Beijing-parking-ITDP-China

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Parking sharing practices in selected cities.more active uses and compact design for thedevelopment.Shared parking works like a ‘food court’ whererestaurants share tables for guests. Individual newdevelopments in Beijing all build parking for theirown site, but they would be better off developingshared parking for several sites within closeproximity of each other. Parking demand at eachsite varies throughout the day: residential areashave higher parking demand at night than duringoffice hours, whereas offices have higher demandduring office hours than at night.By pooling the development of parking spacesand making these open for public access, manyparking spaces, land and costs can be saved.Parking sharing helps balancing parking supplyand demand and reduces the need for new offstreetparking spaces.Weekday peaks Evening peaks Weekend peaksOffices Shopping malls Shopping mallsBanks Restaurants Parks & touristsightsSchools Cinemas CinemasDifferent land uses have different peak parkingdemand hoursShared parking can be advantageous for developers,businesses and governments. It can alleviatetraffic congestion, allow for increased densitynear transit and promote compact development.The main benefits of pursuing a shared parkingstrategy include:●●Efficient and optimized use of existing parkinginfrastructure●●Burden on developers to build more parkingrelieved●●Support for transit-oriented development.Shared parking can reduce parking requirementsby 20-40%, creating positive economic,social and environmental benefits. For Beijing toreap the full benefits of such a program, parkingneeds to be publicly accessible with no private,reserved spaces. Parking sharing can be achievedfor both existing off-street parking, as well as forto be supplied parking in new developments.7.8.1 Parking sharing for existingparkingFor existing parking supply, districts shouldconduct studies studying existing parking supplyand demand at varying times of the day. Withresidential parking being a big problem, identifyingnearby offices with large vacancies at night,would eliminate the need for expensive, newoff-street parking buildings. The governmentcan also act as an intermediary in helping theprivate sector identify how the spaces can beshared. For instance, Stockholm Parkering inStockholm, Sweden is a parking authority thathelps developers find available parking spaces inBeijing Parking, ITDP-China 1541 March 2015
the surrounding district. The parking lot ownercan significantly increase its parking revenue bycharging drivers for parking spaces that wouldotherwise be unused. Parking fees, and penalties,are needed though to encourage users to notoverstay parking hours and ensure vacancy duringoffice hours. Also an agreement can be signedbetween the parking lot owner and user, as isapplied in some cases in Beijing and Shanghai.7.8.2 Parking sharing for newparking supplyFor new developments the Planning Commissionshould forbid operators to sell or rent individualparking spaces to single users and parking sharingshould be made a requirement for operators ofoff-street parking. Monthly and yearly rental canstill be sold to users, but a fixed parking spaceshould be banned to ensure maximum occupancyof all parking spaces and ensure efficient use ofland. Other stimuli could be higher allowablefloor area ratios (FARs) for a higher percentage ofshared parking.building used to host the former city governmentheadquarters and now hosts multiple state-ownedenterprises and government-affiliated organizations.It has over 300 on-ground parking spaceswhich are mostly used during office hours bydrivers who have a sticker on the car’s windshield,indicating payment of a monthly parking fee.After office hours at 6.30pm the parking lot opensup for visitors; especially residents in nearby areasuse the parking lot at night. During our timeof visit in late October 2014 at 9.00pm, manyresidents had parked inside the premises but evenmore spaces were vacant.When visitors come parking at night, theparking guards ask visitors when entering whenthey will leave. They are asked to leave before 7amif they park inside. If drivers wish to park longer,guards only allow them to park on the setbackoutside the gate. The parking price is 150RMB/month for visitors who join the parking sharingscheme.7.8.3 Chinese parking sharingexamplesOver 14 Chinese cities have a policy to encourageand guide parking sharing or have implementedparking sharing, including Beijing, Shanghai,Guangzhou, Xiamen, Hangzhou, Hefei, Xi’an,Jinan, Zhengzhou, Nanjing and Quanzhou.In 2011 the Beijing government announced thea notification of parking sharing to encourageand guide institutions in opening their parkinglots to the public after working hours. By 2011, 61parking lots were sharing 8,946 spaces in 6 centraldistricts. Most of these shared parking lots areopen to residents in the surroundings between6pm and 8am. In late 2013 the Beijing governmentapproved another policy on parking sharingwhere more details of the mechanism wereexplained and where charging parking fees wereallowed as long as these follow the Parking Pricepolicy and after registration with the Industrial &Commercial Bureau.An example of parking sharing in Beijing isthe Shifu Dalou on the corner of HuaibaishuJie and Changchun Jie in Xicheng district. ThisShifu Dalou building: parking for employees during theday (above) and for residents at night (below)Beijing Parking, ITDP-China 1551 March 2015
