Endings are beginnings - Alpha Omega Alpha

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EditorialEndings are beginningsEric Pfeiffer, MD, Interim EditorThe smiling face of Ted Harris graced the coverof the Summer 2010 issue of The Pharos. Theeditorial page featured a moving memorial for Ted,penned by David Dale, former president of AlphaOmega Alpha. The issue also contained, fortuitouslyor not, my poem “Endings Are Beginnings,” written onthe occasion of my retirement from medical practice,fifty years after seeing my first patient as a sophomoremedical student. The title of the poem, or at least theconcept, also forms the theme of this editorial for theAutumn 2010 issue of The Pharos. This issue marks thetransition from Ted’s stellar leadership at the helm ofthe magazine to that of a yet-to-be-chosen editor, andprompts the following thoughts:Endings indeed are beginnings. Future issues willfeature essays, stories, tributes to Ted, and poems,solicited by the interim editor from the distinguishedmembers of the editorial board of The Pharos. Theyare thus a further reflection of Ted’s influence on thestature of the magazine, and may help to point the wayfor the future direction of The Pharos.In trying to discern the major themes championedby Ted Harris, I have seen the following:1. A sharp focus on the future of health care policyand health care reform in this country.2. A strong commitment to the human aspects ofmedical practice, illuminating the humanity of both thepatient and the practicing physician.3. Steady emphasis on the role of the arts and thehumanities in the field of medicine, executed throughthe publication of poems, paintings, illustrations, currentliterature, and the cinema.4. Ample use of illustrations to enhance the wordscarried in this magazine.In short, Ted made The Pharos both relevant andfun. Accordingly, I see the following as challenges forthe next editor of The Pharos:1. To participate in the daunting task of helping toshape the debate about the future of health care; thereis little doubt that our current “system” of health care isin need of reform. This goes far beyond the passage ofa piece of legislation mandating certain desirable goalsfor health care to actually making health care changecome alive. It will be in operationalizing reform inhealth care delivery that the real pay-off will come, notonly for the benefit of patients receiving care but alsofor the benefit of the men and women delivering suchcare. I think that The Pharos could play an importantcatalytic role in this process.2. To never waver from emphasizing the human aspectsof health care delivery.3. To continue and even to expand the role of thearts and the art of medicine in medical practice.To accomplish these goals, I envision an opportunityto expand the audience reached by The Pharosfrom its current engaged but circumscribed readershipto a broader and more diverse audience. For I believethat the potential for good residing in AΩA and itsjournal, and the creative fertility of its readers, areforces that can energize and even potentially redirectthe health care debate at this momentous time. Theneed has never been greater. In making these statements,I am inviting spirited discussion of these ideasthrough letters to the editor and discussion among themembers of both the Alpha Omega Alpha board andThe Pharos editorial board.Finally, I want to express my appreciation to theboard of directors of Alpha Omega Alpha for givingme the opportunity to serve as Interim Editor whilethe search for a permanent new Executive Director ofAΩA and Editor of The Pharos proceeds.The Pharos/Autumn 2010 1

In ThisARTICLESTinsley Randolph Harrison, MDDEPARTMENTSA legacy of medical education1 EditorialK. Tinsley AndersonEndings are beginningsEric Pfeiffer, MD4Health policy32 Cost of a life: Resourceallocation in the current healthcare environmentBenson Shih-Han Hsu, MDStroke in black and whiteSrijita MukherjeeThe physician at the34 movies12Peter E. Dans, MDExtraordinary MeasuresThe Hurt LockerReviews and reflections39 Dying for BeginnersReviewed by Jack Coulehan,MDOn Being Certain: Believing YouAre Right Even When You’reHerbert Y. Reynolds, MDNotReviewed by John L. Wright, MDCommentaryTechnological Medicine: TheChanging World of DoctorsCharles M. Plotz, MD, Med ScDand PatientsHerbert L. Abrams, MDReviewed by Frederic W. Platt,MD1443 LetterPage 4Page 14Commemorating the48 fiftieth anniversaryof a medicallandmark58 IndexA medical ear in the early morningtennis group—when to advise andwhat to sayPage 12

Issue On the coverSee page 4Attuning to equlibriumPhysician as artist, artist as physicianEliza C. Miller18One simple question canchange the worldGeorge L. Spaeth, MD274450BACKCOVER 50AΩA NEWSProgram announcements2010 Edward D. HarrisProfessionalism Award2009/2010 Visiting Professorships2009/2010 Medical Student ServiceProject Awards2009/2010 Administrative RecognitionAwards2009/2010 Volunteer Clinical FacultyAwardsAlpha Omega Alphamembers elected in2009/2010Richard L. Byyny, MD,appointed Executive Directorof Alpha Omega AlphaPOETRYPage 271117Quiet Snow among the DarkGeoffrey B. Crawford, MDPost Chemo TreatHenry Langhorne, MD25 WindSharon Maas26 EchocardiogramPaul Rousseau, MD29 HearingMichael R. Milano, MD30Poems by Linda CantrellLinda CantrellRichard Patterson, MDPage 1833 AdwoaJulia Geynisman60Amanda’s GardenFredric L. Coe, MDINSIDEBACK33 PoppiesCOVER Sara Parke

Dr. Tinsley Randlolph Harrison.Photo courtesy of Dorothy Carpenter MedicalArchives of Wake Forest University.4 The Pharos/Autumn 2010

TinsleyRandolphHarrison, MDA legacy of medical educationK. Tinsley AndersonThe author is a member of the Class of 2011 at WakeForest University School of Medicine.Tinsley Randolph Harrison is a grand figure in the historyof medicine who touched many lives through histeaching, philosophy of education, and personal care.He is important not only for such seminal works as Principlesof Internal Medicine, but because he reached into the futureof medicine by establishing a model of internal medicinedepartments and medical education that remains largely intacttoday. Tinsley Harrison was destined to be a doctor. Hisheritage in the medical arts prepared him to refine his skillsat several renowned institutions. After establishing himselfas a dynamic teacher, thought-provoking researcher, and remarkablephysician in sixteen years at Vanderbilt University,Harrison made the historic move to Winston-Salem to establishthe Department of Internal Medicine at the newlyrelocated and revamped four-year Bowman Gray School ofMedicine (BGSOM, now the Wake Forest University Schoolof Medicine). Harrison’s philosophy touched all aspects ofmedicine at BGSOM—medical student education, intern andresident schedules and instruction, the in- and outpatient departments,research, and more. His model of medical instructionand student integration into the workings of a hospitalshaped the future of every student’s experience and learningat BGSOM and ultimately set a model for medical schoolseverywhere.Harrison was in born in Talledega, Alabama, on March17, 1900, to a sixth-generation physician, William GroceHarrison. Groce Harrison was more educated than most of hisnineteenth-century medical contemporaries, having graduatedfrom Auburn University and studied at the University ofNashville, with more academic instruction further afield inlater years. But his early medical education consisted mostlyof lectures from local practitioners and a few examinations.Medical education in the United States in the later part of thenineteenth century lacked anatomical dissections and muchof the scientific instruction like laboratory work that wouldcome to characterize twentieth-century medicine. GroceHarrison recognized his educational deficiencies, and whenmoney and time afforded, he pursued greater knowledge inhis field. In 1892, he enrolled in Baltimore Medical College,his second medical school, and there learned of a new institutionin the European model being set up nearby at JohnsHopkins Hospital. At Hopkins, Groce Harrison met and befriendedWilliam Osler, the man who would come to influenceAmerican medicine and the lives and careers of Groce and hisdescendants. 1p26Groce Harrison and William Osler kept in touch throughoutthe years and Groce often wrote or met with Osler to askcareer advice. In one such encounter, Groce asked for counselabout taking a chief of Medicine position in Mobile, Alabama,and giving up general practice. After discussing the youngHarrison family’s finances, Osler instructed Groce to “get intoa small subspecialty that does not involve exposure to all kindsof weather. Go abroad and get a year’s training, if that is all youThe Pharos/Autumn 2010 5

The expansion of the original medical school building in 1959 doubled the square footage of the school, adding 75,490 new square feetof space. Photo courtesy Dorothy Carpenter Medical Archives of Wake Forest University.arrange the structure of the new school. Dr. Herbert Wells,soon to become professor and chairman of the Departmentof Physiology at Bowman Gray, suggested Tinsley Harrison’sappointment to Dean Carpenter. Harrison seemed intriguedwhen Wells proffered the idea: “I am thoroughly open mindedon the subject and the possible prospect of being able to startfrom the ground up and build a department . . . second tonone.” 3Harrison’s credentials were as strong as his desire to createa first-rate school. Vanderbilt’s Dean W. S. Leathers had nohesitation, except his unwillingness to lose Harrison, in recommendinghim to Dean Carpenter. In a letter to Carpenter,Leathers noted: “He is a conscientious and untiring workerand at the same time possesses a degree of brilliancy thatis unusual.” 4 But Harrison was not just an ideal physician.Leathers also commented, “The students tell me that he hasremarkable ability as an instructor and presents his subjectenthusiastically and effectively. In other words, he possessesmarked inspirational qualities as a teacher.” 4After being tentatively offered the position of the chair ofMedicine, Harrison and his wife visited Winston-Salem. Alongwith his desire to create a department to his own liking, thecharming people the Harrisons met apparently sealed the deal.Harrison said of Dr. Wingate Johnson, one of a few physicianswho had already committed to be on staff, “The impression hemade on me had a great deal to do with my decision to acceptthe position.” 5p2 He also seemed to be swayed by the charismaof the Gray family as well as their support of the new school.Harrison later said of the Grays, “They indicated to me theywere behind the school and were going to stay behind it.” 5p3Dean Carpenter’s many appointments strengthened thefledgling school’s reputation: Dr. Camillo Antom, a worldrenownedchemist, Dr. Wingate Johnson, clinical professor ofMedicine and chief of the Private Diagnostic Clinic, and Dr.John Williams, a well-known researcher from Johns Hopkins,among others. Dr. Rusty Holman, chairman of the Departmentof Pathology at the University of North Carolina at the time,said of Harrison’s acceptance of the position, “Now for the firsttime, I know you are going to have a first class medical schoolbecause you’ve got Tinsley Harrison there.” 5p3Once he decided to take the job, Harrison worked unremittinglyto create his ideal department. He and Dean Carpentercorresponded frequently in the months running up to the July1, 1941, beginning of the school year. After one conversationon December 20, 1940, regarding plans for the school and thedepartment for the next few years, Dean Carpenter suggestedHarrison write him a letter summarizing the details. The nextday, Harrison wrote a twenty-five-page letter detailing theoutlines of the new department, from the minute to the grandiose.Harrison wrote,Aim of the Department of Internal MedicineTo become the best department of internal medicineanywhere. This should be looked on as not just a praiseworthyUtopian dream but as an attainable although difficultobjective. The velocity of progress toward this aim willThe Pharos/Autumn 2010 7

Tinsley Randolph Harrison, MDDr. Harrison in 1944. Photo courtesy Dorothy Carpenter Medical Archives of Wake Forest University.naturally vary according to conditions, but the direction ofprogress should not be altered under any circumstances. 6p2In this letter, he described salaries, educational philosophy,physical layout of the facilities, and much more. In subsequentcorrespondence, Carpenter and Harrison discussed such triviaas the style of furniture and the color of the walls. Being wilyand aware of the limited funds of the school, Harrison wasclever in his allocation of resources:From a psychological standpoint it is probably better tohave very inadequate space for the Outpatient Departmentrather than moderately inadequate space because in theformer instance the defect will be so apparent that there willbe more opportunity to obtain special grants to remedy it. 7Educational ethosAs Harrison and Carpenter discussed their plans for thenew Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Harrison suggesteda major change in the training of students and house staff.Traditionally, most of the teaching in medical schools wasconducted by local practitioners who contracted with theschools but worked in their own clinics outside of the institutionsfor which they taught. 8 Harrison believed that properinstruction of the trainees required considerable time fromseasoned physicians who were faculty and primarily academic.In Nashville, he had noted the antagonism between the medicalschool and private practitioners; he therefore preferredthat his faculty not practice outside of the school. With greattact, he refrained from objecting to members of his departmentpracticing privately, but made it known that he wouldnot. “The indigent patients will be my patients and I washappy with that decision and I never regretted it, because Ido not think I made a single enemy for the school during theyears I was there.” 5p5Harrison also believed in the value of bedside teaching.He said, “Teaching was all with patients, so patient care and8 The Pharos/Autumn 2010

teaching were the same thing.” 5p12 He did not particularlycare for lectures and worked to make the bulk of medicaleducation at BGSOM patient centered. As well as focusingon the patient, Harrison concentrated on the students andtried to inspire them: “The purpose of clinics and lectureswill be primarily to stimulate thinking rather than to teachfacts.” 6 One tradition of his was to have several students overto his house about once a month for dinner. After the meal,one student would present a paper and then the group woulddiscuss it. Harrison apparently enjoyed baiting each side sothat each member would be so convinced of his own positionthat they all pursued the subject to seek an answer or proof.Harrison took teaching seriously, saying, “There was a closeemotional bond between teacher and student, not just anintellectual bond and that’s the difference between educationand instruction.” 5p9Harrison followed in the footsteps of his father andWilliam Osler by becoming a huge proponent of lifelongeducation for both trainees and seasoned physicians. Heoften ran a Monday night Clinical Pathological Conference(CPC) in which a case was presented and first the students,then the house staff, then a faculty member reviewed thecase and suggested their assessment, diagnoses, and plans.Robert Morehead of Bowman Gray and a former student ofHarrison’s wrote, “Almost without exception, the CPC wasregarded as the most stimulating and informative educationalexercise conducted at the medical center.” 9 The conferencewas given on Monday nights to allow regional physicians,who sometimes came from a hundred miles away or more, toattend. The aisles were especially packed when Harrison wasrunning the CPC. The CPC at Wake Forest continues to thisday, but only once a month. Unfortunately for the audiencebut definitely benefiting the attending and pathologist whogive the final review, the patient and his outcome are knownto those final presenters, unlike in Harrison’s day, when thesenior staff was as blind as the students. When Harrison wasthe attending presenter, he was rarely wrong but noted thathe always learned something.Besides the CPCs, patient-centered teaching, clinical demonstrations,and only the necessary amount of lectures,Harrison also wanted his students to be able to educatethemselves:Our students do not finish school with enough facility inusing the library. I believe it would be a good plan if, fromthe very beginning, the students were given a list of articlesto read, . . . The object of this would be to try to teach thestudents that their learning must in the long-run come fromthe journals rather than from textbooks. 10As students progressed from didactics to practice, Harrisonpushed upperclassmen to take on more responsibility andlearn the skills they would need in their new lives as doctorsin practice. He implemented significant changes to the fourthyearcurriculum. In a letter to Dean Carpenter he wrote,My notion would be that the fourth-year students shouldhave perhaps two hours a day of lectures and clinics and therest of the time they should act as rotating internes, havingsomewhat less authority than our present internes have butmore authority than students ordinarily have.. . . . This as I see it, is the greatest defect in medical educationat present—that the boys simply wait around duringtheir fourth year for their interneships and don’t really workthe way they do the other years at medical school. 10To this day in virtually every medical school in the country,fourth-year students continue to act in this capacity as subinterns,learning the day-to-day skills of practicing clinicians.Harrison was a model for his students and colleagues. Hiswork ethic was impeccable and virtually unattainable by others.He tried to instill this into his students:You owe me only one thing; I don’t care whether you go intosurgery, obstetrics or internal medicine or what, but do itbetter than anybody else. That’s a feeling I still have, that myboys must do it better than anybody else and they may haveto decide what they do, but if they don’t do it better thananybody else, then I’ve fallen down as a teacher. 5p13His work ethic permeated his thoughts on medicine as aprofession.I don’t believe that a 40-hour week is compatible with beinga member of a profession. A 40-hour week is for a manwho has a dull job, repetitive, an assembly line sort of stuff,or heavy labor and that’s ample because this man derivesno satisfaction from his work, he has to get his satisfactionduring his leisure time. But for a person to consider himselfa professional, which means your client, or your patient, ora member of your congregation, or your pupil—you comefirst, I come second. That’s what a professional person is. 5p12Harrison’s reasons for going to BGSOM were the personalconnections and his desire to establish a department second tonone. His reasons for leaving after two short years were multifoldand might have been in part because of his unrelentingattitude towards work. There are suggestions that disagreementabout the attending faculty arrangements coupled withHarrison’s notoriously meticulous nature led him to move toSouthwestern Medical College in Dallas in 1943. 11 However,Harrison also noted that his feeling of responsibility to use hisexpertise to help establish another school and more personalfamily reasons pushed him to move on. 5p24 Whatever thetruth, Southwestern Medical College was the benefactor.BGSOM and Winston-Salem remained special places forThe Pharos/Autumn 2010 9

Tinsley Randolph Harrison, MDHarrison. He wrote to the members of the class of 1943, thelast class he taught at BG,I still look back on the period in Winston-Salem as oneof the peak periods of an academic life that has now lastednearly one-half century. The greatest thing about it was thesmallness of the classes which enabled me to know, personally,every one of you. 12He said Winston-Salem wasthe greatest community I’ve ever lived in. . . . The peoplethere, the friendliness, the open-armed attitude they hadtoward our faculty. I’ve never encountered this anywherelike it was in Winston-Salem. 5p25Beyond BGSOMHarrison achieved much in his long career. Besides hisaccomplishments at Vanderbilt, his remarkable influence aschair of Medicine at BGSOM, Southwestern Medical College,and the University of Alabama at Birmingham, he achievedmany other eminent positions—president of the AmericanSociety of Clinical Investigation, founder and first president ofthe Southern Society of Clinical Investigation, President of theAmerican Heart Association, founding member of the Councilof the National Heart Institute, and recipient of the KoberMedal, one of the greatest honors an internist can receive. 2Beyond these, his most well known contribution to medicineis Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, first published in1950 and now in its seventeenth edition. Arguably his greatestgift to medicine is the spirit and philosophy he gave to U.S.medical education. His forward thinking ideas still propelBGSOM’s current curriculum for students and house officers.His ethos of medicine still hums in the principles and objectivesof American medical education and in our personal andprofessional development. His words say it best, as he writesin the introduction to the first edition of his seminal work:No greater opportunity, responsibility, or obligation canfall to the lot of a human being than to become a physician.In the care of the suffering he needs technical skill, scientificknowledge, and human understanding. He who uses thesewith courage, with humility, and with wisdom will provide aunique service for his fellow man, and will build an enduringedifice of character within himself. The physician shouldask of his destiny no more than this, he should be contentwith no less. . . .Tact, sympathy, and understanding are expected of thephysician, for the patient is no mere collection of symptoms,signs, disordered functions, damaged organs, anddisturbed emotions. He is human, fearful, and hopeful, seekingrelief, help, and reassurance. To the physician, as to theanthropologist, nothing human is strange or repulsive. Themisanthrope may become a smart diagnostician of organicdisease, but he can scarcely hope to succeed as a physician.The true physician has a Shakespearean breadth of interestin the wise and the foolish, the proud and the humble, thestoic hero and the whining rogue. He cares for people. 1p8References1. Pittman JA Jr. Tinsley R. Harrison, M.D.: Teacher of Medicine.Subject file: Harrison, Tinsley. Winston-Salem (NC): DorothyCarpenter Medical Archives, Wake Forest University School ofMedicine.2. Dalton ML. William Osler’s influence on the career of TinsleyRandolph Harrison. South Med J 2001; 94: 724–27.3. Harrison TR. Letter to Dr. Herbert Wells of October 22,1940. Subject file: Harrison, Tinsley. Winston-Salem (NC): DorothyCarpenter Medical Archives, Wake Forest University School ofMedicine.4. Leathers WS. Letter to Dr. Coy C. Carpenter of December14, 1940. Subject file: Harrison, Tinsley. Winston-Salem (NC): DorothyCarpenter Medical Archives, Wake Forest University School ofMedicine.5. Morehead R. Oral History Interview No. 8 with Dr. TinsleyHarrison, interviewed by Dr. Robert Morehead, February 18,1975. Subject file: Harrison, Tinsley. Winston-Salem (NC): DorothyCarpenter Medical Archives, Wake Forest University School ofMedicine.6. Harrison TR. Letter to Dr. Coy C. Carpenter of December21, 1940. Subject file: Harrison, Tinsley. Winston-Salem (NC): DorothyCarpenter Medical Archives, Wake Forest University School ofMedicine.7. Harrison TR. Letter to Dr. Coy C. Carpenter of December 11,1940. Subject file: Harrison, Tinsley. Winston-Salem (NC): Dorothy CarpenterMedical Archives, Wake Forest University School of Medicine.8. Eddleman EE Jr. Tinsley Randolph Harrison: Medical investigator,physician, and educator. Clin Cardiol 1989; 12: 169–72.9. Morehead RP. The contribution of a great man to Wake ForestUniversity and its Bowman Gray School of Medicine—Tinsley R.Harrison, M.D. N C Med J 1983: 44: 809–11.10. Harrison TR. Letter to Dr. Coy C. Carpenter of April 7,1941. Subject file: Harrison, Tinsley. Winston-Salem (NC): DorothyCarpenter Medical Archives, Wake Forest University School ofMedicine.11. Dalton ML. The friendship and letters of Alfred Blalock andTinsley Harrison. Am Surg 2007; 73: 318–26.12. Harrison TR. Letter to Dr. John R. Ausband of December 3,1973. Subject file: Harrison, Tinsley. Winston-Salem (NC): DorothyCarpenter Medical Archives, Wake Forest University School ofMedicine.The author’s address is:1409 W. 4th Street, Apartment DWinston-Salem, North Carolina 27101E-mail: tianders@wfubmc.edu10 The Pharos/Autumn 2010

