. puts player on mark etc.and retains verbal control whilst backing off in thedirection of the anticipated kick until No. 2 arriveswithin 15/20 metres of the set play (a position fromwhich he can assume verbal control) at whichtime The Umpire can relinquish control. In thesecircumstances No. 2 must ensure he moves quicklyto his new position to assume control.No. 2 becomes The Umpire and controls the set playand should aim to achieve a position along the line ofthe set play 15 metres inside the mark. The new No. 2now must move very quickly to achieve a position justshort of the anticipated destination, 20–25 metresinside the players awaiting the ball.FIGURE 10 FIGURE 1150 level one umpires manual

Special NoteWhere The Umpire deems there is a need for him toshow strong presence at the set play, he will indicate toNo.2 his intention to stay at the set play by tapping hisbuttock. No.2 will then run past assuming a position20–25 metres from the anticipated next act of play.It is vital that The Umpire decide and indicate QUICKLYhis intention to remain at the set play, allowing hispartner the maximum time available to take up his newposition at the next act of play.Two Umpire control – set play, kick at goalunlikely to scoreTwo Umpire control applies when a set kick at goal isunlikely to score. (see Fig. 12).After awarding the set play, The Umpire adopts thenormal position for the ball kicked away from No. 2(but does not go quite so far down in relation to theanticipated destination; he is a little shorter and widerso as not to get caught up in play around goals) andbecomes No. 2.No. 2 runs in quickly to supervise the mark therebybecoming The Umpire. He must attempt to be inverbal control of the mark as quickly as possible,assuming a position along the line of the mark15 metres inside.As soon as the ball is kicked, he quickly returnsto the No. 2 position within the tramlines.(i) Outside the TramlinesWhere The Umpire awards a set play and the kick isnot likely to score and The Umpire is required to attendthat set play (that is he needs to show a presence atthe spot) he will indicate to No 2 that he will be stayingat the set play by tapping his buttock. No 2 will run intothe 50-metre area assuming an appropriate positionjust short of the expected destination of the kick.(ii) Within the TramlinesThe Umpire may award a set play and then run forwardto position just short of the expected destination of thekick, so as to keep players forward of the play underobservation. No 2 will run in and position himself totake control of the mark thus becoming The Umpire.One Umpire Control – Set Play• Kick out of defence (see Figure 13)Where a player has a set play out of defence theusual one Umpire positioning applies. The Umpirewill position himself between kicker and catcher atapproximately forty five degrees to the line of kick,but close enough to maintain verbal control of theplayer on the mark and the player with the ball.As the ball is kicked, The Umpire runs to a position20–25 metres from the contest, inside play andadjacent to it. No. 2 is positioned within the tramlines orjust outside depending on the play and approximatelya kick away on the same side of the major axis asThe Umpire.FIGURE 12 FIGURE 13MODULE 4 51

The Umpire retains control when the ball is kickedout of defence and appears unlikely to cross theend of square line or its extension to the boundaryon each side of the ground.This will ensure the best opportunity for No. 2 togain good position should the ball continue quicklyto a position deep in the forward line.• Kick at goal, likely to score (see Figure 14)One Umpire control applies when the player on themark is required to take up his position less than 40metres from the goal line. After lining the player up,The Umpire should position himself close enoughto have verbal control of both the player on the markand the player with the ball at least 45 degrees tothe anticipated line of kick. The shorter the kick, thewider the angle.No. 2 is positioned within the tramlines ready forany rebound.Special NoteWhere the mark of the set play is wide on the ground(near a boundary line) requiring The Umpire to runout to line up the kick at goal, The Umpire must takeinto account the possibility of the player with the ballkicking quickly, or playing on. This often results inThe Umpire being caught badly out of position,i.e. too close to the mark or under the flight of the ball.The Umpire must be alert and anticipate the “next actof play”. If it is obvious that the player will kick quicklyor play on, The Umpire will not run into the mark butwill make position based on the anticipated “next actof play”. If it is obvious that the player will kick at goal,The Umpire will run in quickly, line up the kick andquickly move back to the correct position.Umpires must always anticipate “the next act of play”in determining their positioning in these circumstances.Umpires need to remain alert and display anticipationto ensure they are not caught out of position, and missinfringements particularly around goals.• Kick in from a behind (see Figure 15)One Umpire control applies. The Umpire will givethe all clear, then immediately clear all players fromthe area within 5 metres of the goal square exceptfor the player taking the kick. The Umpire needs tobe alert for the player who brings the ball back intothe field of play immediately after the goal Umpiresignals a behind.The Umpire will then back off some 25 metres fromthe kick off line and close to the major axis. If theplayer kicking off decides to do so from the side ofthe goal square the Umpire will align himself with thegoal post on the side of the major axis that the playeris intending to kick to, whilst No. 2 will be positionedwithin the tramlines, near to the end of the centresquare and adjusts position in relation to the kick.FIGURE 14 FIGURE 1552 level one umpires manual