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Parking Guidebookfor Beijing1 March
Page 4 and 5:
1. Introduction
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2. Current Parking Policies & Syste
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Modal split figures for Beijing sho
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Beijing’s 11th Five Year TrafficD
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Private claims to parking spacesIll
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parking, thereby ignoring the offic
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This section describes the case stu
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Guang’anmen -Xinhe areaGuang’an
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Street name Code PageinreportOn-str
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The average parking duration in the
Page 24 and 25:
Hongju Jie (northwest) - HJNWIndica
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Hong Ju Dongjie (north) - HDNIndica
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Hongju Jie (middle east) - HJMEIndi
Page 30 and 31:
Shoupakou Nan Jie (northwest) - SPN
Page 32 and 33:
Shoupakou Nan Jie (middle east) - S
Page 34 and 35:
Hongju Bei Jie (southeast) - HBSEIn
Page 36 and 37:
Shoupakou Nan Jie (south) - SPSIndi
Page 38 and 39:
Shoupakou Xi Yi Xiang - SPXYIndicat
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Hongju Jie (southwest) - HJSWIndica
Page 42 and 43:
Hongju Bei Jie (southwest) - HBSWIn
Page 44 and 45:
Langqin Guoji development(off-stree
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Langqin area parking analysisThe La
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Yuanwuqu area parking locationYuanw
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Above: supply of formal on-street a
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Above: illegal parking during the p
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Chunshuguan Jie (north) - CSGNIndic
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Guangwai Nan Jie (northeast) - GJNE
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Unnamed street (south) - NBLSunname
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Guangwai Nan Jie (middle west) - GJ
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Guang’anmen Nan Binhe Lu (middle)
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Yaziqiao Bei Jie (south) - YZQSIndi
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Yaziqiao Bei Jie (north) - YZQNIndi
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Guangwai Nan Jie - GJSMIndicatorval
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The proposed on-street parking syst
Page 72 and 73:
Chama Bei Jie (north side)Indicator
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Chama Jie (south side)Indicator val
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Xinhe Jiayuan (off-street parking a
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3.3.2 Guomao areaGuomao is the cent
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Parking price:Parking duration:Time
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Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Survey resultsSurveys were performe
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Parked cars block Liufang metro sta
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4. Parking Problem Analysis
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2. More parking supply leads to mor
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Comparison of Beijing’s vs. best
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Paid on-street parking is not used,
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Jinsong setback case studyA survey
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Parking supply in recently opened o
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5. Parking Best Practices
Page 104 and 105: secure bike parking. More bike rack
Page 106 and 107: To achieve this, SFpark uses new te
Page 108 and 109: $1.25 $1.58 $1.08$0.75F I L L M O R
Page 110 and 111: percent — own a car. High density
Page 112 and 113: spaces needed to be minimized, desp
Page 114 and 115: 5.4 Shenzhen, ChinaIn early 2014 Sh
Page 116 and 117: Parking fees are charged on street
Page 118 and 119: 6. On-Street Parking Recommendation
Page 120 and 121: 6.1 Parking zonesThe lack of cohere
Page 122 and 123: long-term parking. On-street parkin
Page 124 and 125: on ring roads), on streets with hig
Page 126 and 127: problems is done within an acceptab
Page 128 and 129: Mexico City parking meterThe app of
Page 130 and 131: Sensors and Electronic Parking Guid
Page 132 and 133: Real-time data on the status of sma
Page 134 and 135: later than 20 days from receiving t
Page 136 and 137: Beijing Parking, ITDP-China 1361 Ma
Page 138 and 139: Existing driveway at thesoutheaster
Page 140 and 141: operator implements and operates th
Page 142 and 143: Indirect investment costs for 12,00
Page 144 and 145: Profitability calculation (per year
Page 146 and 147: 7.1 Abolish parkingminimums for new
Page 148 and 149: Various parking cap approaches by N
Page 150 and 151: Selected residential parking standa
Page 152 and 153: and air pollution impacts and preve
Page 156 and 157: 7.9 Banning setback parkingBeijing
Page 158 and 159: 8.1 CommunicationsParking is becomi
Page 160 and 161: 9. Proposed Implementation Schedule
Page 162: Implementation schedule of Beijing
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