Quiet Snow among the DarkThe cold and bitter night.Alone.Sometimes I think about death.And sometimes,I yearn for somethingBeyond the reasonOf my being,And beyondThe being of my reasoning.Alone.I am not reallyThinkingAbout anythingExcept the beating of myHeart.Geoffrey B. Crawford, MDDr. Crawford (AΩA, Albany Medical College, 2007) is a residentin Preventive Medicine at the University of Maryland.His address is: 649 Washington Boulevard, Apt. A, Baltimore,Maryland 21230. E-mail: mumer@hotmail.com.Photo courtesy of the author.The Pharos/Date 11

A medical ear in the early morning tennis group–when to advise and what to sayHerbert Y. Reynolds, MDThe author (AΩA, University ofVirginia, 1965) is Medical Officer inthe Division of Lung Diseases at theNational Heart, Lung, and BloodInstitute of the National Institutes ofHealth; Adjunct Professor of Medicineat the Uniformed Services Universityof the Health Sciences in Bethesda,Maryland; and Professor of Medicine,Emeritus, at the Pennsylvania StateUniversity College of Medicine inHershey, Pennsylvania.At 6 AM our early-birds groupassembles to play tennis andtalk. The exercise is invigoratingand the tennis is quite good, givensome foot faulting with serving andoccasional confusion about keepingthe game’s score. Players are trim, withbags full of rackets, and often carryinga cup of coffee or Gatorade; but acloser look shows some with a wristsupport or a knee strap stabilizer. Weare all older. The group, numberingabout twenty-three men and women,has been together for almost a decadewith little turnover. Most play multipletimes a week. Exercise is extolled asthe main reason for playing, but talkinghas increasingly crept in. It firstoccurs as the group assembles in theclubhouse, then before the warm-up,and during court changeovers on oddgames. Conversation gets to the essenceof what is becoming more important asthe years pass along. Individuals in thegroup are in academics, the professions,and government leadership. There areseven other physicians, two of whom arein clinical practice; two of us volunteerin free medical clinics. 1 Thus, gettingadvice or hearing opinions on a variety14 The Pharos/Autumn 2010

of topics is an unexpected bonus providedby the group.The interaction of our tennis groupprobably mirrors the dynamics found inother groups of collegial people doingsomething together. Our group mightbe similar to book discussion groups,investment clubs, bridge tables, musicalensembles, or just social friends. Youmay find yourself in one or a numberof these group situations. My intentionis to stimulate reflection about theappropriate role for one with specialhealth care knowledge to assume in thegroup: Just listen? Say little or nothing?Give personal advice as appropriate?These are not our patients, so offeringofficial medical advice is not the issue,or shouldn’t be.Court medicineAs chatting is frequent, a spectrumof health-related topics have been presentedand some actual health issuesencountered, as a few examples brieflyillustrate: may be made, such as “I worry aboutthe future health of my children andgrandchildren who tend to be gainingweight and don’t exercise enough.” entswith a recent significant healthevent. They may require relocation,reluctantly, to a retirement complex. which seems to be a rehearsal of a presentationfor others, is bounced off you;my giving some technical explanationabout the kind of imaging study done,and correcting pronunciation of severaltests and parts of the procedure seemsappreciated. knee meniscus tear and is awaiting arthroscopicsurgery, but still wants to hittennis and get some exercise, the situationbecomes more immediate when Isee him favoring his leg and appearingto limp a bit. Should I offer the advice“let’s stop and rest your knee and notaggravate things,” or continue the tacticof hitting balls down the middle of thecourt, so he doesn’t have to move much? more urgent and force a decision. At acourt changeover, my opponent commented,“My chest feels tight and Ineed to cough; I think I am wheezing.”“I’ve had a cold for a few days; shouldI worry?” Ouch. For a pulmonologistfamiliar with dealing with upper respiratoryinfections that might settle in thechest, perhaps this was all, and a fewquestions might clarify the symptoms.The need for a direct ear auscultationon the chest wall, obviated by Laennec’sinvention 2 that I usually carry in mytennis bag for such a possibility butdidn’t have then, seemed excessive. Butthe late sixth-decade age of my partnermade “let’s sit down awhile” seem thebetter option than resuming tennis play.Fortunately, nothing untoward subsequentlyhappened.Wrap upMy example is a tennis group wherefriends get to know each other throughplaying a sport, socializing while doingso, and develop a comfort for picking ateach other’s expertise in the context of afamiliar environment. Candid questionscan arise and unexpected circumstancesdevelop; one’s medical opinion can besought. Other readers can extrapolatethis to similar groups you are involvedwith where you develop an easy rapportwith other members. As part of abroader message, there are two thingsto consider: First, physicians often getaccustomed to and even enjoy a ratherformal medical persona, as found inthe academic or clinical practice officesetting with the white coat, restrictedaccessibility, and salutatory“Doctor.” But playing a sport or engagingin a common activity helps stripaway the veneer of formality, makingone more approachable. Second, inthis informal atmosphere medicalquestions or concerns may comeforward more easily. It is a gratifyingfeeling to be asked, but thereare obligations to consider. Beyondempathy, how to respond, what tosay, and how much to get involved, arethe more difficult issues to consider. Ididn’t anticipate that medical questionswould be so intertwined with a sportingor social activity. Sometimes it isdifficult to refrain from offering adviceor comments on a suggested diagno- gives some assurance that getting tooinvolved is not appropriate, 3 but curbingthe impulse can be hard. What adviceand experience might you share aboutthis dilemma?References helping indigent patients and dealing withemerging health care needs. Acad Med2009; 84: 1434–39. Clinicopathologic observations, using thestethoscope, made chest medicine morescientific. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc2004; 115: 1–29. B.C.]: Rational Medicine. In Doctors andDiscoveries: Lives That Created Today’s29–33.The author’s address is:Potomac, Maryland 20854E-mail: reynoldh@nhlbi.nih.govThe Pharos/Autumn 2010 15

A medical ear in the early morning tennis groupCommentaryFirst of all, congratulations to Dr.Reynolds for being part of a long-termtennis group where “players are trim” far ahead of my game.The tennis, however, is just asymbol for any group of friends whomeet regularly and include severalphysicians along with a majority of to respond when medical questionsarise? This can sometimes be a delicateproblem.Some time ago, in The Pharos, Ilonged for a return to the Doctors’Dining Room where physicians fromvarying specialties could crossfertilizewith speculative conversa- Reynolds problem is quite differentsince it involves predominantly laypeople in a non-professional environment.The problems Reynolds warns ofare quite familiar to most physicians.Casually met lay people often askone’s specialty and then proceed toask a question clearly personally related.Dermatologists in particularare susceptible to the person in thenext airplane seat rolling up a sleeveand asking: “Doc, what do you thinkthis is?” (I myself insulate myself bydeclaring myself a proctologist, thusending the questioning.)It is almost always more prudent,however, in a social situation suchas described here, to avoid anythingwhich could be interpreted as specificadvice, positive or, worse, negative.Always include the caveat that oneshould rely on the opinion of one’spersonal physician.In Dr. Reynolds’s enviable tennisclub there are several other physicians,so it is easy to manage a difficultquestion by passing it around andcreating enough multiplicity so that adirect answer is avoided. In the veryrare instance in which you believethat harm is being done, or about tobe done, it might be wise to remarkthat: “I guess that if it were I with thatproblem I’d get another opinion.”Charles M. Plotz, MD, MedScD(AΩA, State University of New York,Downstate Medical Center)Professor Emeritus of Medicine,SUNY DownstateBrooklyn, New YorkI can evade questionswithout help; what I needis answers.—John F. KennedyThe score is 3-2, you’re changingsides and having a sip of water atthe net, and your tennis buddy says, then a bunch of biopsies, and now, atthe age of seventy-nine, they want tocut out my prostate. Whaddya think?” Reynolds for articulating a questionthat comes up every day across theplanet and evokes a different responsefrom everyone who’s asked.We have thirty-four fellows inour tennis group in Palo Alto, locallyknown as the “Termites” because weused to play at Terman Park. Themedian age is about seventy-eight,the range sixty-five to ninety. Eachof us plays two or three times a weekat 8 AM.The issues that arise cover thefuture of the planet, the economy,immigration, Afghanistan, and dozensof others. The medical questionstend to span the panoply of chronicdisease and more: osteoarthritis,heart disease, cancer, hips, knees,shoulders, headaches, and generalaches and pains. Should my wifecontinue with mammograms eachyear? My memory is going downhill:should I be worried? What willbecome of the younger generation? that question, “They’ll grow up andstart worrying about the youngergeneration.”)I try to respond to each and everymedical question (and a few planetarymatters) as helpfully as possible, alwayswith a caveat: “I don’t give adviceto anyone based on partial information.I will sometimes indicate whatI would do if I were in your position.More importantly, if this keeps botheringyou, see your primary physician.”If it’s clearly a special problem, Idon’t hesitate to name a doctor whomI consider outstanding in that area.My buddy with the prostate cancerhad no symptoms, no palpable mass,and a normal bone scan. I went intosome detail as to the options, therisk/benefit of each, age and prostatecancer, and the meaning of a PSA. Itold him that if I were in his position,I would hold off on surgery, radiationtherapy, and hormones, and enjoyhis grandchildren, life in general,and tennis in particular as central tomaintaining his good spirits and goodhealth. That was four years ago, andhe’s still hitting unreturnable dropshots.(AΩA, State University of New York,Downstate Medical Center, 1977)Professor Emeritus of Radiology,Stanford University School ofMedicinePalo Alto, California16 The Pharos/Autumn 2010

Post%Chemo%TreatHome again after chemotherapy—low white blood countand anemiamandate solitudeand no virus exposure,so she curls upin a mohair throwon her American Sheraton sofaand reads a favorite,Henry James,fortifiedwith a bowl of popcornand a glassof chardonnay.Henry Langhorne, MDDr. Langhorne (AΩA, Tulane Medical School, 1957) is in private practice in cardiology at Cardiology Consultants in Pensacola, Florida. His address is:1910 Seville Drive, Pensacola, Florida 32503. E-mail: bardwhl@aol.com.

WindAnd so it has come to you too.The winds ofdeathbrushed past your door;scraped thepaint away.Long shreds hang helplesslyBare wood stares throughAnd I, who seek toform my lifein the shapeof a shieldagainst the windI search for paint and brushAnd find none.Sharon MaasMs. Maas (AΩA, West Virginia University, 2009) is aresident in Family Medicine at Albany Medical Center.Her address is 7 Englewood Place, Albany, New York12203. E-mail: sharonmaas@mailstack.com.Illustration by Jim M’GuinnessThe Pharos/Date 25

EchocardiogramA caricatured performance reminiscent of anold black and white moviewith an occasional Doppler rainbowmuscular walls thrusting with dutyvalves fluttering like industrious butterflies.Whoosh, whoosh, whoosh,tricuspid I’m told, then pulmonicfollowed by mitral andlastly, the Grande Dame,the aorticlike the mouth of apuffer fish blowing human surfwithout the ebb, just the flow.Paul Rousseau, MDDr. Rousseau is associate professor of General InternalMedicine and Geriatrics and medical director of the Palliativeand Supportive Care Program at the Medical University ofSouth Carolina. His address is: Medical University of SouthCarolina, 135 Rutledge Tower, MSC 591, Charleston, SouthCarolina 29425. E-mail: rousseau@musc.edu.26 The Pharos/Date

One$simple$question$can$change$the$worldGeorge L. Spaeth, MDThe author (AΩA, Harvard Medical School, 1959) is theEsposito Research Professor at the Wills Eye Institute andprofessor of Ophthalmology at Jefferson Medical College.Many patients in my practice today are elderly, agood proportion of them are comfortable from afinancial point of view, and many live in retirementhomes. The overwhelming majority previously had a productivevocation. In response to a question that is a routine partof my history taking, specifically, “What are you doing withyour time now?” the answer is almost always, “Nothing.” Manyfeel bored, and almost none are involved in activities directedtoward the well-being of others.These individuals could be doing much that would help ourworld’s needs. Other people have had a similar thought, as aresult of which there are a variety of opportunities for “retired”individuals to be active in a constructive way.Several months ago, I asked an eighty-five-year-old, vibrant,well-dressed woman, “What are you doing to make the worldbetter?” Her response was one of stunned amazement. Whywould I possibly ask that question? The issue seemed never tohave crossed her mind. There was no answer. She immediatelystarted describing her visual symptoms. For the rest of the day,I asked every patient the same question, interspersed amongother routine parts of history, such as, “Are you having anytrouble using the eye drops?” “Do you think your visual abilityis the same, better or worse than it was when I saw you last?”and other routine and expected questions. The query, “Whatare you doing to make the world better?” was presented just asif it were a usual part of history taking.A few people were so dumbfounded that they simplyignored the question. Most were doing nothing that theythought was making the world better; they justified this bydetailing the difficulties they were having in just taking care ofthemselves. A small portion mentioned volunteer work suchas being “active in my church,” but on further questioning thisIllustrations by Erica AitkenThe Pharos/Autumn 2010 27

One simple question can change the worldinvolved arranging flowers, counting the money in the collectionboxes, cooking for the parish get-togethers, etc.What was certain was that none of those thirty or so patientsthat day were thinking beyond themselves.I left that day discouraged. Here was a group of relativelywealthy, intelligent, productive people who were for all practicalpurposes essentially ignoring the current state of the world.The hundreds of thousands of Iraqi citizens dying as a resultof an ill-conceived and probably unnecessary war were justtoo far away to be of concern, the millions of abused womantoo distant, the millions of undernourished, sick children withno reasonable hope for things getting better just too remote.One month later, when at the same office, I saw several of thepatients again. One told me that, as a result of the questionI had asked, she had signed up to go work with Habitat forHumanity in New Orleans. “It was the best week I have everspent,” she added. Another, Mrs. B told me that she had decidedto use extra land she had for a camp to which she wouldinvite young Palestinian and Israeli boys and girls to comespend a month together in order to get to know each other.Two out of thirty is a relatively low percentage, but muchhigher than zero.Most of us who live in the United States consult a physicianat least once yearly. If all physicians asked, “What areyou doing to make the world better?” as a routine part of theexamination, my hunch is that it would have a significant effecton the patients, helping them to get past their fixation onthemselves and their tiny surroundings. That in itself wouldprobably help them to become healthier, happier people.Probably such a question would help broaden the physiciansand their staffs, as well. Additionally, the medical professionwould come to be perceived as a group of people sincerelyconcerned about the well-being of the world, as well as theirindividual patients.Let’s all take that additional thirty seconds with each patientto ask, “What are you doing to make the world better?”Where to go to helpchange the worldAction Without Borders (www.idealist.org)American Red Cross (www.redcross.org)America’s Promise—The Alliance for Youth(www.americaspromise.org)AmeriCorps (www.americorps.gov)Elderhostel (www.elderhostel.org)The Executive Service Corps (www.escus.org)Experience Corps (www.experiencecorps.org)Generations United (www.gu.org)Habitat for Humanity (www.habitat.org)Mentor (www.mentoring.org)National Retiree Volunteer Coalition (www.nrvc.org)Peace Corps (www.peacecorps.gov)Points of Light Foundation & Volunteer CenterNational Network (www.pointsoflight.org)Service Corps of Retired Executives (SCORE)(www.score.org)Senior Corps (www.seniorcorps.org)United Way of America (www.unitedway.org)USA Freedom Corps (www.usafreedomcorps.gov)Volunteer Match (www.volunteermatch.org)Volunteers in Medicine (www.vimi.org)Volunteers of America (www.volunteersofamerica.org)The author’s address is:Wills Eye Institute/Jefferson Medical College840 Walnut Street, Suite 1110Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107E-mail: gspaeth@willseye.org28 The Pharos/Autumn 2010

HearingIn seventh grade my teacher said,“If no man hears, there is no sound.”What of the honking goose, the howling wolf?Does human absence still their voices, make them mute?How like ourselves to hear a worlddefined by just our presence.Yet goose and wolf speak for themselves,about themselves, but with an aural modesty.They cannot dictate that their sounds, their words,are those that only merit hearing.Somewhere an ancient elm falls dead.Honor its demise. Grant that it too makes a sound.Michael R. Milano, MDDr. Milano (AΩA, Albany Medical College, 1964) is a psychiatristliving and practicing in Teaneck, New Jersey. His e-mail address is:milanovinonos@aol.com.Illustration by Erica AitkenThe Pharos/Autumn 2010 29

Poems by Linda CantrellIn my thirty-one-year career as apediatric hematologist/oncologist Ireceived many heartrending lettersand poems from patients and theirparents, but my greatest treasurecame from seven poems written inthe late 1970s by a teenaged girl whohad acute leukemia from which shelater died. Seeing inside the mind ofa teen with a known fatal disease is arare and unusual gift. To be allowedto share this is even more unique.I have read enough in Pharos overmany years to know this is not yourusual source. Yet I guess I am searchingfor a way not to lose this unusualinsight from a teen. Linda gave mepermission to use her poems beforeshe died, and her parents welcomedthe idea.Richard Patterson, MD(AΩA, Wake Forest University, 1969)Winston-Salem, North CarolinaAddress reprint requests to:Richard B. Patterson, MDEmeritus Professor of PediatricsDepartment of PediatricsWake Forest University School of MedicineMedical Center BoulevardWinston-Salem, North Carolina 27157

WhyOh, God, why are you doing this to me?I can’t handle it, can’t you see?You closed me out like a jammed door.This thing you do, do it no more!A hospital room for a home?Something about that is cruel and wrong.My friends, they’ll never look at me the same,each day I live is like playing a game.Win or lose?What is for me?Winorlose . . .FightingWill there be another day?To you, oh, God, that’s what I pray.To let me live and do my best,Tell me now, is that my test?Or to try and make others seehow unimportant little trials can be.They don’t mean too much to me.I’m fighting, just to be . . .DreamsLord, give me a dream tonight.One my soul won’t have to fight.About guys and cars and rings.Any of those teenage things.Tonight, dear God, don’t make me scream.Just a plain ole staying alive dream.Hearts BreakMike’s passed away and Teddy’s gone.This whole world has gone all wrong.Parents’ hearts break and the children ache.Up here Leukemia is just like a popular song.You play it for a while, until you grow tired,then you quit and tag along.Most don’t give in or die, they really, really do try.But it seems like everything goes wrong.With their little bald heads and puffed out tummys.Maybe with Jesus they’ll belong,Me—I don’t know where I belong.I’m just so tired of playing this song.Oh, GodThose threats of people’s lives, please make no more.I care too much for life to let it slip away.Oh, God, I need you to comfort me, each and every day.Please, tell me the reason why.All life is important to me. I can’t sit and watch it go by.I don’t have all the answers to these awful things.You’ll never know how much sorrow and sadness they bring.I’ve got too many problems hanging over me.Dreams and visions are all that I see.It says in the Bible you’re what we’re here for.So think of us before you take any more.The PromDon’t guess I’ll go to the prom this year.Don’t think I can stand the glare.Tim says that this isn’t so.But he’s one of a kind, you know.He says that they won’t care,and will love me just the same.Pity is the word—not love.I wonder if that’s why he’s playing thedating game.After all, what will people say?If he dumped my bald head and walked away.No—think I’ll stay home.Anyway I don’t feel all that strong.Think I’ll get him a date with Pam.Tell him I don’t want him around.So he won’t feel guilty when he walks away.Oh, God, give me a Prom someday!Not AloneIf ever you should walk down the road alone, someday,Know you are not that way, and nothing is wrong.“ ’Cause you are not alone!”You may not see me, but I am there by way of my love.Sincere, real and pure, as we felt the sensation of touch,I am there!I grew in my love, just as a flower, to full blossom!I may in the same way fade and not be there.But my love was as beautiful as the flower!Wise thoughts I cannot give you, to continue alone.You’re something special, chosen, you alone, chosen by me.Look beside you, darling, though I may not be there, I willnever be gone.Don’t let my memory make you blind to love you haveinside to give—the love that was mine.The love that was good—so, darling,Want to live!