Infringement After Disposal • Attacking team infringed againstWhen the attacking team is infringed againstafter disposal (i.e. the kicker or the shepherder).• Kick directed toward No. 2The Umpire will blow his whistle loudly and pointdown field, in the direction of the kick, in a definiteand obvious manner.He must make certain No. 2 acknowledges andunderstands that there is a free kick down field.The Umpire then becomes No. 2 and must ensurehe takes appropriate action with the player whoinfringed. This may mean speaking with the player,a caution, or a report. He certainly needs to show apresence and prevent any retaliation likely to occur.No. 2 becomes The Umpire and awards the freekick at the spot where the ball landed or was firsttouched, or allows play to proceed if it has gone tothe advantage of the team offended against.• Kick directed away from No. 2The Umpire will blow the whistle, point down fieldwhere the ball lands and run with play. He will awardthe free kick at the spot where the ball landed or wasfirst touched, or allow play to proceed if it has goneto the advantage of the team offended against.No. 2 should be aware of the situation andimmediately take appropriate action, with theplayer who infringed, as described in above.• Defending team infringed againstWhen the defending team is infringed against afterdisposal by the attacking team (i.e. chaser infringedagainst by the shepherder), The Umpire will blow thewhistle loudly and award the resultant free kick at thespot where the infringement occurred, provided it willpenalise the offending team.• Resuming Play at Correct Location after DelayWhere The Umpire has stopped play for any reason,and his attention is directed away from the spot whereplay stopped (i.e. an altercation further down ground,away from No. 2), No. 2 will particularly note the locationwhere play stopped. Should a team attempt to gainan advantage by either advancing or retracting thelocation of the spot that play stopped, No. 2 will directThe Umpires’ attention to the correct location wherethe play should recommence.Time OnOnly The Umpire can blow “time on” or “time off”however, if No. 2 (at the time the undue delay commenced)becomes The Umpire before the delay is over, he willblow “time off” even though he did not blow “time on”.End of QuartersThe ball shall be deemed dead when one of the FieldUmpires hears the first sound of the siren. That FieldUmpire shall be the sole judge of whether the ball hasbeen kicked or handled or whether a free kick has beenawarded prior to the first sound of the siren.Reportable OffencesEvery Umpire witnessing a reportable offence mustmake a report. In the case of a Goal and/or BoundaryUmpire reporting an incident not seen by either FieldUmpire, refer to your Controlling Body’s local rulesfor the correct procedure for following through withthe report.• The UmpireIn most instances, for The Umpire to observe areportable offence, it will occur where the play is.A free kick will be awarded where the incidentoccurred. The Umpire must be alert; however,not to enforce the free kick if the side offendedagainst will be penalised, that is, if the ball hasgone to advantage.The onus is on The Umpire to decide if the ballhas gone to advantage, if not, play must bestopped and the report made immediately.If play has gone to advantage, The Umpire willinform the parties concerned in the report at thefirst available opportunity.• No. 2• Refer to – Special Provisions coveringthe awarding of free kicks by No. 2If a reportable incident occurs under any of thesecircumstances the report will be made immediately,subject to provisions applying to play going toadvantage (as for The Umpire above).• Reportable incident in generalplay (controlled by The Umpire)Unless the play has gone to advantage,The Umpire should stop play and No. 2 willmake the report immediately in conjunctionwith The Umpire. Should play have gone toadvantage and the ball is kicked toward No. 2,play will proceed and the report will be made byNo 2 at the first opportunity after the incident. Ifball is kicked away from No. 2, he will make thereport immediately.• Reportable incident in general play,not reported by The UmpireIf No. 2 observes a reportable incident in generalplay, and The Umpire does not report, No. 2 willproceed with the report (as per instruction above).However, No. 2 should take into account The Umpirewill be much closer to the incident and generallyhave a better view unless of course, his view mayMODULE 4 53

