Beijing-parking-ITDP-China
Beijing-parking-ITDP-China
Beijing-parking-ITDP-China
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Contents1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42. Current Parking Policies & Systems . . . . 62.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.2 Parking policy evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.3 Parking prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.4 Parking standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.5 Stakeholders and tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.6 Existing ‘<strong>parking</strong> system’ . . . . . . . . . . . 123. <strong>Beijing</strong> Case Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.1 Case study site selection . . . . . . . . . . . 163.2 Survey methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.3 Case study results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173.4 Survey results summary . . . . . . . . . . . 894. Parking Problem Analysis . . . . . . . . . 904.1 Parking strategies and policies . . . . . . . 914.2 On-street <strong>parking</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 934.3 Parking enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 934.4 Off-street <strong>parking</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 984.5 Institutional challenges . . . . . . . . . . . 1015. Parking Best Practices . . . . . . . . . . . 1025.1 London, UK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1035.2 San Francisco, USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1055.3 Budapest, Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1105.4 Shenzhen, <strong>China</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1145.5 Zhuhai, <strong>China</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1156. On-Street Parking Recommendations 1186.1 Parking zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1206.2 Parking price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1206.3 Parking bans and time limits . . . . . . . . 1226.4 Parking technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1246.5 Parking enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . 1336.6 Parking design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1376.7 Business model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1396.8 Costing & finance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1417. Off-Street Parking Recommendations 1457.1 Abolish <strong>parking</strong> minimumsfor new developments . . . . . . . . . . . 1467.2 Implement <strong>parking</strong> maximums . . . . . . 1467.3 Implement a <strong>parking</strong> cap . . . . . . . . . . 1477.4 Private, residential <strong>parking</strong> . . . . . . . . . 1497.5 Private, commercial <strong>parking</strong> . . . . . . . . 1507.6 Public off-street <strong>parking</strong> . . . . . . . . . . 1517.7 P+R facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1527.8 Parking sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1537.9 Banning setback <strong>parking</strong> . . . . . . . . . . 1568. General Parking Recommendations . . 1578.1 Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1588.2 Residential permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1588.3 Institutional changes . . . . . . . . . . . . 1598.4 Ring-fencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1598.5 Levies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1599. Proposed Implementation Schedule . .160
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