Health policyThe editors invite original articles and letters to theeditor for the Health Policy section, length 1500 wordsor fewer for articles, 250 words or fewer for letters.Please send your essays toinfo@alphaomegaalpha.org or to our regular mailingaddress: 525 Middlefield Road, Suite 130, MenloPark, CA 94025. E-mail submissions preferred. All essaysare subject to review and editing by the editorialboard of The Pharos.Cost of a lifeResource allocation in the current health care environmentBenson Shih-Han Hsu, MDThe author is a fellow in PediatricCritical Care at the University ofWisconsin School of Medicine andPublic Health.JR in 1,000 births. Patients withhad trisomy 18, a chromosomaldisorder affecting threetrisomy 18 possess a characteristic set ofphysical findings including small size,clenched hands with overlapping fingers,short sternum, prominent occiput,low-set ears, micrognathia, and rockerbottom feet. For the overall trisomy 18population, a recent case series fromJapan showed fifty percent mortalitywithin one month and less than ten percentsurvival within one year. 1 Cardiacabnormalities are the primary source ofmorbidity and mortality. 2JR was born with significant congenitalheart disease. His cardiac anomaliesincluded a PDA, an ASD and a VSDwith left to right shunting. Secondary tohis cardiac lesions, he developed severepulmonary hypertension. The alreadydismal prognosis for trisomy 18 becameeven worse once his cardiac anomalieswere diagnosed. Nevertheless, his parentswere clear that there be no limitationson care.I met JR within the first fewweeks of his life. I was a seniorresident on the wards whenI heard that a child withtrisomy 18 was to beadmitted for failureto thrive and congestiveheartfailure. Knowing the overall poor prognosisof this condition, I wondered if hiscontinued medical care was appropriate—notfrom a perspective of futilitybut from one of resource allocation. Thiswas the question I battled as I took careof him over the next several years.To have any chance for survival, JRrequired repair of his cardiac defects.A 2004 study in the American Journalof Cardiology reported that most trisomy18 patients undergoing cardiacrepair averaged about four months old. 3JR was thus discharged home to growuntil cardiac surgery was more likely tobe successful. Unfortunately, given hisheart failure and feeding difficulties,he suffered multiple medical setbacksover the following eighteen months,undergoing several operations includinggastric and duodenal tube placements,central lines placements, and pulmonaryartery banding. His postoperativerecovery was constantly fraught withcomplications as he developed multipleinfections and respiratory failure.Despite the repeated setbacks, his parentsmaintained their resolve to notlimit his care.I continued to care for JR as I finishedresidency and began a fellowship in criticalcare. When he reached eighteenmonths, he was finally deemed medicallyready, and underwent the successfulrepair of his VSD and ASD. But afterover four weeks in pediatric intensivecare with multiple failed extubations,his parents decided to withdraw care,convinced that he had endured morethan enough suffering.Although numerous ethics consultantsdiscussed the futility of JR’s care,I wondered whether his treatment wasa just use of our limited health careresources—a topic that was rarely, oreven peripherally, discussed. No onewanted to consider limiting care basedon an abstract view of scarce resources.JR had been admitted over fifteen timesto the wards as well as the neonatal andpediatric intensive care units. He underwentnumerous operations and procedures.He received consultations frommore than eight separate pediatric services.He suffered countless infections andwas mechanically ventilated on severaloccasions. He spent most of his life in thehospital and the cost of his care exceededthat of most hospitalized patients.JR was a beautiful child who broughthappiness to his parents and family. Hewas aware of his environment, withdrawingfrom pain, having vital signchanges with stress, and even occasionallysmiling. At the same time, JR wasone patient in a population of millions.He had a dismal initial prognosis withan incalculable but small chance for survival.Millions of dollars were spent onhis care. In treating patients like JR, arewe denying resources to others?Health care economists try to quantifythe best method for resource allocation.Cost effectiveness analysis (CEA) isone of the most commonly used evaluations.CEA defines the quality adjustedlife years (QALY) saved for a given costof intervention. 4 For instance, to justify32 The Pharos/Autumn 2010

a treatment costing $1 million that willincrease your life by ten years (at thepresumed normal quality of life), a yearof life must be worth at least $100,000.But how much is a year of life worth? InGreat Britain, the National Institute forHealth and Clinical Excellence (NICE)has determined that the national healthcare system would not support any interventioncosting more than $49,000per one year of life. 5 This decision hasled to cries of rationing.Rationing is defined as “to distributeequitably” by the Merriam-Websterdictionary. 6 Although many dispute thathealth care rationing occurs here in theUnited States, Peter Singer noted inhis 2009 New York Times article that“health care is a scarce resource, and allscarce resources are rationed in one wayor another.” 5 Rationing in the UnitedStates is not based on public policy asit is in countries such as Great Britain;instead, our rationing is based on theability to pay. As Dr. Singer points out,rationing in the United States is hidden.With our substantial uninsured population,rationing is based on who hasinsurance and who does not. Instead ofdetermining what appropriate care is,we have created a class of uninsured citizenswho generally do not receive anytype of health care outside of emergencycare. 5 This leads to well-documenteddeclines in overall health outcomes. 7JR was born in the United States,which lacks a nationalized health caresystem, so considerations of cost werenot addressed in his treatment. I wonderedwhat would have happened if hehad not had virtually unlimited healthcare. Would others have benefited?Would the money and resources havebeen used to save another child wholacked care?Nationalized health care systems allocateresources by determining whatis appropriate before treatment starts,allowing equitable distribution of resources.In the United States, restrictingtreatment for one does not necessarilylead to the gain of another. The resourcesspent or not spent on JR’s carethus had little immediate impact on thecare for others.After JR died, I felt comfortable insaying that his care was necessary. Asphysicians, our duty to our individualpatients. Resource allocation andrationing will be debated for years tocome as our society heads toward improvinghealth care coverage for all.Until then, limiting care on argumentsof allocation makes no sense, ethicallyor economically.References1. Imataka G, Nitta A, Suzumura H, etal. Survival of trisomy 18 cases in Japan.Genet Couns 2007; 18:303–8.2. Bay CA, SteeleMW. Genetic Disordersand Dysmorphic Conditions.In: Zitelli BJ, DavisHW, editors. Atlas ofPediatric Physical Diagnosis.Fourth Edition.Philadelphia: Mosby;2002: 1–27.3. Graham EM, BradleySM, Shirali GS, et al.Effectiveness of cardiacsurgery in trisomies 13and 18 (from the PediatricCardiac Care Consortium).Am J Cardiol2004; 93: 801–03.4. Griebsch I, CoastJ, Brown J. Qualityadjustedlife-years lackquality in pediatric care:a critical review of publishedcost-utility studiesin child health. Pediatrics2005; 115: e600–14.5. Singer P. WhyWe Must Ration HealthCare. New York Times2009 Jul 15. www.nytimes.com/2009/07/19/magazine/19healthcare-t.html. Accessed July 1,2010.6. Merriam-Webster’sCollegiate Dictionary.A dwoaTenth Edition. Springfield (MA): Merriam-Webster; 1997.7. Fry-Johnson YW, Daniels EC, LevineR, et al. Being uninsured: impact on children’shealthcare and health. Curr OpinPediatr 2005; 17: 753–58.The author’s address is:Department of PediatricsUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicineand Public Health600 Highland AvenueH4/442 Clinical Science CenterMadison, Wisconsin 53792bhsu@uwhealth.org(Born on a Monday in Ghana)Golden apples on a dress two sizes too big,Adwoa picks at her scab(ie)s.An illiterate girlAn inaudible voiceWithout currency to live in her bankrupt country.Like a doll that was left in the rain,A drab child‘s toy —a trollwith a round belly but no rhinestone gemin the center to wish on, just a fleshy pink diamondunder the frayed edge of applesfrom which children will ripen and falland returnto the red dirt from which they came.Julia GeynismanMs. Geynisman is a third-year medical student at the University ofMichigan. Her address is: 1607 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan48104. E-mail: jgeynis@med.umich.edu.Photo courtesy of the author.The Pharos/Autumn 2010 33

The physician at the moviesPeter E. Dans, MDExtraordinary MeasuresStarring Harrison Ford, Brendan Fraser, Keri Russell, andMeredith Droeger.Directed by Tom Vaughan. Rated PG. Running time 106 minutes.Based on Geeta Anand’s book The Cure 1 and said to be “inspiredby true events,” this film takes considerable licensewith the story of John Crowley (Brendan Fraser), who quit ahigh-paying job at Bristol-Myers Squibb to join a biotech companyaimed at finding a cure for Pompe disease.A form of muscular dystrophy, Pompe disease affectsabout 5,000 to 10,000 children and adults worldwide. It wasdiscovered in 1932 by J. C. Pompe, a Dutch pathologist whoautopsied a seven-month-old child who died of heartdisease and found the heart muscles to be filled withglycogen. 1p26 Pompe joined the Dutch Resistance atthe outset of World War II, and when the Nazisfound a secret radio transmitter in his lab,they arrested and executed him.The next breakthrough was byBelgian scientist Henri Hers, whoin 1963 discovered that patientseither lacked or were deficient in the enzyme acid alphaglucosidase(GAA), which breaks down glycogen. As a result,glycogen builds up in muscles, the liver, heart, and otherorgans, leading to progressive weakness, and respiratory andother systemic disorders. Dr. Rochelle Hirschhorn, a professorof medicine at NYU, published a description of a portionof the genome in 1986. Two years later, Dutch researcher Dr.Arnold Reuser described the rest of the genome. 1p26 Efforts toproduce a suitable replacement enzyme that could be toleratedby patients and penetrate the target cells proved elusive.This takes us to 1998, when Crowley’s story begins. Thefilm opens at the eighth birthday party of Megan Crowley(Meredith Droeger), one of two of Crowley’s children who hasthe disease. Haunted by the fact that the usual life expectancyis nine, Crowley is unwilling to heed the doctor’s advice thathe and his wife Aileen (Keri Russell), in the absence of a cure,should take the children home and enjoy them, and regarddeath as a blessing. In real life, the afflicted children were fifteenmonths and seventeen days old when Crowley, a devoteeof Churchill, vowed never to quit in his search for a cure. Hebegan a journey of almost five years to get his children a possiblyeffective therapy.Crowley, a hard-driving graduate of Georgetown’s SchoolKeri Russell and Diego Velazquez in Extraordinary Measures.CBS Films/Photofest.34 The Pharos/Autumn 2010

Brendan Fraser and Harrison Ford in Extraordinary Measures.CBS Films/Photofest.of Foreign Service, Notre Dame’s law school, and HarvardBusiness School, with one year at the Naval Academy, 1p8tracks down Dr. Robert Stonehill (Harrison Ford) a reclusivePhD studying the disease in Nebraska. Stonehill is portrayedas an irascible, eccentric, cocksure, workaholic with two exwives.(“Because I’m so easy to get along with.”) Over dinner,Stonehill explains that attempts to infuse the missing enzymehave been ineffective because it doesn’t get into the cell. Whenasked to help find a cure, Stonehill says that he is just anacademic at the University of Nebraska, which pays a footballcoach more than what his lab costs for a year. Finally, he agreesto work with Crowley if he comes up with half a million dollars,and then goes off bass fishing. Crowley meets with otherPompe families, challenging them by saying, “Do we acceptour fate and listen to these well-meaning doctors?” Still, he isonly able to raise about $10,000, but Stonehill agrees to workwith him because he’s “tired of begging bread crumbs from theuniversity while they keep my patents.” He says, “I can’t cureyour kids but I can sure make their lives better.”Crowley and Stonehill form a love-hate partnership andestablish biotech company Priazyme (actually Novazyme),even though Crowley is cautioned that nine out of ten suchventures fail. When Crowley sees Stonehill’s college-agedlab assistants, he worries that no venture capitalist will takethem seriously. Stonehill responds, “Scientists get all sensibleand careful when they get old. Young ones like risk and arenot afraid of new ideas, and you can pay them less.” Thereare some harrowing setbacks such as when the electricitygoes out in the lab during a storm and they must scramble toget a backup generator to save the precious enzyme. Finally,Crowley, without Stonehill’s knowledge, makes a deal withEric Loring (Patrick Bauchau), an investor whom Stonehill hadalienated, to sell Priazyme to a larger company, Zymogen (actuallyGenzyme). The company gets a cash infusion and avoidsbankruptcy, while making millions for Stonehill, Crowley, andthe venture capitalists who had invested in the company.Zymogen now has four prototypeenzymes to test headto-headin what is dubbed the“Mother of all experiments,”consisting of 500 experimentsover two months with the identitiesof the candidate enzymesblinded. 1pp257–58 When one clearwinner surfaces (not the oneCrowley touted), it is decidedthat only one will go on to humantrials. Because the productis in short supply, the initialstudy will involve only infants,excluding Crowley’s children,who are too old. Crowley firsttries to steal enzyme (actually hethought about it but didn’t try it because of the obvious logisticaland medical problems). 1pp270–71 Then he works out asibling study with Portland Rose Hospital (actually Children’sHospital of Philadelphia 1p279 and later the University of FloridaHospital 1pp285–86 ) but both are nixed because of nepotismand a conflict of interest given that Crowley is a companyexecutive. Finally Stonehill suggests a compromise involvingCrowley’s being terminated by the company and the studyproceeds at Portland Rose Hospital (actually at St. Peter’sUniversity Hospital in New Jersey under the auspices of Dr.Debra-Lynn Day-Salvatore on January 9, 2003). 1pp301–302The film is worth seeing primarily for the acting, especiallyof young Megan, who is as spunky in the movie as in real life.It is full of scientific jargon, formulas on blackboards, andPowerPoint presentations, presumably because the directorwanted to be sure “that the scientists acted in a way that wouldbe realistic to real scientists.” I’ll let you judge whether he succeeded;whatever the case, Ford’s over-the-top portrayal ofa scientist is entertaining. His performance joins the rogue’sgallery of arrogant and abrasive cinematic scientists, includingsuch gems as when he refuses to cash the large buy-out checkuntil the experiments succeed, saying, “I don’t care aboutmoney. I’m a scientist. I care about more important things.”Or when, after another outburst, he walks out of an investormeeting, telling Crowley, “Nobody is going to tell me how torun my lab. I’m a scientist!”As I noted, the film is highly fictionalized, so the major reasonI’m glad I saw it was that it led me to read the book, whichis a very interesting and readable chronicle of the business sideof drug development, replete with biotech companies, venturecapitalists, Harvard MBAs, and an orchestrated buyout, as wellas competing patient support groups and the pressures by desperateparents trying to get life-saving drugs for their afflictedchildren. In fact Crowley had to watch while precious enzymewas sent to Italy and Spain after government-to- governmentinvolvement, before his kids could be treated. 1pp270–71The Pharos/Autumn 2010 35

The physician at the moviesBesides the wrong age of the children, the actual scientistDr. William Canfield was a physician at the University ofOklahoma, not the University of Nebraska, which has everyright to be upset at the cheap shots taken by the filmmakers.Whether they are or not, Oklahomans certainly resentedthe way Canfield was fictionalized but Crowley was not, andOklahoma City and its pioneering lab were airbrushed out,along with Canfield. Although described as being “surly” or“shy and quirky” at times, Canfield appears to be nothinglike the arrogant cinematic portrayal. 2,3 If anything, it wasCrowley who was consistently described as arrogant, irascible,and peremptory, much of which was excused because of hisconcern about his children. Actually, it was Canfield whofounded Novazyme in Oklahoma City and hired Crowley asits CEO. Independently, Genzyme developed Myozyme (called“special medicine” in the film) and the two other prototypes incollaboration with Dr. Y. T. Chen at Duke University 1p27 andDr. Reuser at Erasmus Medical Center in the Netherlands. 2Although unfavorably portrayed in the film, it was the medicaldirector at Genzyme, Dr. Hal Landy, who came up withthe sibling study, not Crowley or Canfield. 1p272 In addition,Genzyme let Crowley retire with a generous severance package,including coverage of $4 million in medical expensesto supplement COBRA and what Bristol-Myers Squibb hadprovided. 1p301 All in all, not only did Crowley become wealthybut he was treated very well by his employers, who hardly fitthe stereotype of ruthless capitalists.Finally, the book gives a much more balanced picture of theeffects of this devastating illness on the family, especially theolder sibling and the mother who, in my opinion, is the realheroine. She tolerated her husband’s behavior, which at onepoint almost led to divorce, while being the primary caregiverfor two children on respirators, often with inadequate help untila saintly woman named Sharon Dozier became almost partof the family. Usually I agree that the deleted scenes providedas extras on DVDs should have been deleted, but in this caseI do not, because they show the tough times and frustrationthat the family suffered through and their inclusion wouldhave provided a realistic counterbalance to the heroic portraitof Crowley and the “feel-good” storyline. Still, Nina Raben, anNIH doctor who grew up in the former Soviet Union, summarizedthe story best: “This is a very American story. It’s abouthope, it’s about will power, it’s about money, it’s about a beliefin happy endings.” 1p321Oklahoman 2010 Jan 3. blog.newsok.com/okccentral/2010/01/03/extraordinary-measures-takes-extraordinary-measures-to-rob-okcof-credit-for-scientific-breakthrough/?searched=extraordinary%20measures&custom_click=search.The Hurt LockerStarring Jeremy Renner, Anthony Mackie, and Brian Geraghty.Directed by Kathryn Bigelow. Rated R. Running time 130 minutes.The film opens in Baghdad in 2004, the worst period of theIraq war when improvised explosive devices (IEDs) werethe predominant means of killing American soldiers. The titlecomes from the expression for being injured and being sentto the “hurt locker.” The screenwriter (Mark Boal) draws onhis six-week experience as an embedded journalist with anJeremy Renner in theHurt Locker.CBS Films/Photofest.References1. Anand, Geeta. The Cure: How a Father Raised $100 Millionand Bucked the Medical Establishment in a Quest to Save His Children.New York: HarperCollins; 2010.2. Genzyme website: Myozyme Product Information. www.genzyme.com/pompemovie/.3. Lackmeyer Steve. Extraordinary Measures takes extraordinarymeasures to rob OKC of credit for scientific breakthrough. The36 The Pharos/Autumn 2010