have been obscured. If No. 2 reports under thesecircumstances he must be absolutely certain thata reportable offence has occurred.• Special Provisions: The Awarding of Free Kicksby No. 2As a general rule, The Umpire is responsiblefor awarding all free kicks and marks (set plays).However, occasionally circumstances arise whereMAJOR infringements occur and are observed byNo. 2 and not The Umpire as his vision may have beenobscured. Therefore it is necessary to have specialprovisions to accommodate these circumstances.Centre Bounces/throw-ups• Infringement Forward of the Ball to be KickedToward No. 2• Attacking player infringed againstNo. 2 will blow his whistle loudly attracting theattention of The Umpire. The resultant kick will betaken at the spot where the infringement occurred.• Defending player infringed againstNo. 2 will blow his whistle loudly attracting theattention of The Umpire. The resultant kick willbe taken where the ball was at the time.Notes• Under these provisions, a free kick will be awardedonly if it will penalise the offending team. Under nocircumstances will a free kick be awarded if it willpenalise the side offended against.• Free kicks will be taken at the spot where theinfringement occurred, or where the ball was atthe time, whichever is the greater penalty againstthe offending team.• No. 2 must realise that a free kick awarded underthese provisions will interrupt the flow of the game.Therefore only warranted infringements willbe penalised.• Free kicks awarded by No. 2 under these provisionsare fraught with the possible danger of confusionarising should The Umpire not be aware of No. 2’saction. Therefore No. 2 must be definite and obviousin his action and at all times ensure that The Umpireis aware, understands and acknowledges.• Method of acknowledgement by The Umpire thatNo. 2 has attracted his attention is to immediatelyblow time on.End of MatchWhere two (or more) Field Umpires are officiating,the ball shall be deemed dead when one of the FieldUmpires hears the first sound of the siren. He willacknowledge that he has heard the siren by blowinghis whistle and raising both arms vertically in the air.• Set Play After SirenIn the event of The Umpire awarding a free kickor mark immediately prior to the siren necessitatingin a shot at goal being taken after the siren, it is quitelikely that spectators may invade the arena. Whenthis occurs, both Umpires are responsible to attemptto prevent spectator interference with the kick.In these circumstances No. 2 must run quickly toThe Umpire’s assistance and their responsibilitiesare as follows:• At kick: No. 2No. 2 to make sure that the kicker has clear access,enlist police, officials and player’s aid if possible.If a spectator interferes with the kicker or smothersthe kick, endeavour to give the kicker another kick.This only applies when the actions of the spectatordirectly affect the attempt to kick the ball.• At goal: The UmpireThe Umpire to endeavour to clear scoring area,enlist police, officials and player’s aid if possible.Should the following circumstances occur, TheUmpire will observe the following instructions: –• Spectator marks or stops ball – end of game.• Spectator assists ball over scoring line – no score– end of game.• Ball deflected over score line after contactingspectator. No score – end of game.• Spectator interferes with defender (irrespectiveof whether he may have been able to touch ballor not). Give “all clear” – score stands.Note: On all occasions when any of the abovecircumstances occur, The Umpire must writeto the controlling body giving full details ofthe incident.Exit From ArenaAs soon as play is completed, both Umpires are tomove to a central spot to enable security measures tobe implemented efficiently. The Boundary Umpireswill retrieve the ball if possible to do so and join FieldUmpires as soon as practical.54 level one umpires manual

ASSESSMENTYou will need to demonstratebasic positioning undermatch conditions.Field, Boundary Goal• Position for the start of match/quarter• Position in general play• Position after a score• Respond to changes in playField• Position for a set play (after a mark or free kick)• Position for a set shot at goal• Position for a boundary throw inBoundary• Position for play close to the boundary lineGoal• Position for high scoring kicks• Position for dropping ball• Position for ball bouncing along ground towards goal• Position for player running for close in kick• Position for a contest on goal/behind linePlease note:The Two Umpire System is not assessed in Level 1.MODULE 4 55

Unit 5 – Skills and Techniquesindications/Signals – Field UmpiresVisual signals/indications are a very important meansof communicating a decision.A range of standard signals/indications have beendeveloped with the view to creating consistency amongUmpires. This promotes a better understanding of whata decision is for.The manner in which the signal/indication is performedis also very important. It should be performed in apositive, clear and decisive manner, leaving no doubtin people’s minds as to the confidence the Umpirehas in the decision.The Umpire should not be too flamboyant with thesignal/indication but animated enough to conveythe message.When performing signals/indications, always keepthe players under observation.The following signals/ indicationsare the most common:• High tackle.• Push in the back.• Holding the man.• Holding the ball.• Commencing play.• Ending play.• All clear – a goal.• All clear – a behind.• Field throw up.An indication should be accompanied by a verbalexplanation of the decision e.g.: “push in the back”,“your free kick No. 7”. but there is no need to go intoa long winded explanation of the decision.Visual signals are used when communicating withother Umpires, such as giving “all clear” to a GoalUmpire for a behind or goal.Signals – Boundary UmpiresWhen the ball crosses the boundary line, the BoundaryUmpire will blow his whistle and give the appropriatesignal – out of bounds or out of bounds on the full.(a) Out of boundsWhen the ball goes outside the boundary line afterhaving touched the ground or having been touchedby a player (out of bounds) the Boundary Umpire shallblow his whistle loudly and extend one arm straightup with an open hand.The Boundary Umpire shall face the Field Umpireuntil the Field Umpire indicates that the ball shouldbe thrown in (or penalises an infringement whichbecomes an overriding decision).Upon receiving confirmation from the Field Umpire,the Boundary Umpire will then retrieve the ball andthrow it in from where the ball crossed the line.(b) Out of bounds on the fullWhen the ball goes outside the boundary line on thefull directly from a kick and not having been touchedby a player (out of bounds on the full) the BoundaryUmpire shall blow his whistle loudly and extend botharms horizontally straight out from the shoulder withopen hands, parallel to the boundary line.The Boundary Umpire shall face the Field Umpireuntil the Field Umpire confirms the free kick (or paysan overriding decision). The Boundary Umpire willthen move to position for the resultant free kick.Out of bounds directly from kickIN after a behind has been scoredWhen the ball goes outside the boundary line froma kick in after a behind has been scored and withouthaving been touched by a player, the Boundary Umpireshall blow his whistle loudly and signal out of boundson the full.Signalling of Scores – Goal UmpiresIrrespective of a goal or behind decision, the signalwith the hands and arms shall be crisp and precise.The hands shall not be raised above the head duringthe signalling procedure and must finish level withhips and parallel with the ground, and in the caseof a goal, body width apart.All scoring signals are to be given within the scoring area.When giving signals Goal Umpires are to be stationary,at attention and facing down the field.56 level one umpires manual

