11. Interfacial Mechanism and Kinetics of Phase-Transfer Catalysis

The initial conditions areAt t ¼ 0;C aqMY ¼ C MY;0C aqQX ¼ C QX;0;C aqQY ¼ 0ð187ÞThe average concentration and the conservation of PT catalyst Q at any reaction time areC orgRX ¼ 3 r 3 dð rd0V aq C QX;0 ¼ V catr 2 C orgRX drQY þ C QXcat þ Vaq C aqQY þ Caq QXC catð188Þð189ÞEquations (175)–(189) constitute the system of PT-catalyzed reactions with the third liquidphase, and can be further tendered in dimensionless form and solved by finite differenceand Runge–Kutta methods.Recently, Krueger et al. [235] developed a theoretical model, based on the dispersedorganic phase, for modeling the mass transfer and interfacial reactions of the brominationof benzyl chloride in three-liquid PTC. The reaction occurring at the interface between theinner organic droplet and outer shell (or layer) of the third phase isr ¼ R: BzCl þ QBr k 1BzBr þ QCl ð190Þ!They assumed that the ion-exchange reaction occurs at the interface between the aqueousand the third liquid phase according tor ¼ R þ : Br þ Q þ Ð QBr ð191ÞQCl Ð Q þ þ ClThe governing equations in the dimensionless form for the system are@C BC¼ 1 @@ 2 2 @C BC@ @ð0