explosive ordnance disposal company (EOD). The film followsthree EOD technicians who have thirty-eight days left in theirrotation, as the filmmakers countdown each of the days.When a radio-controlled roadside bomb is detonated,killing the unit’s leader, Staff Sgt. Matthew Thompson (GuyPearce), the screenwriter plays off the Army recruiting slogan,“Be all you can be in the Army,“ adding, “what if all you canbe is dead on the side of an Iraqi road?” The film conveys thediffering rhythms of the war, where conditions can turn fromcalm to chaotic without warning. It also portrays the stress ofhaving to cope with sandstorms, torrid temperatures exacerbatedby the need to carry heavy equipment, and especiallythe difficulty in identifying enemies when every minute maypossibly be one’s last.The major character is an intrepid EOD technician Sgt.First Class William James (Jeremy Renner), who has defused873 bombs. Under his bed he keeps a box of parts from bombsthat nearly killed him as he was dismantling them. James isengaged in a running conflict with Sgt. J. T. Sanborn (AnthonyMackie), who insists on doing things by the book. Thethird member of the team, Specialist Owen Eldridge (BrianGeraghty), is a rookie who is not only introspective but notafraid to say he is scared. He has never killed an enemy and isput to the test when faced with that choice. As Iraqis silentlywatch, Sgt. James dons his elaborate equipment and walksdown the street towards a suspected bomb vehicle. By creatingan archetypical High Noon moment, the director successfullyputs the viewer in his shoes and transfers the tension.While defusing the bomb, James takes off the headset thatconnects him with his mates in the Humvee so he can ignoreany warnings to abort the mission. On his return to the vehicleafter successfully defusing the bomb, Sanborn chews him outfor being a “hot dog.” When commanding officer Colonel Reed(David Morse) later asks him what’s the best way to disarm abomb, James answers “The way you don’t die”. The Coloneladmiringly responds, “Spoken like a wild man. That’s good.”This fits what the screenwriter intends to convey at the film’sbeginning, using a quotation from Chris Hedges’s 2002 book,War Is a Force that Gives Us Meaning: “The rush of battle isa potent and often lethal addiction, for war is a drug.” Whileperhaps partially true, some knowledgeable EOD veteranshave criticized the portrayal of the EOD technician as beingrather cavalier and unrepresentative.James’s personal life is as chaotic as his military life. Hetalks about having gotten a girl pregnant back home and marryingand then divorcing her, at least he thinks he divorcedher, although she is still living in the house. He’s asked howhe takes the risks. He admits that every time he goes out herolls the dice, but can’t explain why. His softer side is shownin two scenes with young boys. James takes a liking to a boywho sells black market CDs and is so enamored of soccer thathe calls himself Beckham (Christopher Sayegh). Later Jamescomes to believe that the boy is a suicide bomber who diedwhen the bomb went off prematurely. He goes off the baseat night into the heart of Baghdad to find the boy’s relativesand barely escapes with his life. This scene is so improbablethat it detracts from the film. Later, James is shown with hiswife and their young son, trying to be a father. He tells hisson, “You love playing with all your stuffed animals. You loveyour mommy and daddy. You love your pajamas. You love everything,don’t you? You know what, Buddy, as you get older,some of the things you love might not seem so special anymore like your Jack-in-the-Box. Maybe you’ll realize it is justa piece of tin with a stuffed animal inside. And the older youget, the fewer things you really love, and by the time you getto my age maybe it’s only one or two things. With me, I thinkit’s one.” This attempt to humanize James while having himconfess that it’s war that he loves seems a little forced.The only medical aspect of the film is the portrayal of adoctor, Major John Cambridge (Christian Camargo), whodecides to go on a mission with the technicians. When askedwhy, he says that going to war is a once-in-a-lifetime experienceand can be fun. He also says that it will help him betterunderstand people like Sgt. Eldridge whom he is counseling. Itturns out that he is also very naive and when he insists on talkingto a bunch of Iraqis rather than getting into the Humvee,he is blown up.The film was nominated for nine Academy Awards andwon for best original screenplay, best sound editing, bestsound mixing, best film editing, best film, and best director.The latter was particularly noteworthy in that Bigelow wasthe first woman to win an Oscar for directing. An interestingbit of intrigue played out on Oscar night in that she is the exwifeof director James Cameron, who was pitted against herin both categories for Avatar, which was an enormous boxoffice success, whereas Hurt Locker was the lowest grossingbest picture ever.Bigelow chose well in casting three unknown actors in thepivotal roles. This allowed the viewer to focus on the storyrather than on a celebrity like a Clooney, a Cruise, or a Gibson.There were two better known actors in minor roles: DavidMorse and Ralph Fiennes. The latter gives a rather unconvincingperformance as the head of a private British companyprobably patterned on Blackwater. The film also benefitedfrom Bigelow’s insistence on filming in Jordan (in some casesonly a few miles from the Iraq border), where she could usemany Iraqi refugees as extras. The climatic conditions furtherenhanced the film’s authenticity, especially since Bigelow didthe location shots without air-conditioned trailers or privatebathrooms, keeping everyone uncomfortably in character.Although the film got many awards, it was not immune tocriticism. Many veterans liked the film but some cited inaccuracies.They were best expressed by Jonathan Foreman,who was embedded with the troops for six weeks in 2003 and2005. 3 He believed that The Hurt Locker was the best film yetmade about post-9/11 wars and praised many of the thingsThe Pharos/Autumn 2010 37

The physician at the moviesJeremy Renner in the Hurt Locker.CBS Films/Photofest.that the filmmakers got right despite a low budget. However,he noted that:1. You’d never see a single Humvee driving around Baghdador into the desert.2. The idea of a soldier running around town at night in asweatshirt and finding his way through the unmarked streetsof a neighborhood he doesn’t know was impossible.3. The whole sniper scene with the British mercenarieswas absurd.4. No EOD team would be left alone in the school or an explosionsite, which happens during the film a number of times.5. The noncommissioned officers in the film would havehad to answer to officers they would meet with regularly andnot be allowed to act as Lone Rangers.The film reminded me of the excellent 1978 televisionseries starring Anthony Andrews called Danger UXB. Setin London during the Blitz, it follows bomb squad memberswhose job was to dig up and disarm unexploded bombs(UXB). It shows how little the people knew at the time aboutdefusing bombs and how scant was their training and thushow many got killed. The DVD set has a fascinating bonusHistory Channel documentary entitled “Bomb Squad.” Thenarrator points out that there are an average of 500 bombs peryear in the United States. The most famous of them were atColumbine High School where the bombers who killed themselveshid about sixty-five bombs that had to be retrieved,with one person killed in the process. They trace the historyof anarchists planting bombs in NewYork City, which led to the formationof the New York Police bombsquad in 1903. This includes thebombing on Wall Street protestingthe Sacco-Vanzetti verdict, whichkilled and injured many; the plantingof a bomb in the British Pavilionat the 1939 New York World’s Fair,where two bomb squad memberswere killed; the New Year’s Eve 1982bombing by the Puerto Rican terroristgroup FALN, which led to theserious maiming of two detectiveswhose interviews are particularlypoignant; and the 1993 World TradeTower bombing,An ex-IRA bomber discusseswhat led him to plant bombs andwhy he tried to warn authorities,whereas other bombers were lessconcerned with the deaths of innocentpeople. EOD veterans discussthe mentality of those who take onthis risky job. One says, “We don’t wantto say we’re in it for the adrenaline rushbut that plays into it.” Another says that the typical EOD techis not “living on the edge” because you have to keep your composure.He added that there were “no experts, no one knowsit all, and if you ever get to that point, you’re dangerous.” Thegood news is that they now have dogs and robots to try toexpedite detection and defusing of bombs, minimizing thepossibility of loss of life of the technician. There’s also a jointArmy/FBI Hazardous Devices school in Huntsville, Alabama,that works with police departments. In short, I recommendthe film and also encourage those interested in the subject tocheck out Danger UXB.References1. Internet Movie Database web site. The Hurt Locker. www.imdb.com/title/tt0887912/.2. Hedges C. War Is a Force That Gives Us Meaning. New York:Random House; 2002.3. Foreman J. The Corner: An Oscar Encounter. National ReviewOnline. 2010 Mar 2. corner.nationalreview.com/post/?q=YzlhMjg4OGEzN2M2YjA5NjhjNmQyNDRhYTg3YmI2MDM=.Dr. Dans (AΩA, Columbia University College of Physicians andSurgeons, 1960) is a member of The Pharos’s editorial board andhas been its film critic since 1990. His address is:11 Hickory Hill RoadCockeysville, Maryland 21030E-mail: pdans@comcast.net38 The Pharos/Autumn 2010

Reviews and reflectionsDavid A. Bennahum, MD, and Jack Coulehan, MD, Book Review EditorsDying for BeginnersPatrick ClaryLost Borders Press, Big Pine, California2006, 86 pagesReviewed by Jack Coulehan, MD(AΩA, University of Pittsburgh, 1969)When a palliative care physicianpublishes a book of poems entitledDying for Beginners, you’d thinkmost of the poetry would focus on hisclinical experience in the hospital andhospice. Vignettes of patients and theirfamilies, for example, or didactic poemsabout the value of palliative care.After all, the title suggests a handbookof sorts. Nonetheless, the reader soondiscovers that Patrick Clary’s Dying forBeginners is actually a collection of vibrantpoems about life and living, aboutfamily, friends, music, loss, war, andlove. The book’s title is more evocativethan it initially appears, for it conveysthe countercultural insight that dyingis an essential part of living. We onlybecome fully human by coming to gripswith our own mortality. Our engagementwith mortality emerges from loveand humor, as well as from pain and loss.This is a lifelong project. Patrick Clary’spoems speak to what he has discoveredabout himself, as a beginner to hisfellow beginners.Clary’s route to discoverytraverses Death Valley,where he undertakes aretreat and visionquest. In an openingpoem aboutthis experience, he concludes, “Suddenly,I find all my wounds are turning intoblessings.” This inversion of categoriesis not an exotic, one-off event for Clary,but a new way of looking at the world.It’s a perspective in which events inthe poet’s life, carefully observed anddescribed, suddenly reveal deeper meaningsthat can only be expressed by metaphoror paradox. For example, in “DaysI Don’t Remember,” Clary reflects, “Andall my roads are turning into rivers.” p27Or, in “Meditation on the Pays d’Oc,”he observes, “Instead of dying, I coughup a butterfly, watch it/dry its wings inthe sun.” p74 Or the essential quietism of“That silence moving through our liveswas me” (“The Translator”). p33The poet learned his first lessons indying during the Vietnam War, in whichhe served as a medic with U.S. infantryunits. During “Orientation at Bien Hoa,”he discovers,Yes, gentlemenThis little war hereExists onlyFor one reason:To give you all the pleasureYou can handle. p10He is also taught how easy it is to killwith an M16 rifle, which canPut eighteen holes inWhatever you point it atInside of two seconds. p11Meanwhile, the human tragedy ofVietnam takes place all around him. Forexample, Vo Vanh Thom, a Vietnamesepeasant whose son died in an explosionset off by a careless American soldierwho threw a match into the “firebasedump,” observes two bodies beingloaded onto a Chinook helicopter:Though now they lay on the floorOf the gray Chinook together,The man with the match would bealive inAmerica tomorrow, my child dead inDa Lat. p15The American whose action killed thepeasant’s son would survive.In another place, Clary writes abouttaking care of patients from earthquakeproneand war-torn El Salvador.They say war is another kind ofearthquake, worse,The real earthquake, the one that haslasted years. p66This earthquake can reach into yourown home,Bind your son with wire in front of you,cut offHis genitals and stuff the organs intohis mouth. p66The Vietnamese peasant had lost oneof his hands in the explosion. In a differentpoem (“Three Variations”), Clarycalls to mind his own hands. . . square,Filled with themselves, professionallyTender on demand, but still uneasyAt your easy tenderness. p35The words “professionally tender ondemand” evoke his work in palliativemedicine, although the same wordscould—and should—apply to medicalpractice in general. But Clary recognizesthat the human capacity for compassionis not inexhaustible. There will always bea tension between the work that needsto be done (“another pair of hands in theemergency room” p63 ) and our limitedreserves of kindness and empathy.“Five Tasks Taught by HospiceNurses” pp72–73 is among the most movingpoems on love and death I’ve everread. Dedicated to the poet’s brotherwho died in an accident, the poem consistsof five sections, each expressingone of the tasks of “successful” dying: saygoodbye, express forgiveness, requestforgiveness, affirm affection, and expressgratitude. In this case, Clary performseach task in turn, as he reflects on incidentsin his and his brother’s lives. Thepoem speaks with clarity, dignity, andcompassion. True to the central themeThe Pharos/Autumn 2010 39

Reviews and reflectionsof Dying for Beginners, Clary affirms thatforgiveness, affection, and gratitude aretasks for the living, as well as the dying.He concludes,Now I see: living is a kind of slowburning,And love is what we salvage from thefire. p73I can think of no better way to endthis review than to quote a section of thebook’s eponymous poem, which refers toa chaplain’s visits to a dying patient:The engineer with end-stage cancerlived for their visits,not only meandering with the chaplainthrough memories—his loving marriage, work well done,well-educated children—he prized the weekly chance to scoff atangels and any possibility of heaven.His last word? “Wow!” p78Dr. Coulehan is a Book Review Editor forThe Pharos and a member of the journal’seditorial board. His address is:Center for Medical Humanities, CompassionateCare, and BioethicsHSC L3-080State University of New York at StonyBrookStony Brook, New York 11794-8335E-mail: jcoulehan@notes.cc.sunysb.eduOn Being Certain: BelievingYou Are Right Even WhenYou’re NotRobert A. BurtonSt. Martin’s Press, New York, 2008, 223pagesReviewed by John L. Wright, MD(AΩA, Hahnemann Medical College,1956)On Being Certain by Robert A. Burton,MD, former chief of Neurology atMt. Zion-UCSF Hospital and author ofthree acclaimed works of fiction, is themost enjoyable and informative nonfictionI’ve read in several years. It’s enjoyablebecause the writing smoothly integratespersonal narrative, historical reference,and anecdotes from literature and popculture, along with hard data from clinicalmedicine and laboratory studies; informativebecause it sheds light on the enormoussubjectivity with which we come toour opinions and decisions. As an exampleof the latter, in a discussion of the roleof DNA and its influence on the way wethink about religion, Burton, comments onhis own “idiosyncratic world-view” p105 andhis “overwhelming existential bent.” p105He uses a personal experience from highschool to illustrate his belief that his mindis “programmed” to shun black and whiteanswers for the most difficult questions.As a high school student, Burtonworked as an usher in a San Franciscotheater that featured Samuel Beckett’sWaiting for Godot, a play depicting themeaninglessness of man’s existence.Burton writes of that purely accidentalexposure,I left the theater stunned. The resonancewas unnerving, as thoughBeckett had slipped inside myhead and written what I hadn’t yetthought. Yes, this is how the worldis. The pleasure was profound andcomforting, as though I’d discovereda kindred spirit. p106And here again he writesAfter fifty years my admiration persists.More than any other artist (orneuroscientist), Beckett has capturedthe wondrous and amusing frustrationof observing the mind in action.His “you must go on, I can’t go on,you must go on, I’ll go on,” underscoresthe paradoxical and philosophicallyirresolvable relationshipbetween thought and biology. p106Finally, Burton contends that,A stance of absolute certainty thatprecludes consideration of alternativeopinions has always struck meas fundamentally wrong. pxiiiThese personal revelations, and the datapresented in On Being Certain, suggestthat human beliefs span a bell-shapedcurve with aggressive conviction on oneend and dysfunctional ambiguity on theother. However, in his enthusiasm forGodot, Burton seems to overlook theparalyzing stasis that the play also portrays.In the preface, Burton states his goalsin writing the book: (1) “I have set out toprovide a scientific basis for challengingour belief in certainty,” pxiv (2) “My goal isto strip away the power of certainty byexposing its involuntary roots,” pxiv and(3) “To dispel the myth that we ‘knowwhat we know’ by conscious deliberation. . . [by showing] how the brain createsthe involuntary sensation of ‘knowing’and how this sensation is affected byeverything from genetic predispositionsto perceptual illusions common to allbodily sensations.” pxiii In other wordsBurton is convinced that certainty (orthe need for certainty) is a serious deterrentto problem solvingIn two interesting chapters (“NeuralNetworks and Modularity” and“Emergence”), Burton builds the foundationfor a deeper understanding ofthe individual neuron and its triggeringimpact on the vast neural network, suchthat sensory input eventually emergesseamlessly into the conscious mind. Indiscussing the neural network, he usesthe term “hidden layer,” partly I suspectto avoid the baggage carried bysuch terms as “unconscious” and “subconscious.”He illustrates the “hidden40 The Pharos/Autumn 2010

layer” with an in-depth discussion ofhow amazon.com manages to digest aconsumer’s book purchases for the purposeof building a roving user-profilethat is fed back to the consumer suggestingsimilar books. What becomesclear is that every sensory experienceis registered and evaluated in the “hiddenlayer.” Depending on its strengthand relationships, the input provokes anappropriate response, either as thoughtleading to action, or as cataloging forfuture reference. However, he doesn’tdiscuss yet another function that the“hidden layer” must also have, i.e., protectionfrom the disabling chaos thatwould otherwise result from a flood ofuseless or inert stimuli.What follows logically from Burton’sanalysis of the “hidden layer” is a re-evaluationof the question of free will versusdeterminism. While Samuel Johnson’sstatement, as reported by James Boswell,that “All theory is against the freedomof the will; all experience is for it” (1778)continues to be the default opinion, I’venever read anything that raises the stakesin favor of determinism more than doesOn Being Certain. In the penultimatechapter, Burton summarizes much ofwhat he has presented earlier, concludingthat, “the free will–determinist debateis limited by its own biologicalconstraints.” p214Along the way, Burton reveals, wherepossible, the genetic components andbiochemical and neurological pathwaysthat underpin an array of clinical syndromesas a way of validating his contentionthat feelings of conviction, knowing,and correctness have deep neurologicalroots. Among the syndromes hediscusses are blindsight, Cotard’s syndrome,addiction, mystic states and religiousexperience, obsessive-compulsivedisorders, cognitive dissonance, placeboeffect, and déjà vu.At the end of the preface, Burtongives another reason for writing thisbook. He states, “The sense of innerquiet born of acknowledging my limitationshas been extraordinary; I wouldlike to share this with you.” pxiv I applaudthis conclusion, being grateful forhaving come to that experience myself.Yet, doesn’t this bring us back to thebeginning? Think of the anxiety or repulsiona reader who insists on absolutismmight experience in being pushedtoward uncertainty. After all, much ofwhat is going on in the “hidden layer”(mostly the primitive areas of the brain)has to do, it seems to me, with survival,triggering the fight-or-flight reaction tosurprise or stress. What are the chances,then, that this brilliantly argued treatisewill change the orientation of individualsdeep in the certainty region ofthe certainty/ambiguity curve? Burtonwrites, “The more committed we are to abelief, the harder it is to relinquish, evenin the face of overwhelming contradictoryevidence,” p12 and further, “once established,emotional habits and patternsand expectations of behavioral rewardsare difficult to fully eradicate.” p97Finally, as if recognizing the difficultyin effecting a full conversion, Burtonmerely hopes that people will come tothe point of saying, “I believe this orthat is right” rather than “I know it isright.” A rather weak response for sucha strong book. But perhaps that’s all wecan hope for.Dr. Wright is clinical professor emeritus ofMedicine at the University of Washington.He is a published poet. His address is:P.O. Box 761Edmonds, Washington 98020E-mail: jlwrig@comcast.netTechnological Medicine: TheChanging World of Doctorsand PatientsStanley Joel ReiserCambridge University Press, New York,2009. 203 pages plus references.Reviewed by Frederic W. Platt, MDIn the United States, we have the mostadvanced medicine in history. We aretechnological wizards wielding technologicalmiracles. Yet despite our greatachievements, we often fail to connectwith our patients. What is going on?How did we reach this point?Stanley Joel Reiser clarifies it all. Hebegins with Laennec and his inventionof a stethoscope, a wooden peg with alongitudinal hole. Reiser notes that:respect for female modesty andbodily privacy required male medicalattendants to refrain from modesof examination that trespassed onthese mores. Because of this problem,Laennec rejected the use ofauscultation on the patient he wasexamining.[But] . . . he recalled . . . a wellknown fact of acoustics, soundsgrow louder when they pass throughsolid bodies. . . p5After rolling up some papers he laterrecalled:being “not a little surprised andpleased, to find that I could therebyperceive the actions of the heartin a manner much more clear anddistinct than . . . by the immediateapplication of the ear.” p5The wooden peg came shortly after.Being able to learn the conditionof the human interior without havingto listen to the patient’s story, beingable to ask the patient to remain silentwhile the truth was divined, was a boonto physicians. Not only could they listento those clicks and murmurs, thosewheezes, crackles, and bronchial breathsounds, but they could put the patient’sThe Pharos/Autumn 2010 41