GoalsAll goal signals to be given from the goal line in thecentre of the goal area.BehindsLaw 13.3 states: A player of the defending teammay kick the football into play when the Goal Umpirehas signalled that a behind has been scored.(Note: Not all competitions are playing this Law)When a behind has been scored, the Goal Umpirewill now have to recover quickly to the line to signal abehind and then move quickly to the nearest goal postto access the behind flag to confirm the score. The GoalUmpire will step away from the goal post, in the goalarea, and wave the flag as quickly as possible.After receiving “all clear” from Field Umpire, all signalsare to be given facing directly down the ground.Signals (other than scoring)Visual indications are a very important meansof communicating a decision to umpiring colleaguesand others. Signals are hand movements performedby a Goal Umpire, other than signalling scores. A rangeof standard signals have been developed with the viewto creating consistency among Umpires. This promotesa better understanding of what a decision is for.The manner in which the signal is performedis also very important. It should be performed in apositive, clear and decisive manner, leaving no doubtin people’s minds as to the confidence the Umpire hasin the decision.The Umpire should not be too flamboyant with thesignal but animated enough to convey the message.Tapping chest to indicate a behindGoal Umpires will tap their chests for all behind scores(except for a ball touched on or before the goal line),regardless of whether the Boundary Umpires arepositioned on the behind post or not.A touched decision is given only when the ball isgoing through the goal area and has been touchedby a player before it crosses the goal line. This isdone by hitting one hand three times with the otherabove head height. A touched signal is NOT givenif the ball has been touched by a player beforecrossing the behind line.Ball hitting the goal postWhen the ball hits the goal post the followingsequence will apply:• the Goal Umpire will immediately quickly tap chestto indicate a behind when coming to the scoring line;• give behind signal after receiving the all clear fromthe Field Umpire;• hit goal post three times;• wave behind flag to confirm score.MODULE 4 57

field Umpire indications/signalsCommencing playHolding the ballHigh tackleHolding the manPush in the back Field throw-upAll clear goal All clear behindEnd of playBlood rule58 level one umpires manual

Boundary Umpire signalsOut of boundsOut of boundson the fullFree kick markfor out on the fullBall hit post on the fullGoal Umpire signalsGoal – from here,flags come across once,back once and thenback downBehind – from here,flag comes across,back and then downOut of bounds –to Boundary UmpireBehind has been scored– to Boundary UmpireOn the full – toBoundary UmpireBall hits behind post onthe full – tap three timesMODULE 4 59

the Boundary throw-inThe gripInitial stancePreparationThrow-in60 level one umpires manual

WhistleThe whistle should always be blown strongly – a strong,long whistle reflects confidence.A motto which emphasises this is: If you have to blow it,blow it strong and long.The whistle is worn on the back of the first and secondfingers leaving the palm free for ball handling.It is highly recommended that two new whistlesbe purchased each season. They wear out with use.They should be looked after and maintained in goodcondition in the manner that any proud sportspersonwould look after their equipment.The finger clips are normally covered with soft plasticsleeves. If not, they should be wrapped with water proofadhesive tape. The steel clips will lacerate fingers;plastic sleeves, or alternatively, wrapping with tape,will prevent such laceration.After use, the whistle should be washed in hot water.If possible, it is wise to soak the whistle in hot waterbefore a match, this causes the pea to expand whichresults in a louder sound.It is recommended that the whistle be smearedwith a lubricant jelly (such as Vaseline) or taped (tominimise the risk of chipping teeth) before the match.This will help prevent the Umpires lips from stickingto the whistle when blowing it. Tearing the skin offthe lips is very painful. Many Umpires smear their lipswith Vaseline as extra protection. Field and BoundaryUmpires should always carry a spare whistle duringa match, which is prepared and ready for use. Whistleshave been known to fly off the fingers, or break off thefinger clips, or the pea split.THROW-UPTo provide for a fair contest, the throw-up must be“reasonably” straight, allowing opposing ruckmen tocontest the ball without either one being disadvantagedby the direction in which the ball travels, and highenough to enable them to leap into the air to contestthe descending ball.During the course of the match the Field Umpire willbe required to throw-up the ball on many occasions:• start of play at the commencement of each quarter;• restart play after a goal has been scored;• restart play after it has been stopped, for any reason,by the Field Umpire.All Field Umpires develop their own technique forthrowing up the football and if your natural techniqueproduces consistently accurate throw ups of appropriateheight, then continue with it.There are no precise specifications for a good throw-up.However, expectations will be satisfied if the throw-upis such that a fair contest between ruckmen results.Throwing up the ball is simply throwing a level ball,into the air. Hands can be at either ends of the footballor one hand underneath the ball as it is propelled upward.In summary, a good throw-up could be defined asone which is straight and high resulting in opposingruckmen having a fair and equal opportunity to contestthe ball.Always remember the basic fundamental of umpiring whenthrowing up the ball: “Watch the players – not the ball”.Throw-insThe Boundary Umpire shall, when directed by theField Umpire, throw the ball in without waiting for theplayers to take up positions, at the spot where the ballcrossed the boundary line. The Boundary Umpireshould stand on the boundary line with his back to thearena and throw the ball in over his head towards thecentre of the ground.The ball should be thrown in to a distance of between10-15m and not less than 3m high.The Boundary Umpire must not climb over the fenceto retrieve the ball. If necessary, he will request playersor officials in the vicinity to retrieve it. (Seek assistancefrom the Field Umpire if required).Returning the Ball to the Centre SquareAfter a goal has been scored, it is the BoundaryUmpires responsibility to retrieve the ball and returnit to the Field Umpire in the centre square.The Boundary Umpire must not climb over the fenceto retrieve the ball. If necessary he will request players/officials in the vicinity to retrieve it. (Seek assistancefrom the Field Umpire if required.)MODULE 4 61

