Beijing-parking-ITDP-China

Selected residential parking standardsCityMin. residential parking standard Note(parking spaces)Budapest 1.0/unit but 0.5 within 500m of PTHong Kong 0.057-1.275/unit high variety, depending on PT availability andapartment sizeStrasbourg 0.5/unit within 500m from PTStockholm 0.14/room assumed: 3 roomsShanghai 0.3-0.8/unit 0.3 if 100m2Tokyo 0.28/100m2Hamburg 0.2/unitBarcelona 0.17/unit 1.0 per 2-6 units, depending on areaLondon 0 maximums: 1.0/unit (2 bed rooms)Paris 0 maximum: 1.0/unitSan Francisco 0 maximum: 0.25/unitNew York(Manhattan, below60th st.)0 maximum: 0.20/unitMany cities worldwide have implemented a parkingmaximum for residential parking in their standards fornew residential developments, where others have lowminimums and discounts for proximity to public transport.Source: ITDP China (2014), http://globalparking.netappropriately. Especially when developmentsare in close proximity, say 500 meters, of metrostations, parking maximums should apply topromote the use of metro. Parking maximums areneeded to control the number of parking spaces toensure the operability of the area.For older residential areas, such as hutongs,where no off-street parking was built, a restrictiveapproach to parking supply is needed. The surveysat Cheniandian hutong show that few residentsuse the parking lot, despite a very low parkingprice. Enforcement of illegal parking within thehutongs would increase occupancy in the parkinglot. But providing parking solutions for residentsliving in hutongs is not recommended. Moreoff-street parking requires land and is expensive.Constructing mechanical parking costs 50,000-100,000 RMB per parking space and operationalcosts are 2,400RMB per year. Moreover, providingmore supply is only a short-term solution. Withinseveral years new off-street parking may beneeded again.Instead, no off-street parking should be built inthese areas and existing parking vacancy in thesurroundings better used with parking sharing.A proof-of-parking policy, successfully usedin Japanese cities, can be considered for olderareas as well. Before a new license plate is issued,residents who buy a car then first need to provehaving a parking space, by showing proof of ownershipof a parking space or a long-term rentalcontract of a parking space. This puts the problemof finding parking with the car owner rather thanthe government. Implementing a very limitednumber of residential permits for yearly parkingcould be considered, but this can only serve asmall number of residents and only in areas whereparking vacancies during day and night exist. Itshould be priced such that it reflects the value ofthe land, rather than being a favor to drivers.It also advised against to install electrical retractablebollards on public streets that only allowresidents to enter. Especially during day time,when residents are at work, this parking supplywould sit empty.7.5 Private, commercialparkingAbundant supply of parking at offices and shoppingcenters induces more car trips. When anemployee has plenty of parking spaces availableBeijing Parking, ITDP-China 1501 March 2015