Reviews and reflectionsstory on the back burner. Physicianscould get closer to their key questionand its key answer: where is the disease?For the first time in history physicianscould learn something that the patientcould not know. Not only would thestethoscope distance patients from theirphysicians physically, but a metaphoricspace would open, a space that physicianstoday have difficulty bridging.Laennec’s invention was not the firsttechnological step forward in medicine,nor perhaps the most important,but today we still carry, and sometimesuse, variations on his little invention.Nor is this the first time Reiser wroteabout the stethoscope; he discussedit in a 1978 book, Technology and theReign of Medicine. Reiser even notedthat Laennec’s teacher, Corvisart, hadtranslated a 1761 monograph by LeopoldAuenbrugger, and that this translationprompted Laennec to create the firststethoscope.Reiser discusses some of his favoritetechnologies: the x-ray, the artificial kidney,the pressure ventilator, ultrasound,the obstetrical forceps, and the medicalrecord. Would you have considered themedical record a technological breakthrough?A mere hundred years ago fewdoctors kept written records about theirpatients. Our medical records have gonethrough many generations since and arenow becoming computerized, to ourbenefit and despair. As you considerthe history of medicine, what would getyour vote as the most important stepforward? Antibiotics? Vaccines? TheCAT and the MRI? Flexible endoscopes?Artificial knees and hips? My favorite isthe disease theory itself. Prior to 1700,The idea of balance—among thebasic constituents of the self, and ofthe self with the essential elementsof the natural and social world—wasthe foundation of treating illness andpreserving health. p132The linkage of the external environmentto health and illness isinnovatively, wisely, and elegantlyportrayed in the Hippocratic workAirs, Waters, Places. It advised physicians. . . to consider [the patient’s]situation, how it lies as to the windsand the rising of the sun . . . whetherit be naked and deficient in water, orwooded and well watered . . . and themode in which the inhabitants live,and what are their pursuits. p131Having edged into the twenty-firstcentury, it is difficult for us to realizethat medicine had focused on the environment,the patient’s emotional style,and the four humors for almost 2000years. But it did. Then, around 1700,largely through the work of ThomasSydenham and his colleagues, everythingchanged. Sydenham thought weshould classify diseases as we do otherentities of the natural world—plants oranimals. He wrote:Nature, in the production of disease,is uniform and consistent; so muchso, that for the same disease in differentpersons the symptoms are forthe most part the same; and the selfsame phenomena that you wouldobserve in the sickness of a Socratesyou would observe in the sickness ofa simpleton. 1From this he deduced that specificremedies could be found to treat thosespecific diseases. Aha! And what hashappened in the ensuing 300 years?We have become experts at disease.We study the causation, diagnosis, prevention,and treatment of disease. Andmedical education, all eight to twelveyears of it, has become an education indisease.But in the process we may fail to noticethat knees and elbows don’t comeinto our clinic unless surrounded by aperson. We may not care to learn howto relate to that person. And here’s therub. If we don’t realize that we are doctorsfor living persons, not injured jointsand ears, our patients may stop listeningto us, fail to follow our suggestions,and end up angry and dissatisfied. Weforget George Engel’s remark that oursis a unique profession in which the objectof our scrutiny is at the same timescrutinizing us!This is a fine piece of writing. Funto read, with an aha! on every page.Would you have imagined that the familyof obstetricians who invented theobstetrical forceps managed to keep ita secret for almost a century? Mightyou have expected that physicians arguedmightily against Laennec’s simplewooden tube because it made themmore like mechanics and less like wisemen? That every technological step forwardhad both proponents and detractors?Reiser’s prose is precise, lyrical,and entertaining. If I were asked toname a book that clarifies the heart ofmedicine, what we are really about, Iwould suggest Eric Cassell’s The Natureof Suffering and the Goals of Medicine.But if it is the history of medicine youare after, if you want to come to understandhow we got to where we stand todayand what that stance looks like, thevery best might be Stanley Joel Reiser’sTechnological Medicine: The ChangingWorld of Doctors and Patients.Reference1. Sydenham T. Medical ObservationsConcerning the History and Cure of AcuteDiseases. In: Latham RG, translator. TheWorks of Thomas Sydenham. Volume I.London: Sydenham Society; 1948: 15.Dr. Platt is a general internist in privatepractice and clinical professor of Medicineat the University of Colorado. His addressis:396 Steele StreetDenver, Colorado 80206E-mail: plattf@hotmail.com42 The Pharos/Autumn 2010

Letter to the editorNeither/norIn the Spring 2010 issue of ThePharos (pp. 26–33), Andrew Raduargues that existentialism has muchto offer the suffering patient and thetreating physician, contending that thisphilosophy liberates us to “create ourselvesas we go along, even when facedwith suffering and death.” p33However, despite its eloquent presentation,the approach advanced inRadu’s essay is unconvincing. He saysearly on that “existentialism advises usto reach mutual understanding throughour different personal approachesand to draw deeply from our subjectiveexperiences.” p27 This statementis not only vague, it is antithetical towhat existentialist philosophy actuallyargues. Jean-Paul Sartre asserted,“Man is nothing else but that whichhe makes of himself.” 1p28 This is thesupreme existentialist presupposition.In the play No Exit, Sartre has his characterGarcin declare, “Hell is—otherpeople!” 2p61 Why is hell other people?Because, in any universe containingmore than one person, individualfreedom is necessarily limited.One person can do whateverhe will, but millions ofpersons cannot do thesame without infringingon eachother’s freedom. I ask Dr. Radu, exactlyhow would such a worldview promote“mutual understanding through ourdifferent personal approaches”? p27The author goes on to argue theinadequacy of the Stoic and Epicureanworldviews. I join him in his critique ofthese philosophies, but I fail to see howexistentialism solves the problems attendantin Stoicism and Epicureanism.For instance, Radu says that “the Stoicmisses the valuable lessons and profoundknowledge that can be gainedonly through attachment and loss.” p29The existentialist is concerned withhow man should act in an absurd worldin which he knows he will die, and heelevates the will over the intellect—doingover knowing. As such, existentialismhas no “profound knowledge” tooffer either; it is concerned with thewill. Radu concedes as much when hesays that true knowledge is always abstractin an existentialist worldview.Radu’s apology for existentialismrefers to universal categories such as“people,” “human beings,” and “wholepersons.” But true existentialism deniesthe existence of these categories.Sartre said, “[T]here is no human nature,because there is no God to have aconception of it.” 1p28 Sartre unwittinglyinvokes a universal called “man,” butthat contradiction aside, he definitelyaffirms that there is no such thing ashuman essence for the existentialist.Radu fails to grasp this. It is fortunatenonetheless; a consistent existentialistwould say that humanness itself carriesno attendant dignity.Radu needs to be more critical ofexistentialism. The most critical remarkhe makes is, “Existentialism isoften viewed as bleak,” p30 as thoughsuch a critique is leveled from theoutside looking in. Not so. MartinHeidegger said the human experienceconsisted of being thrust into the worldarbitrarily and ultimately acceptingoneself as nothingness, a being-towarddeath.3 Sartre said that “man is . . .forlorn, for he cannot find anything todepend upon either within or outsidehimself,” 1p34 and resigned himself tothe idea that freedom is our greatestdoom. Albert Camus said the twochoices available to human beings arean absurd, meaningless existence onone hand, and suicide on the other. 4p144These bleak remarks come from theexistentialists themselves. Is that thekind of worldview that should directthe physician-patient relationship?Ultimately, existentialism is subjective,fatalistic anti-philosophy—whatC. Everett Koop and Francis Schaeffercalled “the modern irrationalism.” 4p145If there is a worldview that exudeshumanistic despair, it is existentialism.We would do well to practice medicineindependent of this philosophy thatwould leave us with our feet firmlyplanted in mid-air.References1. Sartre JP. Existentialism and Humanism.Mairet P, translator. London: Meuthen& Co.; 1948.2. Sartre JP. No Exit and The Flies.Gilbert S, translator. New York: Alfred A.Knopf; 1985.3. Heidegger M. Being and Time. StambaughJ, translator. Albany (NY): StateUniversity of New York Press; 1996.4. Schaeffer FA, Koop CE. WhateverHappened to the Human Race? Old Tappan(NJ): Fleming H. Revell Co.; 1979.Miles Otto Foltermann, MD(ΑΩΑ, The University of Texas atHouston, 2005)Houston, TexasThe Pharos/Autumn 2010 43

2010 Edward D. Harris Professionalism AwardThe Board of Directors of Alpha Omega Alpha is pleasedto announce the winners of the 2010 Edward D. HarrisProfessionalism Award. The award emphasizes AΩA’s commitmentto its belief that professionalism is a crucial facet of beinga physician, a quality that can be both taught and learned.Originally named the AΩA Professionalism Fellowship, theaward has been renamed to honor Edward D. Harris, thelongtime executive director of the society, who died in May.Applications were open to medical schools with active AΩAchapters. Faculty who have demonstrated personal dedicationto teaching and research in specific aspects of professionalismthat could be transferred directly to medical students orresident physicians were encouraged to apply for these funds.The winners of the 2010 Edward D. Harris ProfessionalismAward are:Louise Aronson, MD, MFAAssociate Clinical Professor ofMedicine, Division of Geriatrics,University of California, SanFrancisco, School of MedicineDr. Aronson received $20,000funding for her project, “Improvingthe Learning Environment forProfessionalism by Implementingand Assessing a Faculty DevelopmentProgram on Reflection.”Critical reflection is considered botha core component of professionalism and a tool useful in thepromotion and assessment of professionalism. Moreover,reflection allows both educators and learners to considerthose aspects of professionalism cited in the literature as inadequatelyaddressed by traditional approaches to professionalismeducation: the informal curriculum, clinical uncertaintyand behavioral gray areas, medical system complexities, thecontext and conflicts leading to unprofessional behaviors, andthe reasons students make the choices they do. Dr. Aronson’sproject is designed to improve the learning environmentfor professionalism by implementing a faculty developmentprogram on reflection and assessing its impact on educators’knowledge and attitudes about reflection, the feedback educatorsgive students on reflections related to the professionalismcompetency, and participants’ dissemination to other corefaculty of strategies for teaching reflection.C. Scott Hultman, MD, MBA,FACSChief and Program Director, UNCPlastic Surgery, Department ofSurgery at the University of NorthCarolina at Chapel Hill School ofMedicineDr. Hultman received $16,000 fundingfor his project, “Understanding andAchieving Professionalism in a SurgicalPractice.”Because few formal courses exist at the medical studentlevel to address professionalism in medicine, Dr. Hultman’sproject proposes adding an elective to the curriculum atthe UNC School of Medicine that introduces this importantconcept to the senior medical student. The suggested curriculumwill specifically address the conduct for surgeons intraining and in practice. The project is designed to improveknowledge, skills, and attitudes regarding professionalism, tounderstand the role of professionalism in a surgical practice,and to achieve and maintain competency in professionalism asa health care provider.Heather Johnston, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics,University of Chicago PritzkerSchool of MedicineShalini Reddy, MDAssociate Professor of Medicine,University of Chicago PritzkerSchool of MedicineDr. Johnston and Dr. Shalini received$14,000 for their project, “EnhancingProfessionalism in the DevelopingDoctor: The GROW (Guided ReflectiveOnline Writing) Project.”Educators have struggled with theoptimal format for teaching professionalismto students, and have foundsuccess in methods that are based oncontext and experience, such as the useof reflection to work through criticalevents. Purposeful and guided reflectioncan help students constructivelyanalyze events that shed a spotlight on the principles ofprofessionalism that are taught versus those espoused by theinformal curriculum. The project is designed to teach andfacilitate medical students’ purposeful and guided reflectionson professionalism beginning in the first year, and to enhancestudents’ self-efficacy in identifying and processing events thatimpact their professional development.44 The Pharos/Autumn 2010

2009/2010 Visiting ProfessorshipsBeginning in 2002, Alpha Omega Alpha’s board of directorsoffered every chapter the opportunity to host a visitingprofessor. Fifty-five chapters took advantage of the opportunityduring the 2009/2010 academic year to invite eminentpersons in American medicine to share their varied perspectiveson medicine and its practice.Following are the participating chapters, their councilors,and their visitors.ALABAMAUniversity of Alabama School of MedicineStephanie D. Reilly, MD, councilorJohn Tooker, MD, MBA, American College of PhysiciansUniversity of South Alabama College of MedicineT. J. Hundley, MD, FACP, councilorCharles S. Bryan, MD, MACP, FRCP (Edin), University of SouthCarolina School of MedicineARKANSASUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineC. James Graham, MD, councilorDonald P. Levine, MD, Wayne State University School ofMedicineCALIFORNIALoma Linda University School of MedicineSarah M. Roddy, MD, councilorJoanne M. Conroy, MD, AAMCUCLA David Geffen School of MedicineNeil H. Parker, MD, councilorRobert Wachter, MD, University of California, San Francisco,School of MedicineUniversity of California, San Francisco, School of MedicineSteven Z. Pantilat, MD, councilorRita Charon, MD, Columbia University College of Physicians andSurgeonsDISTRICT OF COLUMBIAThe George Washington University School of Medicine and HealthSciencesAlan G. Wasserman, MD, councilorWilliam Magee, DDS, MD, FACS, Magee-Rosenblum PlasticSurgery, Inc.FLORIDAUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineAlex J. Mechaber, MD, councilorStephen K. Klasko, MD, MBA, University of South FloridaCollege of MedicineUniversity of South Florida College of MedicinePatricia J. Emmanuel, MD, councilorDanielle Ofri, MD, PhD, DLitt (Hon), FACP, New York UniversitySchool of Medicine and the Bellevue Literary PressGEORGIAMedical College of Georgia School of MedicineClarence Joe, DMD, MD, councilorDouglas Paauw, MD, University of Washington School ofMedicineMorehouse School of MedicineFrances J. Dunston, MD, MPH, councilorRoger I. Glass, MD, PhD, National Institutes of HealthILLINOISLoyola University Chicago Stritch School of MedicineJohn A. Robinson, MD, councilorGail Hecht, MD, University of Illinois at Chicago College ofMedicineRosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science/The ChicagoMedical SchoolCathy J. Lazarus, MD, FACP, councilorEric Gall, MD, MACP, MACR, University of ArizonaSouthern Illinois University School of MedicineAndrew J. Varney, MD, councilorAlan Birtch, MD, professor emeritus, Southern Illinois UniversitySchool of MedicineUniversity of Chicago Division of the Biological Sciences PritzkerSchool of MedicineHolly J. Humphrey, MD, councilorJordan J. Cohen, MD, George Washington University School ofMedicine and Health SciencesINDIANAIndiana University School of MedicineRichard B. Gunderman, MD, PhD, councilorMark A. Malangoni, MD, Case Western Reserve UniversitySchool of MedicineIOWAUniversity of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of MedicineChrisopher Cooper, MD, councilorJay A. Rosenberger, DO, University of Iowa, Des Moines InternalMedicine, Methodist Plaza Internal MedicineKANSASUniversity of Kansas School of MedicineJeffrey M. Holzbeierlein, MD, councilorRobert Rich, MD, University of Alabama School of MedicineKENTUCKYUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineCharles Griffith, MD, councilorRalph Jozefowicz, MD, University of Rochester School ofMedicine and DentistryLOUISIANALouisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicinein New OrleansPeter M. C. DeBlieux, MD, councilorLeigh A. Neumayer, MD, University of Utah School of MedicineLouisiana State University School of Medicine at ShreveportJeffrey German, MD, councilorDouglas Levine, BA, MD, Mount Sinai School of Medicine ofNew York UniversityTulane University School of MedicineRussell W. Steele, MD, councilorRuth-Marie Fincher, MD, MACP, Medical College of GeorgiaSchool of MedicineMARYLANDJohns Hopkins University School of MedicinePeter E. Dans, MD councilorFred Schiffman, MD, the Warren Alpert Medical School ofBrown UniversityUniformed Services University of the Health Sciences F. EdwardHébert School of MedicineRobert E. Goldstein, MD, councilorKenneth Prager, MD, FACP, Columbia University College ofPhysicians and SurgeonsThe Pharos/Autumn 2010 45

Visiting professorshipsUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineDonna L. Parker, MD; Gary D. Plotnick, MD; Yvette Rooks, MD;councilorsJoshua Sharfstein, MD, U.S. Food and Drug AdministrationMICHIGANMichigan State University College of Human MedicineE. James Potchen, MD, councilorAlexa Canady, MD, Florida State University College of MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolCyril M. Grum, MD, councilorMary E. Tinetti, MD, Yale University School of MedicineMISSOURIUniversity of Missouri—Columbia School of MedicineThomas Selva, MD, councilorThomas Inui, ScM, MD, Indiana University School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri—Kansas City School of MedicineJohn Foxworth, PharmD, councilorJeffrey G. Wiese, MD, Tulane UniversityNEBRASKACreighton University School of MedicineWilliam J. Hunter, MD, councilorSteven Zweig, MD, University of Missouri—Columbia School ofMedicineUniversity of Nebraska College of MedicineJames R. O’Dell, MD, councilorGretchen Berggren, MD, Harvard School of Public HealthNEW JERSEYUMDNJ—New Jersey Medical SchoolRobert A. Schwartz, MD, MPH, councilorP. K. Carlton, MD, Lt. General, U.S. Air ForceNEW YORKAlbany Medical CollegeNeil Lempert, MD, councilorGary Gottlieb, MD, Brigham and Women’s/Faulkner HospitalsColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsJohn C. M. Brust, MD, councilorC. Ronald Kahn, MD, Harvard Medical SchoolState University of New York, Downstate Medical Center College ofMedicineArthur H. Wolintz, MD, councilorSamuel Packer, MD, New York University School of MedicineState University of New York, Upstate Medical University, College ofMedicineLynn M. Cleary, MD, councilorL. D. Britt, MD, Eastern Virginia Medical SchoolStony Brook University School of MedicalJack Fuhrer, MD, councilorSteven Galson, MD, MPH, Acting Surgeon General of the UnitedStatesNORTH CAROLINAThe Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina UniversityThomas G. Irons, MD, councilorJohn Gianopoulos, MD, Loyola University Chicago Stritch Schoolof MedicineWake Forest University Health Sciences School of MedicineK. Patrick Ober, MD, councilorJack Coulehan, MD, Stony Brook University School of MedicineOHIOOhio State University College of MedicineSheryl Pfeil, MD, councilorJonathan Woodson, MD, Boston University School of MedicineThe University of Toledo, College of MedicinePatricia J. Metting, PhD, councilorJohn E. Billi, MD, University of Michigan Medical SchoolWright State University Boonschoft School of MedicineLinda Barney, MD, councilorPaul Haidet, MD, MPH, Pennsylvania State University College ofMedicinePENNSYLVANIAJefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson UniversityClara A. Callahan, MD, councilorThomas J. Nasca, MD, MACP, ACGMEPennsylvania State University College of MedicineRobert G. Atnip, MD, councilorRussell RoseTemple University School of MedicineAmy Goldberg, MD, councilorSanjiv Chopra, MD, Harvard Medical SchoolPUERTO RICOPonce School of MedicineRafael Iván Iriarte, MD, councilorAmy Hutchinson, MD, Emory University School of MedicineUniversity of Puerto Rico School of MedicineHumberto Guiot, MD, councilorStephen Beeson, MD, Studer GroupSOUTH CAROLINAMedical University of South Carolina College of MedicineChristopher G. Pelic, MD, councilorMichael S. Saag, MD, University of Alabama School of MedicineUniversity of South Carolina School of MedicineJoshua T. Thornhill IV, MD, councilorWilliam P. Magee, DDS, MD, FACS, Eastern Virginia MedicalSchoolTENNESSEEUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of MedicineOwen Phillips, MD, councilorL. D. Britt, MD, MPH, Eastern Virginia Medical SchoolTEXASTexas A&M Health Science Center College of MedicineMark L. Montgomery, MD, councilorJohn Pierce, MD, Veterans Adminstration, U.S. Department ofVeterans AffairsTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of MedicineRobert C. Schutt, Jr., MD, councilorThomas P. Lutterbie, SRA International, Inc., Fairfax, VirginiaUniversity of Texas Medical Branch, University of Texas MedicalSchool at GalvestonLisa R. Farmer, MD, councilorRaymond Mis, DO, New England College of OsteopathicMedicineWASHINGTONUniversity of Washington School of MedicineDouglas S. Paauw, MD, councilorSerena Koenig, MD, Brigham and Women’s HospitalWEST VIRGINIAWest Virginia University School of MedicineMelanie Fisher, MD, MSc, councilorNancy H. Nielsen, MD, American Medical Association46 The Pharos/Autumn 2010

