Coastal Processes and Landforms

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The force of the waves hitting a cliff compresses water and air into cracks and joints.This can be equivalent to 30,000 kg/m 2 . This increase in pressure may lead to crackswidening and pieces of rocks breaking off.
Rock fragments may be picked up bywaves and thrown against the rockface by subsequent waves.The effectiveness of the corrasiondepends on the strength of thewave, the nature of its “load” andthe resistance of the rock in the cliffface.Corrasion is most effective at thebase of cliffs.
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Coastal Processes and Landforms
Page 3 and 4:
Movements generated by tides, curre
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• Tidal range - difference betwee
Page 8 and 9:
3) Waves and wave dynamics
Page 11 and 12:
Swash Zone: The area of the nearsho
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AnimationLongshore currentpicks up
Page 16 and 17:
Groynes: A breakwaterrunning seawar
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Storm surge: A rise above normal wa
Page 22 and 23: B. Types of Coasts1. fast-changing
Page 25: Thermo-erosion: Erosion caused by m
Page 28 and 29: Fast Ice: And extensive, unbroken s
Page 30 and 31: Consequences of ice shore interacti
Page 32 and 33: C. Coastal Weathering Processes
Page 34: • Abrasion: weathering byrock fra
Page 37 and 38: • Coastal Landslide: Alternate we
Page 39 and 40: • Chemical weathering:Salt weathe
Page 46 and 47: Sea level rise in the lower mainlan
Page 48 and 49: 1. Depositional Features2. Rock Coa
Page 50 and 51: 1. Depositional Featuresb) Beach be
Page 52 and 53: 1. Depositional Featuresc) Beach cu
Page 54 and 55: 1. Depositional Featuresd) (Sand) b
Page 56 and 57: 1. Depositional Featuresd) (Sand) b
Page 58 and 59: 1. Depositional Featurese) Sand spi
Page 60 and 61: 1. Depositional Featurese) Barrier
Page 62 and 63: 1. Depositional Featurese) Spits an
Page 64 and 65: 1. Depositional Featurese) Tombolo,
Page 66 and 67: 1. Depositional Featuresf) Estuarie
Page 68 and 69: 2. Rock Coast Features
Page 70 and 71: 2. Rock Coast Features
Page 74 and 75: Rock fragments which have becomedet
Page 76: Formation of a Sea arch and stack
Page 79 and 80: • Eventually the cliff becomesuns
Page 81 and 82: Erosive waves may blast theirway ve
Page 83 and 84: 3. Coral Coastal FeaturesCoral land
Page 86 and 87: 3. Coral Coastal Features• Atoll
Page 88 and 89: 2. Rock Coast Features• Coral ato
Page 90 and 91: 2. Rock Coast Features• Coral ato
Page 92 and 93: Tuvalu, only 4 m above sea level an
Page 94 and 95: 3. Coral Coastal Features• Barrie
Page 96: Shallow lagoons formed close to the
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Coastal Processes and Landforms

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