The Boundary Umpires decide who will retrieve theball (usually the Boundary Umpire closest to the ball).The other Boundary Umpire will indicate to the FieldUmpire which side of the oval the ball is to be returnedand then position himself approximately half waybetween the goal line and the end of the centre square.The Boundary Umpire who retrieves the ball willrun to the second Boundary Umpire who will, by then,be running at the same pace, and on reaching him,will relay the ball then continue running to the nearestcorner of the centre square on his side of the ground.The second Boundary Umpire will relay the ball to theField Umpire and continue on to the far corner of thesquare on his side of the oval.The actual transfer of the ball from Boundary Umpireto Boundary/Field Umpire should be as follows:• the ball should be thrown from no closer than 5m;• it should have slight backspin and its trajectoryshould be in the form of a slight arc;• it should be delivered so that the receiver cantake the ball in front, about waist high, withoutchanging pace.Boundary Umpires are to remain on the same sideof the oval throughout each quarter.Flag Waving (Law 12.3)The first movement is to raise the flag or flags abovehead at a position akin to 5 to 1 on a clock face.The flag movement will be executed above headand there is not to be any embellishment.Goal: From starting position, flags will be broughtacross once, back once, and down to sides.Behind: From starting position, across, backand down.General: From the position of having signalleda score, move smartly to pick up flags, or flag, lookingup field as you do so to detect any incidents that mightoccur just after a score. Likewise checking whilereturning flags to holders. Umpires should attempt tomove together when getting their flags and waving ascore, and the Umpire at the non-scoring end shouldattempt to keep in time with his partner. If the Umpireat the non-scoring end is distracted and does not seehis partner ready to confirm a score for a goal, theUmpire at the scoring end shall hold his flag(s) abovehis head ready to start waving until his partner isready to wave. This does not apply for a behind.If you need to move out to an incident, wave andrecord the score first.Scoring Procedures Goals: Record goals on score card on returnto the centre of the goal area after replacing flags.Behinds: If unable to record the score before adefender prepares to kick in, wait for the kick in andmark card after next act of play which takes the ballaway from goal area or on a cessation of play, e.g.:out of bounds, free kick.Ensuring Scorecards are Correct:It is most important that Goal Umpires correctlyrecord the scores.The following procedures help minimise any scoringproblems:• always record teams on your scorecard in thesame order as on the main scoreboard;• to enable a double check that each score is recordedto the correct team, on your scorecard identify witha mark the team kicking towards you each quarter –e.g. M for My end, or, if you prefer, an X. Then, as yourecord a score to one of the teams, you double checkthat the score was made at your end of the ground,or the other end;• always record scores 1234 etc. not 1111;• always record your score before you leave your areato attend a melee, report a player, retrieve your capif it blows off, or the siren sounds to end a quarter;• carry a six-times table in your card holder.Goal Umpires check scores at the end of each quarter,ensuring they agree and that the scoreboard is correct.Once Goal Umpires agree and the scoreboard matches,then one of you indicates to the scoreboard that scoresare correct by waving the flags as they would for a goal.If the Goal Umpires’ cards are not identical, thefollowing will assist in deciding who has thecorrect scorecard.• If one scorecard is the same as the scoreboard,it is more likely that it is correct.• The Goal Umpire with the higher score is more likelyto be correct as it is easier to overlook recording ascore than to enter a score twice.• It is more likely that the Goal Umpire at the scoring endis incorrect, as his partner is under less pressure andable to immediately record the score in all instances.62 level one umpires manual

ASSESSMENtYou will need to demonstratethe basic signals/indicationsunder match conditions:• High tackle.• Push in the back.• Holding the man.• Holding the ball.• All clear – a goal.• All clear – a behind.• Ball-up.• Out of bounds.• Out of bounds on the full.• Ball hitting behind post.• Ball hitting goal post on the full.• Encroachment of centre square.• Goal.• Behind.• Behind – hit post.• Behind – touched.• Tapping chest to indicate a behind.• Assisting with out of bounds.• Assisting with out of bounds on the full.You will need to demonstrateeffective use of the whistleunder match conditions:• Strength.• Length of blow.• Timing.• With confidence.You will need to demonstrate thethrow up to the required standardunder match conditions:• Height.• Accuracy.You will need to demonstratecontestable throw ins undermatch conditions:• Height.• Length.• Accuracy.You will need to demonstratecorrect technique for returningthe ball to the centre after a goal:• Collecting ball• Changeover with partner• Returning ball to Field Umpire• Returning to point of the centre squareYou will need to demonstratecorrect flag waving undermatch conditions:• Goal• BehindYou will need to demonstratecorrect scoring proceduresunder match conditions:• Complete scorecardsMODULE 4 63