2009/2010 Medical Student Service Project AwardsBegun in 1993 as the Chapter of the Year award, this programwas intended to recognize outstanding contributionsmade by an AΩA chapter. In 1997, the program becamethe AΩA Chapter Development Award, aimed at encouragingongoing original and creative programs being carried out byAΩA chapters. In 2003, the program again changed to theAΩA Medical Student Service Project Award, available to anystudent or group or students at a school with an active AΩAchapter.Funds of up to $2000 per year, renewable for a second yearat $1000 and a third year at $500, are available to students toaid in the establishment or expansion of a medical studentservice project benefiting a school or its local community.One application per year per school is allowed, selected bythe school’s AΩA councilor and dean from the proposalssubmitted.Medical Student Service Projects funded by AΩA duringthe 2009/2010 school year were:CALIFORNIAKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLong Term Education of Beauticians on Tanning Beds and ItsAssociation with MelanomaUniversity of California, Irvine, School of MedicineMedical Initiative Against Homelessness (MIAH)FLORIDAUniversity of Florida College of MedicineMobile Gator (startup costs)ILLINOISRosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science/Chicago MedicalSchoolSTEP UPUniversity of Chicago Division of the Biological Sciences PritzkerSchool of MedicineProject Brotherhood-SNMA Partnership Proposal (renewed)University of Chicago Division of the Biological Sciences PritzkerSchool of MedicinePritzker Community Service FellowshipINDIANAIndiana University School of MedicineTaking Root in the Community—MS1 Class Service ProjectIOWAUniversity of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of MedicineHealth and Nutrition Curriculum in Local Elementary SchoolsLOUISIANALouisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicinein New OrleansPatient and Visitor Library Interim Hospital in New OrleansTulane University School of MedicineCovenant House: A community reproductive health centerMARYLANDJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineThe Student Preceptor ProgramMASSACHUSETTSBoston University School of Medicine9th Annual Haitian Health Career Seminar: EmergencyPreparedness, Relief and BeyondMICHIGANWayne State University School of MedicineRobert R. Frank Student Run Free Clinic (RRFSRFC)MINNESOTAMayo Medical SchoolWinter Warmth FestivalMISSOURIUniversity of Missouri—Kansas City School of MedicineSecond ServingsWashington University in St. Louis School of MedicineFarmers’ Market Nutrition ProgramNEW YORKMount Sinai School of Medicine of New York UniversityThe MedStart ProgramNew York Medical CollegeNYMC Careers in Medicine WebsiteSophie Davis School ofBiomedical Education of the City College of New YorkHealth Fair in Harlem (renewed)University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryCooking with the Community VolunteerWeill Cornell Medical CollegeWeill Cornell Youth Scholars Program (renewed)OHIOOhio State University College of MedicineBe the Change Health FairWright State University Boonschoft School of MedicineCommunity Collaborative Spring Food DrivePENNSYLVANIADrexel University College of MedicineAccessibility Adventure DayJefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson UniversityRefugee Health PartnersRHODE ISLANDThe Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityTwo Channels to Cambodian Patient Advocacy: Medical Student andPatient EducationSOUTH CAROLINAMedical University of South Carolina College of MedicineCOM Career NightUniversity of South Carolina School of MedicineFall Giving TreeTENNESSEEVanderbilt University School of MedicineShade Tree Family Clinic—Vaccine Outreach ProgramTEXASUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio School ofMedicineBEST (Breastfeeding Education and Support for Teenage Mothers)University of Texas Medical Branch, University of Texas MedicalSchool at GalvestonStay Shady! (renewed)The Pharos/Autumn 2010 47

2009/2010 Administrative Recognition AwardsThis award recognizes the AΩAchapter administrators who are soimportant to the functioning of thechapter. The nomination is made by thecouncilor or other officer of the chapter.A gift check is awarded to the individual,as well as a framed Certificate ofAppreciation.The following awards were made in2009/2010:ALABAMAUniversity of Alabama School of MedicineStephen Smith, PhDGEORGIAMorehouse School of MedicineDorothy ClairILLINOISUniversity of Chicago Division of theBiological Sciences Pritzker School ofMedicineKate BlytheSouthern Illinois University School ofMedicineKay DeFordINDIANAIndiana University School of MedicineRuth PattersonIOWAUniversity of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A.Carver College of MedicineJeannie PantherKANSASUniversity of Kansas School of MedicineValerie PoulsonLOUISIANALouisiana State University Health SciencesCenter School of Medicine in New OrleansBobbie MilletMARYLANDUniformed Services University of the HealthSciences F. Edward Hébert School ofMedicineDaphne ThomasMISSOURIUniversity of Missouri—Columbia School ofMedicineSuzanne NeffNEW YORKUniversity at Buffalo, School of Medicine andBiomedical Sciences, State University ofNew YorkSusan M. BurgerOHIOThe University of Toledo, College of MedicineArdella CrociOKLAHOMAUniversity of Oklahoma College of MedicineLeila M. McLeanPUERTO RICOUniversidad Central del Caribe School ofMedicineMilagros RodriguezSOUTH CAROLINAMedical University of South Carolina Collegeof MedicineMary Ann SnellUniversity of South Carolina School ofMedicineKaren DavidWISCONSINMedical College of WisconsinLesley MackCommemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary of a Medical LandmarkOn January 11, 1964, U.S. Surgeon General Luther Terryreleased what would become one of the most widely citeddocuments in the annals of medicine: Smoking and Health—Report of the Advisory Committee of the Surgeon General ofthe Public Health Service. The findings were blunt, sobering,and unequivocal: “Cigarette smoking is causally related to lungcancer in men; the magnitude of the effect of cigarette smokingoutweighs all other factors.”The landmark report proved to be the catalyst for broadbasedantismoking efforts in the United States and around theglobe. In the two decades following its publication, more than20 million Americans stopped smoking, resulting in a significantdecline in heart attacks and a slow but steady decrease inthe incidence of lung cancer in men.Yet cigarettes remain the most preventable cause of disabilityand death in the United States, killing more Americansthan AIDS, breast cancer, motor vehicle accidents, alcohol,illegal drugs, homicides, and suicides combined.Since 1980 sixty-five countries have issued stamps with ananti-smoking message, but the United States is not among them.Backed by twenty-two medical societies, a resolution wasapproved in June by the American Medical Associationthat calls upon physicians to urge the U.S. Citizens’ StampAdvisory Committee to issue a stamp commemorating thefiftieth anniversary of the Surgeon General’s Report in 2014.In support of this campaign, two companion exhibitions,curated by Alan Blum, MD (AΩA, Emory University, 1985),director of the University of Alabama Center for the Studyof Tobacco and Society, are available for display at museums,medical libraries, and other venues. “Dr. Luther Terry and thePublication of the Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking andHealth” and “Anti-Smoking Postage Stamps from Around theWorld” (featuring the collection of more than 130 anti-tobaccostamps and philatelic covers, amassed by retired Baton Rougechest physician James Lutschg, MD) will be on view at RoswellPark Cancer Institute for the rest of 2010. They will also beseen at the American Society of Clinical Oncology annualconference in June 2011.To preview the exhibitions: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1IRnOUuIn0To inquire about hosting the exhibitions, contact Dr. Blumat ablum@cchs.ua.edu.

2009/2010 Volunteer Clinical Faculty AwardsThe Alpha Omega Alpha Volunteer Clinical Faculty Awardis presented annually by local chapters to recognize communityphysicians who have contributed with distinction tothe education and training of medical students. AΩA providesa permanent plaque for each chapter’s dean’s office; a platewith the name of each year’s honoree may be added each yearthat the award is given. Honorees receive framed certificates.The recipients of this award in the 2009/2010 academic yearare listed below.ALABAMAUniversity of South Alabama College of MedicineLeonard S. RichCALIFORNIAUniversity of California, San Francisco, School of MedicineAlbert Yu, MD, MPH, MBADISTRICT OF COLUMBIAHoward University College of MedicineReginald D. Wills, MDThe George Washington University School of Medicine and HealthSciencesPaul Schlein, MDGEORGIAMorehouse School of MedicineLisa A. Counsell, MDILLINOISRosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science/The ChicagoMedical SchoolMelvin Wichter, MDUniversity of Chicago Division of the Biological Sciences PritzkerSchool of MedicineRichard Aronwald, MDINDIANAIndiana University School of MedicineTodd R. Bagwell, MDIOWAUniversity of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of MedicineNathaniel Meyer, MDKANSASUniversity of Kansas School of MedicineJennifer Brull, MDKENTUCKYUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineMichael Alt, DOLOUISIANALouisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicinein New OrleansMichael Kemp Amacker, MDLouisiana State University School of Medicine at ShreveportWilliam Norwood, MD, FACSTulane University School of MedicineVincent R. Adolph, MDMARYLANDJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineDavid Schwartz, MBBChUniformed Services University of the Health Sciences F. EdwardHébert School of MedicineAdam Saperstein, MDUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineLeonard Sowah, MDMICHIGANUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolBeth C. Kimball, MDMINNESOTAUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolCharles Horowitz, MDNEBRASKAUniversity of Nebraska College of MedicineBrian K. Buhlke, DONEW JERSEYUMDNJ—New Jersey Medical SchoolRichard Levandowski, MDNEW YORKMount Sinai School of Medicine of New York UniversityRichard A. Skolnik, MDNew York University School of MedicineNeal A. Lewin, MDState University of New York, Downstate Medical Center College ofMedicineGeorge N. Braman, MDState University of New York, Upstate Medical University, College ofMedicineMitchell Brodey, MDStony Brook University School of MedicineGeorge L. Hines, MDUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryLawrence N. Chessin, MDWeill Cornell Medical CollegeTimothy C. Dutta, MDNORTH DAKOTAUniversity of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health SciencesNapoleon Espejo, MDOHIOOhio State University College of MedicineDanilo Polonia, MDUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineBruce Allen, MDPENNSYLVANIADrexel University College of MedicineKevin Kasper, MDJefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson UniversityAnthony J. Macchiavelli, MDUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineVeena Dhar, MDSOUTH CAROLINAMedical University of South Carolina College of MedicineJames G. Ward, MDUniversity of South Carolina School of MedicineWilliam C. Giles, MDTEXASUniversity of Texas Medical School at HoustonDaniel G. Corredor, MD, FACEThe Pharos/Autumn 2010 49

Alpha Omega Alpha memberselected in 2009/2010Chapters are listed alphabetically by state, province, or country, then in order of charterALABAMAUniversity of Alabama School of Medicine, University of Alabama atBirmingham—Alpha AlabamaStudents: Victoria Shamblin Anderson, William Charles Barrow, Lindsay ElizabethBrown, Nathan Michael Bullington, Jennifer Lauren Burgess, Adam L Edwards,Joseph Tyler Fuqua, Eddie Lee Hyatt, Jacob Don Kelley, William Purvis Lancaster,Samuel Keener McElwee, Virginia Logue Menendez, Troy Elijah Mott, StephenPehler, Brandon Allen Perry, Zachary David Reardon, Stefanie Lycans Riddle, CleonLouis Rogers, Mark Edward Rogers, Christopher Paul Roth, Kyle J Rudemiller,Rebekah Joy Savage, Kyle William Schuller, Daniel Schuster, Shannon ElizabethSimpson, Inge Juljana Tamm-Daniels, Stephanie LeeAnn Wilson, Jonathan WilliamWrightFaculty: Ona Marie Faye-Petersen, Brian P GleasonHouse staff: Jamie Lin Erwin, Peter J Frederick, William Fish Marstellar IVUniversity of South Alabama College of Medicine—Beta AlabamaStudents: Tyler Paul Black, Russell Douglas Goode, Panayiotis Petros Grevenitis,Geoffrey Lewis Hancy, Brandon Winslett Kirkland, Ross Alexander Mullinax, AshleyD Myers, Michael Travis Pierce, Lauren Jennifer Platt, Ruchit R Shah, Rachel KristinaTraylorAlumni: Frank V deGruy IIIFaculty: Anthony L GardHouse staff: Manuel Damian RodriquezARIZONAUniversity of Arizona College of Medicine—Alpha ArizonaStudents: Sohail Abdi-Moradi, Nicola Jane Baker, Kathryn Elizabeth Bradley, JohnMichael Carter, Efrain Israel Cubillo IV, Amelia Kathleen Decker, Kevin PatrickEngelhardt, Veena Vanessa Goel, Jessica Erin Haley, Stephanie Elise Hartz, JulianaMichele Kling, Drew Joseph B Kurtzman, Vivian Lien, Connor Thomas Lundy, LoanThanh Pham, Christine Nicole Poach, Emily Nicole Prendergast, Minah Shin, LenkaStankovaAlumni:Faculty: Ronald E PustHouse staff: Wynter Nigel Phoenix, Thye Matthew SchuylerARKANSASUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Medicine—AlphaArkansasStudents: Kaete Alexandra Archer, Daine Thompson Bennett, Timothy Jay Bilbruck,Robert Wilder Bradsher III, Elizabeth Cottrill, Heather Christine Delahunt-Moore,Dragon Do, Jennifer Ileen Doyle, Megan Suzanne Evans, Adam Nicholas Franklin,Charles Marvin Gordon, David Sharpe Heister, Lauren Nash Hendrix, April MarieHill, Samuel Jordan House, James Wesley Stakesby Lewis, Colt Michael McClain,Michael Sean McLaughlin, Sean Necessary, Blake Andrew Phillips, Jennifer Raible,William Reyenga, Daniel Levi Shepherd, Courtney L Sick, Chase Douglas Smith,Justin WaldenAlumni: Paula Wyatt MorrisFaculty: Mark J Heulitt, Laura P JamesHouse staff: James Stewart Blachly, Rachel Howell KingCALIFORNIAUniversity of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine—AlphaCaliforniaStudents: Naomi Aloysia Adler, Heather Dawn Bennett, Tene Aneka Cage, DanielleMarie Chammas, Craig Chen, Allen C Cheng, Hao Jun Jonathan Chong, DanielJames Chrobak, Jordan M Cloyd, Taraneh Terry Farsani, Ari Benjamin Hoffman,Jennifer Lin Hsiao, Benjamin Huang, Nicholas James Johnson, Devin William Kehl,Mary Watson Montgomery, Sarah Uhler Morton, Venu M Nemani, Patrick MichaelNewman, Praveen Panguluri, Anna Theresa Panighetti, Adam David Schickedanz,Lawrence Raymond Shiow, Jed Wolpaw, April Joy Zaat, Harras Bin Zaid, Mary HuiZhangAlumni: Lee Rachel Atkinson-McEvoy, Alma M MartinezFaculty: Calvin Chou, Elisabeth Brayton WilsonHouse staff: Sami J Barmada, Jocelyn S Chapman, Damon E FrancisKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California—GammaCaliforniaStudents: Julianne Marie Awrey, Yekaterina Bakhta, Natalie Burns, PhilippeChampagne, Summer Puanani Chong, Erik Irvin Curtis, Alexis Elise Dixon, KellyTherese Erickson, Margaret Fleming, Jamie Lauren Funamura, Carolyn AlexanderGates, Andrea Halim, Ivan Peter Harnden, Michael Jesse Hendricks, Isabel Rey HueyHsu, Felicia Rachel Katz, Adrienne Marie Keener, Kathleen Lee Kiernan, Nicole MieMei-Oi Mau, Elana Halks Miller, Gina C Rossetti, Leah Ruslen, Stuart TomlinsonSchroff, Kathryn Lee Serowka, Grant Shifflett, Sergei Terterov, Justin Philip WagnerFaculty: Kenneth Allen Geller, Rayudu GopalakrishnaDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA—Delta CaliforniaStudents: Mary Lou Bui, Amanda Chao-Yu Chi, Jennifer A Fulcher, Caitlin LaurelGomez, Jonathan D Grant, Rebecca Jean Hammon, Osamu F Kaneko, Nicole MKhadavi, Mohammed Ali Khan, Jennifer Kung, Ryan Martin, Sarah E Medeiros,Amy Marie Metzger, Matthew Mossanen, Jacqueline C Newton, Rafee Obaidi, MollyQuinn, Sangeetha Meda Reddy, Adam Rees, Nicholas D Reese, Lobna Shahatto,David Shamouelian, Vatche Tchekmedyian, Dina Wallin, Chantel L Washington,Annie Rui Zhang, Zachary S ZumstegFaculty: Michael Wynn YehLoma Linda University School of Medicine—Epsilon CaliforniaStudents: Claire Andrews, Krysten Marie Bell, James Alan Chenoweth, MichaelChiang, Jessica Claridge, Blake Christopher Fowler, Howard David Guan, AllisonLinnea Hinz, Jason Hong, Shino Dorothy Magaki, William Wilbur Millard II, JanetModad, Jeremy Michael Moretz, William Soren Mortensen, Denise Palke, RobertQuigley, Stephen Joseph Rechenmacher, Jeniffer Sicalo, Michael Wisung Sim,Matthew Joel Storment, Luke Christopher Strnad, Chad Van Ginkel, Daniel EricWesterdahl, John Rawles WuchenichFaculty: Lynda Daniel-UnderwoodHouse staff: Cherie Amour Colbert, Michael John Orlich, David TurayUniversity of California, Irvine, School of Medicine—Zeta CaliforniaStudents: Scott Aaron Atkins, Nicholas S Boehling, Noah Canvasser, Jonathan HChen, Alexander Chao-Yu Chiang, William G Chu, Jonathan Joseph Falakassa,Pedram Ghasri, Emily Michelle Grant, Jacqueline Rowena Ho, Becky Annie Lim,Madhukar Shirish Patel, Jesus Gildardo Ulloa, Jason Warren, Edward C WuUniversity of California, Davis, School of Medicine—Eta CaliforniaStudents: Helen Bai, Blair Rosella Louise Colwell, Kendell Riley German, Charity BHope, Robin Anne Talcott Huffer, Margaret Lawless, Bill Ran Luo, Joshua PhillipMelvin, Karen Jenning Mu, Rasanamar Sandhu, Sonia Sonik-Spielvogel, ElizabethRose Stewart, David Trent, Tammy Shingpei Wan, Charles Qian YuHouse staff: Vishal GoyalCOLORADOUniversity of Colorado School of Medicine—Alpha CaliforniaStudents: John Deitrich Anderson, Erik Angles, Mim Ari, Sean Baran, Jerry Bodily,Keely Marie Chevallier, Kelly Ann Fair, Geoffrey Fasen, Patricia Monica Federczyk,Kelsey Flint, Laura Sturgess Huff, Jason Navid Mansoori, Brook Kim McConnell,Travis James Menge, Andrew Cook Nelson, Keri Jean Propst, Evan Michael Pushchak,Tyler Richard Reese, James Cameron Rose, Gina Leigh Schiel, Tierney A Sparks,Christopher Brett Warner, Julie Ann Weintraub, Kristina Linnea Welton, BryanPhillip WertDISTRICT OF COLUMBIAThe George Washington University School of Medicine and HealthSciences—Alpha District of ColumbiaStudents: Shivani Manhar Bhatt, Laura Crystal Cookman, Jaclyn L Davis, NatashaNikhil Desai, Marc F Dobrow, Kayla Terese Enriquez, Laura Ridgely Hatch, LisaRoselin Jacob, Michelle Anne Kaplinski, Steven V Kardos, Brian Edward Kaufman,Rachel E Kutteruf, Brian J Linder, Brian Scott Martell, Rachel Elana Mednick, KirstenPoehling Monaghan, Ryan James Mountjoy, Katherine Steinfeld Perry, PatriciaReutemann, Kirsten M Rose-Felker, Anjuli Shah, Edward J Silverman, Frank HoraceValone III, Christopher C Vanison, Maria Victoria Vargas, Lauren S Wade, Ajay DWadgaonkar, Robert Carlton WardFaculty: Karen Ann Blackstone, Thomas William JarrettHouse staff: Ashté Collins, Nihar Kiritkumar Patel, Palak ShahGeorgetown University School of Medicine—Beta District of ColumbiaStudents: Marika Alois, Aaron Conner Babb, Meghan Laura Bernier, Andrew JamesBraziel, Daniel Robert Bunker, Rachel Caravella, John Thomas Cardella, Trent DavidEmerick, Jill Elizabeth Euteneuer, Paul Nicolas Fiorilli, Michael Freeman Githens,Christopher Michael Jones, Scott Michael Karpowicz, Danielle Olivia Kaw, KentKwok Kin Lam, Robert William McDermott, Marie LaPenta McHenry, KathrynMaureen McKenna, Kathleen Genevieve Mitchell, Jason Paul Moran, Teresa JeanNasabzadeh, Caitlin O’Brien, Megan Carroll Paulus, Hubert Pham, Nicholas HenryPope, Kirsten Regalia, Carleen Marie Risaliti, John Anthony Savino III, Andrea MSpiker, Paul Joseph Switaj, Zachary Scott WallaceFaculty: James Francis Duffy SJHouse staff: Elizabeth Ashleigh David, Michelle Denise ZookHoward University College of Medicine—Gamma District of ColumbiaStudents: Elliot Amponsah Asare, Ugochukwu Onyibo Egolum, Aslam Ejaz, ZafirKalamadeen, Mariel Ames Kerr, Christina Nicole Lawson, Preeti Manavalan, StephenJames Martin, Luke Archer Neilans, Chinyere Ndidi Nwaneri, Jessica A O’Babatunde,Olusola Obayomi-Davies, Olaleke Oke, Islamiat O Olaribigbe, Sabrine Semoin,Kristen Marie Trulear, Jhade Woodall, Raymond Kenneth YoungAlumni: John Hubert Stewart, Anthony Evans WatkinsFaculty: Andre J Duerinckx, Kanwal Kumar GambhirHouse staff: Mohankumar KurukumbiFLORIDAUniversity of Miami Miller School of Medicine—Alpha FloridaStudents: Ian Blake Amber, Marissa Lea Anderson, Heidi Hansen Ashbaugh, RaheelBengali, Frank Bouchard Cortazar, Daniel M Cushman, Erin A Fender, Jessica Marie50 The Pharos/Autumn 2010

