Beijing-parking-ITDP-China

spaces needed to be minimized, despite theminimum parking standards in place at that time.Initiated by non-governmental organizations(NGOs), dialogues were held between the citygovernment, NGOs and real estate developersabout how to minimize off-street parking spaces.Real estate developers also favored this approachas it reduced their building construction costs andleaves more space for sellable and rentable units.Moreover, investment in better public transportwas seen by real estate developers to raise thevalue of their developments.First, the government decided that a buildingpermit is only granted when public transportto the new development is incorporated. Inthe building permit procedure, the BudapestTransport Center is a now an authority, similarto the fire department or the utility departments,who have power to deny developments (over aThe city city of of Budapest. The The yellow yellow and and red zones red zones have paid have on-street certain parking, size) where to the be grey built areas without have public transportfree paid on-street parking. parking, where the grey areas have free provision.on-street parking.Second, a regulation was put in place whereSource: Gyarmati 2011.Off-street measuresa real estate developer could receive a 100%To limit car ownership and traffic congestion, the city discount government on realized the compulsory that off-street off-street parkingparking Higher spaces fees needed are imposed to be minimized, in areas with despite either the minimum supply, parking if the standards planned in development place at is within 500thathighertime.parkingInitiateddemandby non-governmentalor limited parkingorganizationssupply,(NGOs), meters dialogues from a public were held transport between station.such as the historical city center. Zones in thethe city government, NGOs and real estate developers about how Third, to minimize if real estate off-street developers wish to developouter parts of the city, where traffic congestion is in areas for which the zoning regulations needparking spaces. Real estate developers also favored this approach as it reduced their buildingno issue and sufficient parking supply available, to be changed, the government decided that theconstructionparking feescostsare lower.and leaves more space for sellable and rentable units. Moreover, investmentreal estate need to co-finance the required publicin better Budapest public also transport used technology was seen by to real make estate parking developers to raise the value of theirtransport provision to this new development. Indevelopments.management and enforcement more effective return, real estate developers receive discounts onand First, efficient. the government The city uses decided multi-space that a building electronic permit is the only number granted of when required public off-street parking spaces.transport meters, which to the new allow development a variety of is payment incorporated. methods,to collect Transport parking Center fees is a in now most an paid authority, parking similar to ments the fire are department now eliminated or the utility in Budapest. DistrictIn the building Finally, permit minimum procedure, off-street the parking require-Budapestdepartments, areas. Cell phone who have payment power systems to deny developments can be used (over governments, a certain size) to authorizing be built without building permits,public in most transport areas as provision. well. Enforcement officers carry are allowed to give discounts of up to 100 % onGPS-enabled Second, a regulation devices that was share put in data place with where the a real estate off-street developer parking could receive supply, a on 100% a case-by-case basis,discountparkingonoperatorthe compulsoryand cityoff-streetgovernment.parking supply, if the supported planned development by a study on is within alternative parkingThe city government felt that private companieswhich implemented, operate and enforce500 meters from a public transport station.provision.Third, if real estate developers wish to develop in areas for which the zoning regulationsthe on-street parking system, were critical to Resultsneedthe successto be changed,Budapestthe governmenthas had withdecidedits on-streetthat the real estate need to co-finance theA reduction of 15 % in vehicle kilometers traveledrequired parking public system. transport The contracts provision with to this some new private development. In return, real estate developers(VKT) was achieved. The parking occupancy inreceive companies discounts will on expire the number in several of required years after off-street which parking spaces.the inner-city zones dropped to around 70-80%,the Finally, system minimum is again in off-street full ownership parking of requirements the city arebecausenow eliminatedof higherin Budapest.parking fees. New developmentsDistrict government. governments, authorizing building permits, are allowed provide to give less discounts parking and of up real to estate developers100 % on off-street parking supply, on a case-by-case basis, focus supported on good by a public study on transportation alternative and nonmotorizedtransport access to their developments.parking Off-street provision. measuresTo limit car ownership and traffic congestion, the Congestion and pollution dropped drastically.city government realized that off-street parkingBeijing Parking, ITDP-China 1121 March 2015