Unit 6 – AdministrationThe Umpire’s duties are not completed once thefinal siren has sounded. There is a range of paperworkassociated with a football match. That may include:• team sheets;• match reports;• timekeepers’ cards;• interchange Steward sheets;• score cards;• match result card;• best and fairest votes.The Umpires need to check and/or complete someadministrative tasks. That may include:• completing the best and fairest votes. Umpiresshould progressively note players who are playingwell for each quarter. That makes the task ofallocating votes at the end of the match a little easier(Umpires should never divulge who received votes);• completing the match score card;• checking the match scorecard and signing it;• presenting the Goal Umpires’ cards to the Field Umpire;• gathering the timekeeper’s cards, team sheets, GoalUmpires’ cards and interchange steward’s sheet;• completing a match report on behalf of the League.All of the paperwork should be gathered by theField Umpire and placed in the bag or envelopeand forwarded, mailed or handed to the appropriateperson as requested.Reporting Procedures – Laws 19.0One of the responsibilities of an Umpire is to reportreportable offences.It is important that the Umpire carries out the correctprocedures at the time of the report and followingthe match in terms of completing the paperwork.Attendance and performance at the tribunal is alsoan important element in the total reporting procedure.Completing Report of Player FormFollowing the match the following steps are takenwith a reportable offence.• Compile detailed notes at end of the match,or half-time, whichever is appropriate.• Complete the Report Form, taking care to completeit accurately. (Have a colleague check it).• Sign each copy of the Report Form.• Distribute copies of Report Form to a representativefrom each club who should wait upon the Umpireafter the match. (Usually the top copy goes to theLeague, a copy to each club, Umpire keeps a copy).Never discuss the report with players or officialsafter the match.ASSESSMENTYou will need to complete paperwork accurately and in a timely manner at the end of the match.64 level one umpires manual

Module 5MANage others

Unit 1 – Co-operation with othersThe Umpires need to work as a team to ensurethe smooth conduct of the match. A co-operativeapproach is important on match day to assist eachof the Umpires to carry out their roles in themost effective manner.Co-operation can include:• introducing yourself to other Umpires beforethe match;• eye-to-eye contact when using verbal andvisual signals/ indications to the Goal andBoundary Umpires;• Field Umpires using clear ‘all clear’ signals to GoalUmpires for goals and behinds;• Boundary Umpires assisting Goal Umpires todetermine a score;• Goal Umpires assisting Boundary Umpires todetermine if the ball is out of bounds.The Field Umpire has an important leadership role onmatch day. It includes working with a range of officialsboth on and off the field, including officials who ensurethe smooth conduct of the match.Match OfficialsThe two important roles performed by matchofficials are:• timekeeping;• interchange steward.The important aspects of these roles, unlessdetermined otherwise by the relevant ControllingBody, are as follows:Timekeeping (Laws 10.1 – 10.5)Keep the time of each quarter of a Match.Record on time cards the time taken to play eachquarter and lodge the completed cards with therelevant Controlling Body.Sound the siren at the start and end of each quarter;Stop the clock which is used for the timing of eachquarter as required under Law 10.5 for stoppage ofplay; andMonitoring time remaining for ordered off players.Noting and monitoring time of players stretcheredfrom the ground.Perform any other function as may be directedby the relevant Controlling Body.Interchange Steward (Law 7)Be positioned throughout the Match at or near theInterchange Area.Monitor and approve the interchange of players madeby each Team during the Match.Report to the Controlling Body any infringement bya Team of Law 7.Club OfficialsThe three important roles performed by clubofficials are:• match manager;• team manager;• umpire escorts.The important aspects of these roles are as follows:Match ManagerProvide Ground Reports before the game.Act as the contact for Umpires for the stagingof the match.Collect match paperwork where necessary.Team ManagersProvide team sheets before the game.Ensure Umpires are provided with drinks at breaksbetween quarters.Ensure Umpire escorts are present and awareof their responsibilities.Collect match paperwork where necessary afterthe game.66 level one umpires manual

Umpire EscortsEscort Umpires on to the field before the start ofthe first and third quarters.Escort Umpires from the ground at the end of thesecond and fourth quarters.Join the Umpires at the centre circle for the quartertime and three quarter time break.Co-operation between Umpires/match day officialscan include:• introductions by Umpires to other match dayofficials before the match;• eye-to-eye contact when communicating withinterchange steward and timekeepers;• obvious start of quarter, end of quarter and time on/off indications. This will assist the timekeepersin performing their duties;• thanking club officials for their assistanceafter the match.ASSESSMENtYou will need to demonstrateco-operation with others undermatch conditions:• Giving clear verbal and visual signals to umpiring colleagues and others;• Assisting colleagues in decision making situations.MODULE 5 67