Figueroa, Holly Fish, Robert Cunningham Gerring, Stephen Eugene Guyette, IsaacStirling Jones, Mohamed Kaif, Isabel Anais Lamour, Ella Hoshuen Leung, Jessica MLinder, Alina Mercedes Lopez, Emilio Enrique Lopez, Sharon Lorraine McCartney,Paru D Mehta, Raja Mohan, Stephanie Olga Peacock, Timothy Jerad Rearick, IsaacHarry Ritter, Andrew Louis Ross, Jonathan Weiss, David Griffin WholeyAlumni: Gauri Agarwal, Jason L RadickFaculty: Jeffrey P Brosco, Matthias A SalatheHouse staff: Marcela A Ferrada, Marc Richard Gualtieri, Manuel L Ribeiro-NetoUniversity of Florida College of Medicine—Beta FloridaStudents: Sheyan Armaghani, Spencer H Bachow, Mara Alexa Clapp, KeirsunCrockett, Aaron David Falchook, John Henry Faryna, Jason Aaron Freed, JustinMichael Gomez, Jonathan Grant Harrell, Jonathan Kai Hu, John Paul Magulick,Timothy Nywening, Paul David O’Rourke, Drew Alexander Palmer, Glen ThomasRobinson, Christina E Rodriguez, Andrew Michael Romano, Naziya Samreen,Benjamin Charles Service, Jennifer Wilkinson, Brent Thomas Wise, Dong DawnYang, Gregory David YoungFaculty: Jamie Beth Conti, Maureen Anne NovakHouse staff: Christopher Lawrence Bray, Adam D Falchook, Ashish Kumar GuptaUniversity of South Florida College of Medicine—Gamma FloridaStudents: Bryan Joseph Allen, Brandon Brown, Andrew Rising Carey, Karan AnilDesai, Casey Erin Gooden, Michelle Grace Hamel, Gregory Shannon Henderson,James Trever Highsmith, Jarrod Adam Keeler, Menyoli Michael Malafa, Matthew WManry, Michaela Nguyen, Robert LeRoy Plews, Michael Allen Roberts, Melinda LeighShiver, Ryan Telford, Laura Anne Thornsberry, Philip Vuong Tran, Seth James Trifiro,Kristy Lynn WesighanAlumni: Richard Elmer WeibleyFaculty: H Juergen Nord, Kevin O’BrienHouse staff: Robert Ledford, Brice Thomas TaylorFlorida State University College of Medicine—Delta FloridaStudents: Brandon Russell Allen, Elizabeth Brooks, Michael William Hall, WilliamAdam Hammond, Jennifer Kinley, Melissa Lee Kozakiewicz, Christina AnnetteMcCall, Nicole Courtois McCoy, Molly McIntyre, Jimmy Lewis Moss Jr, EmilyTaylor Overholser, Kate Ross, Amanda Marie Sebring, Vanessa Vasquez, Eilene KalesWeibley, Katie Ann WolterGEORGIAMedical College of Georgia School of Medicine—Alpha GeorgiaStudents: John Bradley Allen, Beau Taylor Bryan, Charya Chhauv By, Justin ThomasCheeley, Amy Vinod Chudgar, Jarrod Craig, Brooks William Ficke, Melanie LynFreeman, Scotty Gadlin, Amy Reed Goss, Bronwen Ann Halstead-Nussloch, DavidJoseph Heinsch, Andrew Judson Hill IV, Matthew Preston Huges, Tracie CatherineHughes, Sara Johnston, Daniel McCollum, John LeCraw Mikell, Lauren CourtneyMitchell, Shalin Jitendra Patel, Jeff Ryan Petrie, Roja Chandrashekhar Pondicherry-Harish, David Elliot Roffwarg, Sirikishan Ramkishan Shetty, Adam Daniel Singer,Matthew Chesley Steele, Frank Durham Stegall, Matthew Garrett Stewart, HariMrugesh Trivedi, Blake Michael Troiani, Viren Sahai Vasudeva, Jeremy Clady Wells,Karen Brown WoodAlumni: W Thomas Jenkins, Julie LaCraw MikellFaculty: Walter ‘Ted’ Kuhn, Laura L MulloyHouse staff: Jason Odell Burnette, Jason Paul ChampagneEmory University School of Medicine—Beta GeorgiaStudents: Robert Beaulieu, Mary Jane Bryant, Robert William Contino, Aisha David,Theresa Mary Dulski, Samuel Aaron Funt, Kimberly Bogard Horner, Lauren AnnHudak, Laura Johnson, Osama N Kashlan, Lynn Hua Lee, Jessica Manning, CarrieAnn Nalisnick, Daxa Mahendra Patel, Adam G Perry, Luke Tyler Peterson, AdamBenjamin Prater, Jennifer Spicer, Amanda Wartner Stinger, Sean Robinson Stowell,Dane Todd, Berendena I Vander Tuig, Aaron David Weiss, Daron J Williams, ArielZodhiatesFaculty: Raymond James Kotwicki, Barbara J StollHouse staff: Jeremiah Deneve, Andrew Nathan Kobylivker, Ian NeelandMorehouse School of Medicine—Gamma GeorgiaStudents: Tiffany Marie Bell, Melinda Fernandez, Jennifer Lee Kim, Shreyas GirishMakwana, Celeste Miller, Cam Tu Nguyen, Jamie Francesca Nguyen, JessicaGowramma T ShanthaMercer University School of Medicine—Delta GeorgiaStudents: Daniel Aubrey Grace, Maribeth Banks Hamrick, Blake Steven Kimbrell,Jason Robert Laney, Tracy Lynn Nolan, Martin Daniel Rosenthal, Joshua PerkinsSimpson, Melissa McLane TaylorAlumni: Christopher Charles Moore, Oliver Christian WhippleFaculty: David C Parish, Leon Newton Sykes JrHouse staff: Jason Ryan Chapman, Eric Lee Long, B Darren PreuningerHAWAIIUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa John A Burns School of Medicine—AlphaHawaiiStudents: Scott Alexander Harvey, Eric Nicholas Lau, Andrew Lee Middleton,Heather Rose Kaipolani Miner, Heather Mitsuru Motonaga, Lynn Ly Ngo, KnewtonKazunori Sakata, Joshua Iokepa Santos, Ryan Makoto Sato, David Richard VealILLINOISUniversity of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine—Alpha IllinoisStudents: Jihan Akhtar, Catherine Anderton, Catherine Anderton, Alpheus BenjaminAppenheimer, Kristen Michelle Aquino, Meredith Blythe Barnes, David AlanBarounis, Jason Gary Bill, Heather Rose Binder-Jereb, Christopher Bohac, KatherineChen, Krista Jo Childress, Lucia Yun Chou, Bart Chwalisz, Vincent Michael Colin,Taylor Dennison, Farhan Farooqui, Panagiotis Flevaris, Jonathan Andrew Gehlbach,Christopher Mark Graves, Matthew D Hall, Suzanne Hatsumi Hiramatsu, SamuelL Hutson, Sachin Jain, Monique Kamaria, David Khatami, Esther Jean Kim, TiffanyKim, Joel David Kolmodin, Michael E Kralovec, Loryn K Kromrey, Pamela J Lang,Molly Kristine McMorrow, Eric R Mehlberg, Virginia Akua Mensah, Akhil Narang,Hammed Abidemi Ninalowo, Joshua Aaron Novak, Audrey Nuccio, Ephraim EdwardParent, Neel Bhaskar Patel, Ritbune Prakobkit, David Prigge, Sarah Ann Richman,Adam Joseph Sanchez, Rudi Scharnweber, Brian Edward Schwartz, Melina Shabani,Manthan R Shah, Kara Jane Simonson, Christopher T Sparrow, Joshua David Troyer,Renee Westley, Loren Zech, Bree Zimmerman, Loren David ZuiderveldFaculty: Ben Gerber, Martha SweeneyHouse staff: Giai Thieu LoUniversity of Chicago Division of the Biological Sciences Pritzker School ofMedicine—Beta IllinoisStudents: Mary Kathleen Bister, Markus Daniel Boos, Elizabeth Jane Brown, AhmedAziz Chaudhary, Meghan Ann Connett, Lindsay Amanda Finger, Jonathan Grinstein,Sara Alison Kalantari, Josephine Kim, Ryan Kohlbrenner, Charles Glen Kulwin,Drew Anderson Lansdown, Gautam Malhotra, Shanshan Mou, Cameron ElizabethNienaber, Michael Thomas Osborne, John Anthony Paro, Charlotte-Paige MelanieRolle, Geoffrey WoolNorthwestern University, The Feinberg School of Medicine—Gamma IllinoisStudents: Praveen Anchala, Beau Brinckerhoff, Melissa Joy Chen, Benjamin DavidCurrie, David Michael DiBardino, Leo L Han, Nikolas H Kazmers, Melissa Keene,Thomas Klumpner, Andrew Edward Kott, Christine Lin, Matthew David Lipton,Jeremy Scott Markowitz, Jessica Newman, Sarah Novis, Jason Oppenheimer, SenadOsmanovic, Matthew Patton, Martin Pham, Rachel Phelan, Amanda J Redig, TamikaSmith, Paul J Speicher, David Alan Vermylen, Diego Cole Villacis, Whitney ElizabethZirkleAlumni: Karen SheehanFaculty: Robert Listernick, Stanford T ShulmanHouse staff: William John Bulsiewicz, Katherine Anne Connor, Laleh GolkarMelstromChicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine andScience—Delta IllinoisStudents: Shant Ashdjian, Benjamin Joseph Aumiller, Sebastian Nathaniel Bienia,Oscar Pelayo Bravo, Stephanie Ann Carapetian, Shinn-Huey Shirley Chou, IshaDhingra, Wand Yee Gan, Akash Garg, Paula S Ginter, Mariah Lynn Hindes,Alexandar Jovanovich, Jordan Christopher Kawano, Natalia Kazakevich, ZaihleenShariff Keller, Isaac Kennedy, Nima Mehran, Craig Mescher, Megan Ann Mezera,Joelle Dominique Millikin, Walter Osias, Anthony Chapman Palmer, HemangKirkteekumar Pandya, Amit Patel, Chetak A Patel, Scott Aaron Ritterman, SarfarazSadruddin, Scott Jospeh Siglin, David Samuel Tager, Jillian Lee Theobald, AlexBarathan Theventhiran, Karen Elizabeth WrightAlumni: Erik Larsen, Mildred MG OlivierFaculty: Stuart Lewis GoldmanHouse staff: Vamsi Kiran Kodumuri, Param Puneet SinghLoyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine—Epsilon IllinoisStudents: Peter Harry Anastopoulos, Daniel Baluch, Tracy L Binius, AnthonyChristopher Brown, Joseph Daniel Campbell, Margaret Susan Carter, MatthewPierce Connor, Casey Andrew Dauw, Timothy F Feldmann, Lauren Hewell Fischer,Justin William Griffin, Claire Gushurst, Marc Edward Heincelman, Rana MarieHiggins, Umair M Jabbar, Eric Kamenetsky, Brad C Knox, Mary Alison Mahieu,Joseph Marmora, Moira Courtney McNulty, Megan Elizabeth Mietelski, Risha LiMoskalewicz, Bretton P Mularski, Ryan Joseph Estoesta Salvador, Karan K Shah,Ganesh SivarajanFaculty: Gregory GruenerHouse staff: Aaron Thomas GerdsRush Medical College of Rush University Medical Center—Zeta IllinoisStudents: Theresa M Adams, Mary Mercedes Bailey, Kristin Beaver, Julia MichelleBoll, Elizabeth Chruscinski, Kelly Colleen Cushing, Cullen Dutmer, Alison Freeman,Nicole Anne Friel, Julia Rose Howell, Faiyaaz Ahmad Kalimullah, Jennifer Losavio,Michele Lee Nassin, Aris Oates, Purvi Pravinchandra Patel, Matthew James Raday,David Joseph Ruta, Mina Sedrak, Eric Arthur Swanson, Anthony J WestonThe Pharos/Autumn 2010 51

