Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project

Table of Contents3 Description of the Environment.............................................................3-13.1 Physical Resources ............................................................................................................ 3-13.1.1 Topography.............................................................................................................. 3-13.1.2 Soils ......................................................................................................................... 3-33.1.3 Landuse ................................................................................................................... 3-73.1.4 Climate................................................................................................................... 3-113.1.5 Geology and Geomorphology................................................................................. 3-143.1.6 Surface Water Resources ...................................................................................... 3-173.1.7 Groundwater Resources ........................................................................................ 3-213.1.8 Bathymetry............................................................................................................. 3-213.2 Ecological Resources ....................................................................................................... 3-233.2.1 State of Biodiversity ............................................................................................... 3-233.2.2 Forests and Protected Areas.................................................................................. 3-253.2.3 Ecological Baseline Survey .................................................................................... 3-253.2.4 Fisheries ................................................................................................................ 3-423.2.5 Insects and Butterflies............................................................................................ 3-493.2.6 Benthos.................................................................................................................. 3-503.3 Environmental Quality....................................................................................................... 3-503.3.1 Air Quality .............................................................................................................. 3-513.3.2 Noise Quality.......................................................................................................... 3-533.3.3 Surface Water Quality ............................................................................................ 3-551.3.1 Groundwater Quality .............................................................................................. 3-563.3.4 Riverbed Sediment Quality..................................................................................... 3-573.4 Social and Cultural Profile ................................................................................................ 3-583.4.1 Population and Community Characteristics............................................................ 3-593.4.2 Socio-economic Conditions.................................................................................... 3-593.4.3 Land Acquisition..................................................................................................... 3-603.4.4 Physical and Cultural Resources............................................................................ 3-613.5 Economic Activities........................................................................................................... 3-623.5.1 Agriculture.............................................................................................................. 3-623.5.2 Fisheries ................................................................................................................ 3-633.5.3 Ferry Operations and Ferry Ghats.......................................................................... 3-633.5.4 Health and Safety................................................................................................... 3-643.5.5 Tourism .................................................................................................................. 3-643.5.6 Access to Health Services...................................................................................... 3-653.5.7 Access to Education............................................................................................... 3-653.5.8 Water Supply and Sanitation.................................................................................. 3-673.5.9 Roads and Communication .................................................................................... 3-673.5.10 Access to Energy ................................................................................................... 3-69List of TablesTable 3-1: Soil Characteristics of the Project Area.............................................................................3-4Table 3-2: Texture of soil samples obtained from test pits ................................................................. 3-63-i