Unit 2 – Requirements of Umpiresat TribunalsThe Umpire has an important role following a report.It includes working with a range of people to ensurethe smooth conduct of the tribunal. It is important thatUmpires are aware of the major requirements of anUmpire at a tribunal hearing.Below are some of the key elements the Umpire shouldbe familiar with.At Tribunal:Arrive at the tribunal in plenty of time looking neatand well presented. Remember the image.When giving evidence, be positive, forthright andhonest. Say exactly what you saw and/or heardwhen presenting your evidence or in response toquestions about the incident. Present informationin a logical sequence.Avoid vague responses or comments like “might havebeen”, “possibly”, “er, maybe”.At the completion of the hearing your job is finishedso ask to be excused. The resulting outcome is a matterfor the tribunal, not the Umpire.Always conduct yourself in a polite and professionalmanner before, during, and after the hearing.The tribunal is not a personal dispute between anUmpire and a player. The Umpire is only a witnessreporting what he saw.Relevant Laws:Law 19.0ASSESSMENtYou will need to identify the requirements of an umpire at a tribunal hearing.68 level one umpires manual

Australian Football Level OneAttachment 1Umpire Accreditation – ChecklistThe following checklist sets out the umpiring skills theumpire needs to demonstrate under match conditionsfor Level One Umpire accreditation. The checklistincludes skills from the three umpiring disciplines,meaning that an umpire may wish to become accreditedin more than one discipline e.g. junior field umpiremay wish to gain his accreditation in boundaryumpiring. Many of the skills are common to thethree umpiring disciplines.The Accreditation Checklist will be used by UmpireCoaches when observing and assessing umpiresundertaking Level One Umpire accreditationdemonstrating a range of umpiring skills.Umpires will present the checklist at matches for matchday coaches to use as a reference when assessingthem for their Level One Umpire accreditation.CompetenciesWhat youare requiredto do?What is to be assessed?Completed(signed &dated)Completed(signed &dated)Completed(signed &dated)Module 1 – Qualities of an UmpireDemonstratepersonalqualitiesThe umpire:• Treats others with respect• Is honest with self and others• Acts with integrity• Is trustworthy• Behaves in a responsible manneron and off the ground• Contributes to the umpiring teamModule 2 – Manage SelfDemonstratethe role of theumpire onmatch dayThe umpire:• Interprets and applies the Lawsof Australian Football, in linewith the Spirit of the Laws• Ensures a safe environmentexists for participants• Attends to the administrativerequirements on match dayDemonstratea positiveattitude towardsumpiringThe umpire:• Encourages and supportsumpiring colleagues• Accepts feedback in good spirit• Accepts appointmentsin a positive manner69

CompetenciesWhat youare requiredto do?What is to be assessed?Completed(signed &dated)Completed(signed &dated)Completed(signed &dated)Demonstratean agreedstandard ofon-field andoff-field dressThe umpire:• Presents in neat and tidy fashionDemonstrateeffective peoplemanagementskills onmatch dayThe umpire:• Communicates clearly andconfidently on match day with:• Club officials• Colleagues• Treats players with respectduring the match• Acts positively and responsiblyin a social situation post-matchDemonstrate abasic approachto umpiringAustralianFootballThe umpire:• Is developing an umpiring stylethat includes a rapport with players• Is developing a consistent approachto applying the Laws of the GameDemonstratebasicpreparationfor the matchThe umpire:• Prepares a basic match planfor his game and discussesit with the coach• Undertakes routines for preparingfor the match• Organises paperwork priorto the match• ‘Warms up’ prior to the match• Meets the teamsDemonstratefitness levelrequired ofa Level OneUmpireThe umpire:• Attempts to be up with playduring the match;• Responds to play throughoutthe match70 level one umpires manual

CompetenciesWhat youare requiredto do?What is to be assessed?Completed(signed &dated)Completed(signed &dated)Completed(signed &dated)Implementbasic lifestylemanagementstrategies thatassist theirumpiringThe umpire:• Rehydrates during matchesand at training;• Implement healthcare strategies –sunscreen, a hatContributeto the localumpiring groupenvironmentThe umpire:• Supports and encouragescolleagues at training andon match day;• Puts himself forward to assistat training / coaching sessions;• Presents professionally;• Is a strong advocate of theumpiring group.Module 3 – Manage EnvironmentDisplay anawareness thatthe playingenvironmentis safe andif requiredfacilitatenecessaryactionThe umpire:• Confirms safety of playing surfaceand surrounds, including boundaryand goal work areasDemonstratecopingstrategies onmatch day tohandle/respondto the match dayenvironmentThe umpire:• Is not distracted by crowd,outside influences• Projects himself in a confidentmanner when interacting withteams (fits in);• Maintains concentration(not being distracted)MODULE 5 71

