The Soils of Elgin County - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
The Soils of Elgin County - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada The Soils of Elgin County - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Figure 8.Schematic landscape cross-section showing the relationship of some soils that often occur onmaterials of lacustrine origin .Clayey texturedPort Stanley TinSandy textured solianor lacustrine depositsClayey texturedlacustrine depositsMON Heavy day texturedlacustrine depositsSandytexturediiuvial depositsFigure 9.Schematic landscape cross-section showing the relationship of some soils that oftenoccur in transition areas between glacial till and ices-contact drift materials, and lacustrinematerialsToledo soilsErodedChannelitw"p-"."»WSClayey texturedlacustrine depositsLoamytexturedlacustrine depositsClayey texturedPort Stanley TillGravelly sand textured fluvialor lacustrine deposits
HOW THE SOILS WERE MAPPED AND CLASSIFIEDSoil MappingThe resurvey of the soils of Elgin County wasundertaken in a series of stages . The first stageconsisted of a sampling program in which thesoils were described and sampled according to soiltypes and their spatial distribution as indicated onthe old soil map. Data from this samplingprogram, and information gathered from existingresource publications such as geological reports,was used to build the soil legend which appearson the border of the soil maps .The second stage of the resurvey involved thedetermination of tentative soil boundaries throughstereoscopic examination of aerial photographs,and field checking of the soils occurring withinthose boundaries. At each field check, standardsoil classification guidelines outlined in '"TheCanadian System of Soil Classification" (11) and"The Canada Soil Information System (CanSIS) -Manual for describing soils in the field" (12) wereapplied . The Ontario Institute of Pedologypublication "field manual for describing soils" (13)was also used at field checks . These publicationsdefined the limits employed in this survey forslope, texture, and drainage classes . Additionalsampling was undertaken at some field checks toexpand the soil database.Field checking was mainly carried out alongpublic roads which generally provided easyaccess. Site inspections were carried out on aregular basis, especially in areas wherestereoscopic interpretations suggested major soil orlandscape differences were present. At each site,vertical soil sections were examined through theuse of a probe, auger, or shovel. Soil texture anddrainage were assessed at each site, as well assurface slope . Most examinations were made to adepth of about one metre below the surface.The final stage of the resurvey involved thecompilation of soil maps from informationcollected in the field. The information wasrecorded on site cards and on aerial photographs,and was used to compile a series of maps whichwere first published in preliminary form (2,3,4).Revisions made to those maps resulted in the finalmaps which accompany this report. Digitizationof the final maps was then undertaken to providehectarages for each soil type, and to create adigital data base from which future interpretivemaps could be produced .Survey Intensity Level and MapReliabilityThe scale of the maps and the amount ofprecision or the intensity level with which thesoils would be described and mapped were bothdetermined before the resurvey began. A"SurveyIntensity Level" was therefore assigned to theproject. The survey intensity level relates to thenumber of field checks per unit area mapped, thenumber of delineations on the map having at leastone inspection, the methodology used to establishsoil boundaries, and theminimum size area whichthe map can portray.Five survey intensity levels have been definedin the publication " A soil mapping system forCanada : Revised" (14). Survey Intensity Level 1 isthe highest intensity, having the most detailedprocedures and the greatest level of precision.Large scale surveys such as those at a scale of1:10,000 would have this intensity level . SurveyIntensity Level 5 has the lowest intensity, the leastdetailed procedures, and the lowest level ofprecision. An example would be small scalesurveys such as those at a scale of 1:250,000, whichpresent generalized information.The Elgin County resurvey was carried out atSurvey Intensity Level 3, which is an intermediatelevel. The map publication scale of 1:50,000 isconsidered appropriate for that intensity level, andat least one site inspection was carried out in mostdelineations shown on the maps (14) . In areaswhere the soil landscape was highly variable andtherefore less predictable, more site inspectionswere carried out .Since the minimum size of delineation whichcan be shown on the soil maps is 0.5 cm2, orapproximately 12 ha (30 acres) on the ground (14),the maps provide information at a level of detailwhich is most suited for making general landassessments and management decisions . Theirmost appropriate use, therefore, is for planning atthe county, township or watershed level, or forbroad targeting of soil related agriculturalprograms. For land assessments or decisionsrelated to small areas, additional on-siteexaminations of soil characteristics arerecommended. The soil identification keysprovided in Appendix 2 can be used to identifythe soils at site examinations .
- Page 1 and 2: The Soils ofElgin CountyVolume 1Min
- Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe completion of t
- Page 5 and 6: Southwold Soils (SO) . . . . . . .
- Page 7 and 8: LIST OF FIGURES1 . Soil map index f
- Page 9 and 10: 5. More detailed information for a
- Page 11 and 12: Table 1 .Climate data for Elgin Cou
- Page 13 and 14: Figure 4.Generalized geologic map o
- Page 15 and 16: Table 2.Correlation of major soils
- Page 17: Figure 6.Schematic landscape cross-
- Page 21 and 22: of soil profiles and horizons which
- Page 23 and 24: GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SOILSSo
- Page 25 and 26: Table 3.Soils and land units mapped
- Page 27 and 28: Figure 11 .Soil textural groups and
- Page 29 and 30: phase (BN.T) soils were mapped in c
- Page 31 and 32: underlying fine textured materials
- Page 33 and 34: atings for selected special crops a
- Page 35 and 36: Conservation tillage practices, par
- Page 37 and 38: clay. The Ap horizons commonly have
- Page 39 and 40: Gobles soils were frequently mapped
- Page 41 and 42: Kelvin soils are susceptible to com
- Page 43 and 44: Soil Moisture CharacteristicsMiddle
- Page 46 and 47: soils which occur in the eastern po
- Page 48 and 49: Bluish gray or gray gley colours ar
- Page 50 and 51: Stanley till, Tavistock till phase
- Page 52 and 53: to neutral in the Ap horizons, to m
- Page 54 and 55: tillage practices, particularly no-
- Page 56 and 57: Organic (OR)Organic land units usua
- Page 58 and 59: eference and also Publication No .
- Page 60 and 61: Procedure :1) Locate the symbols 'B
- Page 62 and 63: Table 4.Agricultural alnd capabilit
- Page 64 and 65: Soil Suitability ClassesDescription
- Page 66 and 67: Procedure:1) Locate the symbols 'BV
Figure 8.Schematic l<strong>and</strong>scape cross-section showing the relationship <strong>of</strong> some soils that <strong>of</strong>ten occur onmaterials <strong>of</strong> lacustrine origin .Clayey texturedPort Stanley TinS<strong>and</strong>y textured solianor lacustrine depositsClayey texturedlacustrine depositsMON Heavy day texturedlacustrine depositsS<strong>and</strong>ytexturediiuvial depositsFigure 9.Schematic l<strong>and</strong>scape cross-section showing the relationship <strong>of</strong> some soils that <strong>of</strong>tenoccur in transition areas between glacial till <strong>and</strong> ices-contact drift materials, <strong>and</strong> lacustrinematerialsToledo soilsErodedChannelitw"p-"."»WSClayey texturedlacustrine depositsLoamytexturedlacustrine depositsClayey texturedPort Stanley TillGravelly s<strong>and</strong> textured fluvialor lacustrine deposits
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