CompetenciesWhat youare requiredto do?What is to be assessed?Completed(signed &dated)Completed(signed &dated)Completed(signed &dated)Module 4 - Manage MatchDemonstrateeffective peoplemanagementskills during thematchThe umpire:• Communicates effectivelywith players and others• Treats players with respect• Explains decisions clearlyand confidentlyInterpret andapply the basicLaws in linewith the Spiritof the LawsThe umpire:Field Umpire• Is confident in decision making• ‘Looks after the player going in forthe ball – penalises contest for theball infringements – in the back,holding the man, high contact• In tackling player in possession –penalises illegal tackles, incorrectdisposals and players taking toolong to dispose of the ball legally• In marking contests – penalisesinfringements –push in back,high contact• Awards a mark – football controlledand travelled at least 15 metresBoundary Umpire• Signals ball out of bounce• Signals ball out on the full andindicates the spot of the mark• Indicates ball touched over theboundary line• Promptly returns the ball to thecentre of the ground after a goalhas been scored• Penalises players who enter thecentre square after the field umpirecommences the approach tothrowing up the ball and priorto the ball being thrown up72 level one umpires manual

CompetenciesWhat youare requiredto do?What is to be assessed?Completed(signed &dated)Completed(signed &dated)Completed(signed &dated)Goal Umpire• Judges and signals a goal• Judges and signals a behind• Indicates ‘scores correct’to scoreboard attendants• Implements the bloodrule procedures• Implements the ‘Order Off’ –yellow card proceduresDemonstrateeffective matchmanagementin ‘generalplay’ situationsunder matchconditionsThe umpire:• Is prepared to make a decision• Displays confidence in decisionmaking• Responds to players and others andmatch related situations in a calmand confident manner• Awards the ‘first’ free kick• Breaks up scrimmages when theball is immediately trapped• Has a presence and exertsinfluence when required• Is composed and remains calmin most situationsDemonstrateeffective matchmanagementin ‘set play’situations (ieafter awarding amark/free kick)under matchconditionsThe Field Umpire:• Advises the spot of the mark• Ensures the player is on the correctline of kick• Attempts to clear/have cleared the10 metre protected area• Correctly manages the ‘kick inafter a behind’• Quickly calls ‘play on’ when playershave moved off their line of kick• Applies 25/50 metre penaltiescorrectlyMODULE 5 73

CompetenciesWhat youare requiredto do?What is to be assessed?Completed(signed &dated)Completed(signed &dated)Completed(signed &dated)Implementbasic umpirepositioningunder matchconditionsThe umpire:Field Umpire• Commences the match/quarterscorrectly and confidently• Attempts to get side on to contestsin general play• Attempts to get 25 metres fromcontests in general play• Adjusts position in general play• Positions mid way between kickerand goal line for kick likely to score• Positions side on to boundarythrow in contestsBoundary Umpire• Positions on the squarefor commencement of thematch/quarters• Attempts to get to the behindpost for set shots at goal• Adjusts position in general playGoal Umpire• Attempts to get under the flightof the ball• Attempts to straddle the scoringline when required• Adjusts position when the ballis in general playUse the whistleeffectivelyunder matchconditionsThe umpire:• Blows the whistle in a timelymanner and loudly74 level one umpires manual

CompetenciesWhat youare requiredto do?What is to be assessed?Completed(signed &dated)Completed(signed &dated)Completed(signed &dated)Demonstratethe basicsignals/indicationsunder matchconditionsThe umpire uses the following signals/indications in a confident manner:Field Umpire• In the back• High tackle• Holding the man• Field throw up• Time on/of• All clear – goal• All clear – a behindBoundary Umpire• Out of bounds• Out on the full• Touched over the boundary lineGoal Umpire• A goal• A behind• Out on the full• Out of bounds• Ball hit the post• Touched over the goal lineImplementthe ball up tothe requiredstandardunder matchconditionsThe Field Umpire:• Throws the ball up straightand to a contestable heightDemonstratecorrecttechniquefor returningthe ball to thecentre aftera goalThe Boundary Umpire:• Collects the ball following a goalwhen required• Passes the ball to colleague andruns to nearest point of the square• Coveys the ball to the field umpireand runs smartly to the furtherestpoint of the squareMODULE 5 75

CompetenciesWhat youare requiredto do?What is to be assessed?Completed(signed &dated)Completed(signed &dated)Completed(signed &dated)Demonstratecorrect scoringproceduresunder matchconditionsThe Goal Umpire:• Correctly completes a scorecard:• Checks scores with partnerat end of each quarterComplete allpaperwork ina professionaland timelymanner.The umpire:• Attends to the completion ofpaperwork following the matchModule 5 – Manage OthersDemonstrateco-operationwith othersunder matchconditionsThe umpire:• Gives clear verbal and visual signalsto umpiring colleagues and others• Assists colleagues in decisionmaking situationsAustralian Football Level One Umpire AccreditationThe following tasks need to be completed by umpires undertaking Level One Umpire Accreditation.They can be completed in discussions with an umpire coach or undertaken on-line.Module/TaskCompletedModule 3 – Manage EnvironmentList the legal responsibilities of an umpireModule 5 – Manage OthersIdentify the requirements of an umpire at a tribunal hearing76 level one umpires manual

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