New membersSouthern Illinois University School of Medicine—Eta IllinoisStudents: Sumer K Allensworth, Blake Cohen, Ashley Kohaus, Mark R Krohe, Minh-Bao Le, Adam Justin Rodos, Drew Allan Spencer, Mary Eileen Sterrett, Adam DonaldWallace, James Roy Waymack, Kendra Suzanne WoodsAlumni: Roxanne J GuyFaculty: Thomas Howard TarterHouse staff: Brooke M French, Masaya Higuchi, Abiy Kebede KelilINDIANAIndiana University School of Medicine—Alpha IndianaStudents: Erin Olivia Aakhus, Megan Anne Alderman, Tyler Stephen Arnold, AndrewJustin Bishop, Amber Brannan, Jared R Brosch, Abigail Faith Weliver Donnelly,Barrett B Fricke, Kyle Mark Harry, Laura Jean Hinkle, Michael L Hopen, Emily MarieHorvath, Anthony Christopher Illing, Elisa Anne Illing, David Alan Isaacs, Sarah BethJacob, Mark Matson Kaehr, Colleen Marie Kiernan, Hayley Knollman, Laura Kruter,Jordan D LeGout, Cathryn J Luria, Joseph Daniel Lutgring, John Paul Magno Manalo,John Ryan Martin, Kevin Charles McCammack, Emily Anne Merryman, JacobRyan Miller, Andrew Arthur Millis, Christopher Carl Muth, Emma Joy Nordstrom,Benjamin Gordon Northcutt, Michael Glenn O’Connor, John T O’Malley, RuchinPatel, Diana Marie Patterson, Anne E Penner, Benjamin Francis Redmon, TroyRoberson, Ian Cooper Sando, Zafar Sayed, Meghann Lynn Schenk, Chad E Tewell,Michael Cassimer Veronesi, Kimbre L Vogel, Katherine Anne VogesAlumni: Richard Thomas Beeler, Michele Smallwood SaysanaFaculty: David Alastair Flockhart, Robert J HavlikHouse staff: Paul Richard Crisostomo, Anthony David Kaiser, Laura Jean NelsonIOWAUniversity of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine—AlphaIowaStudents: Nusayba Ali Bagegni, Jennifer Lynn Baker, Anastasia V Bassis, NathanThomas Beins, Jill Marie Bowman, Shannon Elizabeth Cassel, Dianna Lynn Edwards,Andrew Elson, Elizabeth Hester Gauger, Jesus Eduardo Gomez, David WinthropHennessy, Katie Hoyme, Sobia Fehmi Khaja, Andrew Norbert Laczniak, Shannon LeeSchauer Leveridge, Nikolas S May, Jason Benjamin Mueller, Bryant G Oliverson, ErinPowell, Johanna Marie Savage, Bradley Steele Schoch, Harmony Schuttler, ElizabethAna Vanderah, Laura Joy Watkins, Jeffrey David Welder, Kija Marie Weldon, ScottGregory Westphal, Jospeh Robert Nelson ZabellAlumni: James Richard HubbardFaculty: Scott WilsonKANSASUniversity of Kansas School of Medicine—Alpha KansasStudents: Smita Aggarwal, Willis Barrow, Nathan S Cuka, David Michael Dupy,Sushant Govindan, Deborah A Holland, Megan Leigh Jones, Marcus Allen Kater,Sarah Latif, Cameron Ledford, Shelby Richard Lies, Jeffrey Desmond Markey, MalloryGlynnis Martinez, Kerri Ailene McGreal, Anne Katherine Miller, Stephanie YeagerMurray, Brooke L W Nesmith, Thuan Ba Nguyen, Erin Marie O’Brien, Devon Paul,Andrew Pirotte, Abhishek Ray, Katherine Seymour, Bruce Tjaden Jr, Zachary JonViets, Blair Wendlandt, Nicole Wieghard, Matthew Steven Wilson, Trenton C WrayAlumni: Lisa Starcke Gilmer, Jerry L OldFaculty: Michael L KennedyHouse staff: Gerhard Aron Fast, Lucas Pitts, Mayra Esperanza SanchezKENTUCKYUniversity of Louisville School of Medicine—Alpha KentuckyStudents: Sabra M Abner, Folasade A Ademosu, Ashley Lynn Alumbaugh, JosephDavid Bailey, Dustin Webb Dillon, Destinee Lucy Eakle, Rachel S Ford, Joel M Fritz,Mark Tye Haeberle, Lakshmi Kartha, Matthew Kelleher, Benjamin Klausing, SofyaKuznetsov, Mary Lacy, PariaEsmaily Majd, Elizabeth Lee Matera, Chester JosephMays, Justin Thomas Phillips, Luke Patrick Robinson, Sarina Sahetya, ZacharyRichard Simpson, Clint Marshall Tucker, Gregory C WilsonAlumni: Paige HertweckFaculty: Anthony J Casale, Henry Jerrold KaplanHouse staff: Christopher Robert Janowiecki, Brian M Plato, Mary Ann SandersUniversity of Kentucky College of Medicine—Beta KentuckyStudents: Cady Blackey, Joseph Allen Blackmon, Lindsay Block Blackmon, JosephClay Brown, Adam Gerard Cole, Borys Gvozdyev, Alan Montgomery Hall, JamesDonald Hawthorne III, Amanda Fleming Marsch, Marlena Nicole Mattingly, LucasHaynes Rifkin, Megan Song, Taylor Vaughan, Charlotte Marie Walter, Mark J YuhasFaculty: Cletus Savio Carvalho, Joseph A IoconoHouse staff: Michael Douglas Goble, Fadi R Makhoul, Kevin Harris SmithLEBANONAmerican University of Beirut School of Medicine—Alpha LebanonStudents: Salim Daouk, Lana Saleh Dbeibo, Ali El Mokdad, Abdallah El Sabbagh,Nathalie Malek El Ters, Rashed Ali Ghandour, Racha Zeid Halawi, Nemer JuniorRobert Muallem, Ibrahim Nassour, Wassim Abdul Razzak ShatilaHouse staff: Maya Georges Barake, Khaled M Musallam, Carlos NoujeimLOUISIANATulane University School of Medicine—Alpha LouisianaStudents: Robert Michael Bacigalupi, Shannon Kristina Barry, Laura Bateman, ToddBorenstein, Jenny Buck, Siu Ping Chin Feman, Jennifer Coleen Creedon, Joshua LeeDenson, Alex Fokin Jr, Sumitha Santhoshini Ganji, Brian Thomas Halbert, AlanJoseph Hathcock, Megan Maureen Henderson, Lucius Alexander Howell, KaterinaO Kimonis, Michael Marino, Garland Herring McQuinn, John Moscona, Glenn AlanMoulder, Melody Becnel Oncale, Arvind Kant Pandey, Christopher D Press, ReinaldoJames Quevedo, Renee Shiao, Camille Linick Stewart, Joseph TarsiaAlumni: Paul Krogstad, James E RobinsonFaculty: David Mushatt, Eboni Price-HaywoodHouse staff: Son Van Nguyen, Nicholas Joseph Van Sickels, David Christopher YuLouisiana State University School of Medicine in New Orleans—BetaLouisianaStudents: Christopher A Belfour, Stephanie Lynn Bourque, Zackary Paul Bruce,Paul Buzhardt, Jeffrey Reid Claiborne, Ryan K Couvillion, Daniel Michael Englert,Matthew Thomas Finn, Jesse Gills, Carrie Margaret Goodson, Ashley Ayo Guy,Vandon Joseph Habetz, Jonathan Morgan Hand, Elliot T Hardy, David PatrickKennedy, Brandon M Lopez, Christel Cary Malinski, McCall Guyton McDaniel,Bevan Ambus Myles, Rachel Ann Pastorek, Ana Paunovic, Wesley Ray Porta, EricJohn Schmidt, Jason R Schwartz, Andrew Bennett Sewell, Mark Winston Stalder,William Steffes, Lauren Michelle Thomassie, Mark Patrick Trahan, Catharine GraceWolfeAlumni: Catherine Marie Hebert, Gerard PenaFaculty: Murtuza Juzar Ali, Lee S EngelHouse staff: Patrick Greiffenstein, Emily B Kauffman, Davey L Prout JrLouisiana State University School of Medicine at Shreveport—GammaLouisianaStudents: Drexell Hunter Boggs, Jason Patrick Calligas, Christopher A Cefalu, BrianEdward Etier Jr, Jill Fruge, Joshua Paul Holstead, Kristopher Katira, Austin ThomasLash, Mathew John Mazoch, Jared Lundy Moss, Andrew Merlan Nida, Patrick RyanRedmond, Jamie L Rister, Kristopher Case Sanders, Matthew James Sewell, JesseArthur Standifer IIFaculty: Jan HoodMARYLANDJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine—Alpha MarylandStudents: Alexander Billiioux, Laura Cappelli, Steven Chen, Keith Curtis, MatthewJohn Czarny, Catherine Distler, Paul Doherty, Pavle Doroslovacki, Lauren ElizabethGraham, Andrew Hughes, Kristen Johnson, Karim Ladha, Damaris Nou, Eric Nou,Meghan O’Neill, Justin Schaffer, Melanie Schorr, Shannon J C Shan, Shan Tang, MayaSubbalakshmi Venkataramani, Khinh Ranh VoongAlumni: Neil M Bressler, Lee Hunter Riley IIIFaculty: Henry Brem, Francis GiardielloHouse staff: Charles Hugh Brown IV, Amy DeZern, Matthew WeissUniversity of Maryland School of Medicine—Beta MarylandStudents: Edward Hyunsun Ahn, Mariam Hassan Ayub, Jason Bradley Brill, LauraMarie Caputo, Stephanie Cha, Michael B Chang, Laura Figueroa-Phillips, Jamie LGoldberg, Michael Conrad Grant, Christian Richard Halvorson, Andrea Harriott,Kyle Hatten, Jenna Khan, Elizabeth Julianna Le, Nancy Ann Lentz, Stephen AndrewMcNutt, John D Morris, Jonas Allan Nelson, Omobonike O Oloruntoba, PaulWilliam Perdue Jr, Jacklyn Lindsay Quade, Sowmya Ravi, Casey Marie Rice, CharlesRutter, Meghna S Trivedi, Mamata Venepally, Linda XuAlumni: Ronald GoldnerFaculty: Joseph Patrick MartinezHouse staff: Temilolu Olayinka Aje, Adam D Friedlander, Leroy Brown VaughanUniformed Services University of the Health Sciences F Edward HébertSchool of Medicine—Gamma MarylandStudents: Tatyana Babina, Jeremy Baran, Jason Bingham, Stuart Kent Brigham,Gregory Thomas Chesnut, Paul Andrew Cripe, Nathan S Cutler, Diane UngosElegino-Steffens, Jason Foerter, Ian Funnell, Antonino Germana, Jason DavidHoskins, Dinchen Anna Jardine, Nathan Ross Kelsey, Gregory Ivan Kelts, AndrewChing-An Kung, David Alton Lindholm, Jonathan Michael Melzer, Eric GerardMeyer II, Matthew Michalowicz, Heather DeVane Mundy, Christopher Neil Premo,Katherine Helen Racicot, Kristen Elizabeth Saenger, Robert R Shawhan, KimberlyAnn Vance, Robert Vietor, Bryant James Webber, Thomas Joseph Willson, John IYoungFaculty: Jerri Curtis, David Robert WellingMASSACHUSETTSTufts University School of Medicine—Beta MassachusettsStudents: Claudia Bartolini, Christopher Boisselle, Marjory Bravard, Emily ElizabethBunce, Priya Chandra, Karen Elizabeth Glatfelter, Sarah Lauren Harkness, KarenElizabeth James, Arjun Nimalan Jeganathan, Laura Moynihan Kerr, Kathleen MaryKillilea, Juhee Lee, Michael Zvi Lerner, Jeffrey Michael Martin, Matthew Mifsud,Matthew Aaron Nitzberg, Nainesh Sharad Parikh, David Picker, Betzalel Reich,Kenneth Lee Roach, Christopher Sanchez Sales, Sara Schoenfeld, Clota Heazel Snow,Aferdita Spahillari, Sohil Raj Sud, Patrick Burke Sullivan, David Alexander Wang, AnaWeil, Jeffrey Harrison WilliamsFaculty: Robert A Kalish52 The Pharos/Autumn 2010

Boston University School of Medicine—Gamma MasschusettsStudents: Paul Bower, John Cuaron, Christopher D’Ardenne, Alexander DeHaan,Steven Deso, Daniel Faden, Sarah Regina Freilich, Ravi Garg, Mathew Geltzeiler,Justin Daniel Golden, Ashleigh Anna Halderman, Elizabeth Judith Housman, RyanHunt, Nicole Jaffe, Amy Judy, James Nicholas Kimbaris, Nitin Krishnaji Kulkarni,Jamal Abdoalah Nabhani, Patrick Hoi Ginn Redmond, Ari C Sacks, David A Salz,Matthew Sullivan, Matthew Watto, Emily Anne WelshAlumni: Marie Elizabeth McDonnellFaculty: Todd Michael HoaglandHouse staff: Jon David Dorfman, Amanda VestUniversity of Massachusetts Medical School—Delta MassachusettsStudents: Daniel Joseph Barker, Katharine Crawford Barnes, Lauren Busekroos,Katherine Cembrola Cembrola, Erik Domingues, Parag Goyal, Laura Hagopian, LydiaHelliwell, Maurice Francis Joyce III, Teri Tung Kleinberg, Alexis Carey Lawrence,Andrew Leone, David M Miller, Julia Claire Randall, Meghan Shea, Kyle David WoodAlumni: Carolyn Clancy, Thomas Emery ScammellFaculty: Nancy Marshall Fontneau, Robert ZwerdlingHouse staff: Anne Cameron Coates, Daisy Dylan Fischer, Nils HenningerMICHIGANUniversity of Michigan Medical School—Alpha MichiganStudents: Ketti Sophia Augusztiny, Lauren Andrea Bohm, Emily Jane Deringer,Katherine Mary Gast, Nava Geula, Jennifer Hasvold, Susan Mary Hiniker, MahaSada Jawad, Michael Sivash Khodadoust, Karen Anne Kinnaman, Alice D Lam,Rosalyn Elizabeth Maben, Jennifer Marie McDonald, Lowell Evan Michael, AaronCharles Miracle, Darren Morris, James Paul Reinhart, Lauren Anne Sanlorenzo, JuliaTheopisti Saraidaridis, David Shalowitz, Benjamin Singer, Christina Garcia Ulen,David Werny, Angela Christine Weyand, Andrew Yenphu Yew, John MontgomeryYost, Justin William ZumstegFaculty: Ameed Raoof, Cosmas J M VandevenWayne State University School of Medicine—Beta MichiganStudents: Marijana Atanasovski, Julian Barbat, Jane Elizabeth Beimer, Jaida CelesteBourke, Katherine Lynn Caretti, Erica Lynn Chimienti, David Crawford, Kunal SanjayDalal, Samantha S Dewundara, Iuliana Dit, Justin Richard Dueweke, Tim Ta-ChihFerng, Elizabeth Frayer, Ryan Matthew George, Alissa Karyn Gottesman, CiprianStefan Gradinaru, Pooja U Gupta, David Hackenson, Aaron Heindl, Levi JeffersonHilton, Levi Hinkelman, Adrienne M W Hoban, Taemyn Hollis, Sarah ElaineKenning, Brandon William King, Laura Ann Kitzmiller, Bonita D Kozma, AshleeEllen Krisko, Thomas Patrick LaRoche, Remy Rosario Lobo, Allison Long, RandeeCherie Miller, Mazen Mislmani, Brett Mollard, Jesse Douglas Morrison, Laura AshleyMost, David McKeon Prior, Jason Joseph Rose, Courtney Elizabeth Rowling, GurpriyaK Sethi, Edward Shields, Matthew Stemer, Justin Jay Stenz, Gilbert Siu Fai Tang, JesseJames Veenstra, Katherine Vitale, Leah Ashley Weitz, Benjamin Jay Workman, JosephYang, Daniel Aaron ZeldesAlumni: Monte Lance HarvillHouse staff: Eleazar Eduardo SotoMichigan State University College of Human Medicine—Gamma MichiganStudents: Staci Miriam Batchelder, Catherine Elizabeth Burger, Nikunj RashmikantChauhan, Katherine Elizabeth Clark, Kelly Ann Conley, Benjamin Thomas Ebner,Carrie Ann Fales, Michelle Gilmer, Meghan Regina Harper, Brian Christopher Hill,Peter Klaas Hoekman, Meaghan Renee Misiasz, Michael Douglas Peacock, AndrewLeonard Ray, Shawna Marie Ruple, Jeffrey Russell Sachs, Kara Melissa Jacobs Slifka,Stefanie Vincenzina Stachura, Joel Patrick Veldhouse, Shannon Joy VoogtAlumni: Michael James PotchenFaculty: Jose Goldman, Isoken Nicholas OlomuHouse staff: Chelsea Alisa Coston, Ashima Makol, Peter Hoang PhanMINNESOTAUniversity of Minnesota Medical School—Twin Cities—Alpha MinnesotaStudents: Jacob Scott Ankeny, Usman Anwer, Nicholas Schumacher Briese,Matthew D Cascino, Kevin Cavanaugh, Brittani Conway, Carmen Rebecca Dargis,Shireen Elizabeth de Sam Lazaro, Rebecca Donahue, Meghann Duffy, Lydia IoannaEleftheriou, Heidi L Erickson, Melanie Fearing, Adam Phillip Foss, Sarah AnneFrommer, Nathaniel Thomas Gaeckle, Nicole Gergen, Melissa Rae Haehn, LukeThomas Hafdahl, Elizabeth Ann M Johnson, Jennifer Kleinman, Lisa Kristine Koch,Virat Ashwin Madia, Sean Brady McAdams, Benjamin Miller, Shauna S Morrow,Mikal Nelson, John David Nerva, Maiken Ann Overton, Elizabeth Mae Petersen,Vanessa Raabe, Kevin Michael Flannery Rank, Samuel Gibson Rayner, Jon CharlesReich, Geoffrey Merritt Rutledge, Bridgette Marie Suri, J Allen Swanson Jr, ChristineThomas, Kelsey Ann Watt, Jeffrey Peter WillgingMISSISSIPPIUniversity of Mississippi School of Medicine—Alpha MississippiStudents: Matt Burford, Jay Oliver Craddock, Stacey Elizabeth Douglas, MichaelFoster, Benjamin Lucas Hodnett, Mark Gill Kosko, Elizabeth Spence Piazza, MarcusAndrew Presley, Katherine Leigh Ragland, Mark Andrew Runnels, Benjamin ForrestTillman, Helga Bacareza Vamenta-Morris, Joseph Verzwyvelt, Sidney Larken Ware,Shelby Young White, Ryan YatesMISSOURIWashington University in St Louis School of Medicine —Alpha MissouriStudents: Alexander William Aleem, Lauren Kali Biesbroeck, Bradley John Carra,Brian Francis Flaherty, John Michael Gansner, Michael John Geske, Kimberly MengHsu, Carlie Rebecca Kennedy, Peng Lei, Vanessa Ann Lewis, Jessica McAlister,Casey Kent McCullough, Bryce Abram Mendelsohn, Jason Alan Meyers, Eric AustinMillican, Lina Nayak, Gerald Johnstone Palagallo, Ira Hyman Schachar, ManjoolManoj Shah, Kavitha Rajeswari SivaramanAlumni: Herluf Gyde Lund Jr, William T ShearerFaculty: Dana Abendschein, David WindusHouse staff: Miranda Ming-Wai Lim, Robert Guy Neumann, Ben Julian PalancaSaint Louis University School of Medicine—Beta MissouriStudents: Michael G Azzam, Yvonne Ellen Bailey, Nathan Allen Cannon, KatherineAnn Fernandez, Daniel Kevin Holt, Amanda Nicole Kimber, Meghana Ram Kunkala,Nicholas J Kuntz, Kathryn B Leonard, Matthew Anthony Marino, Lindsey LeaMichaels, Gretchen Mae Oakley, Patrick Joseph Rose, Clare Elizabeth Rudolph,Joshua M Sappington, Andrew Gregory Silver, Courtney Anne Tobin, Laura ElizabethTranel, Yee Men WongUniversity of Missouri—Columbia School of Medicine—Gamma MissouriStudents: Adam A Alter, Anjali Patel Anders, Brett Charles Bade, Jordan MichaelBrown, Katie Elizabeth Cameron, Shelby Marie Dickison, Deiter James Duff, SavitaLeanne Fanta, Wesley Frevert, Matthew Edward Johnson, Mary Bridget Keegan,Linsey Jane Monaghan, Katherine (Kay) Anna Rodgers, Jason Andrew Showmaker,Mark Sucher, Stacy Michelle Syrcle, Theodore Seth ThomasAlumni: Todd Darian ShafferFaculty: Ghassan M Hammoud, Thomas P MawhinneyHouse staff: Clark Olavi Andelin, Jacob A QuickUniversity of Missouri—Kansas City School of Medicine—Delta MissouriStudents: Hasan Chowdhury, Maria Luisa Ciani, James Lewis Gentry, Allison SueGlass, Jared Scott Halpin, Will R Hotchkiss, Afrin Nahar Kamal, Justin WilliamLangan, Sagar Tushar Mehta, Spencer Menees, Miral Patel, Radhika KausalyaRavindran, Akta Sehgal, Lindsay Martin Smith, Zachary Lee SmithAlumni: Jeffrey David Kerby, Rahul Kumar KhareFaculty: James J MonganHouse staff: Jennifer Lynn Flint, Andrew Jacob Moore, Stephanie Anne ReidNEBRASKAUniversity of Nebraska College of Medicine—Alpha NebraskaStudents: Sara Elizabeth Brostrom, Steven Louis Gogela, Brian Craig Kitamura, JaredKvapil, Melissa Ann Langdon, Alex Charles Lesiak, Kendra Lesiak, Kristin MarieMcGregor, Gina Leigh Morgan, Melanie Ortleb, Jason Patera, Eric John Meyer Reed,Lyndsay Dale Schwab, Mark Murdoch Smith, Mark Joseph Stavas, Benjamin A>Teply, Joseph Jay Vavricek, Sarah Elizabeth WunderAlumni: Gretchen Glode Berggren, Warren BerggrenFaculty: Devin R Nickol, Weining Ken ZhenHouse staff: Aaron Todd Benner, Angela Jo Kratochvil-StavaCreighton University School of Medicine—Beta NebraskaStudents: Jennifer Kelly Beckman, David G Crockett, Rose Christine Gomes, ErinKathleen Ham, Jonathan Leo Hatch, Anne Brittany Haugen, Sarah Grace Herby,Thomas Joseph Jensen, Ashley Marie Lane, Michael Lanfranchi, Ryan Craig LeBaron,Christopher John Neeley, Brendan Joseph O’Connor, Amanda L Oertli, Allison NicoleRasband-Lindquist, John Thomas Ratelle, Tara Lynn Sabby, Douglas Snodgrass, ErikStites, Kaitlyn Marie WeidenbachFaculty: Chhanda Bewtra, Sumeet Kumar MittalHouse staff: Jamil Yousef Abuzetun, Shipra Arya, Senthil ThambidoraiNEVADAUniversity of Nevada School of Medicine—Alpha NevadaStudents: Benjamin Jared Allen, Derek Brady Covington, Chantelle Marie DeCroff,Kristina Doris Eaton, Lisa Ann Kafchinski, Jason Daniel Michaels, Erik Joseph Olson,Erin Marie Royal, Timothy David Struve, Chad WattsFaculty: Miriam Bar-on, Richard Caringal BaynosaNEW HAMPSHIREDartmouth Medical School—Alpha New HampshireStudents: Laura Gillian Amar-Dolan, Dana Carne, Kimberly Beth Cartmill, AlissaJeanne Curda, Sarah Kathleen Dotters-Katz, Michael Guilliver Erkkinen, Noah JHoffman, Chetan Prakash Huded, Nicholas G Maldonado, Jessica Ann Morgan, ZievBen Moses, Aimee Rosann Peck, Christopher Ryan Russo, Sherzana Sunderji, MarkDouglas TysonAlumni: Sarah Garlan Johansen, Edward Jonathan MerrensFaculty: Joseph Peter Cravero, Susan Marie PepinHouse staff: Antonia Altomare, Christina Janelle Azevedo, Jonathan TrumbullHuntingtonNEW JERSEYUniversity of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood JohnsonMedical School—Alpha New JerseyStudents: David Matthew Bennett, Bryan Thomas Burke, Alessia Carluccio, MichaelB DiGiacomo, Kelly Elizabeth Fabrega, Brian David Fernholz, Travis Cron Foster,The Pharos/Autumn 2010 53

New membersAlison Grazioli, Gowtham Jonna, Noreen Patricia Kelly, Dallas Kingsbury, LauraLongo, Caitlin Martin, Nicole Irene Montgomery, Erin Patricia Murphy, Molly RoseNadelson, Chiti Parikh, Dupal R Patel, Shanon Thomas Peter, Julianne Pupa, MatthewDouglas Saybolt, Danielle Marie Sciorra, Christopher Philip Sereni, Margarita MarieSergonis, Anjali B Sheth, Alan Sing, Neil Kanth Taunk, Julia Ham Terhune, MatthewDavid Treiser, Wan-Ju WuAlumni: Jeffrey Neil BruceFaculty: Anthony Tobia, Stephen TrzeciakHouse staff: Terrence Curran, Fedele DePalmaUMDNJ—New Jersey Medical School—Beta New JerseyStudents: Mafudia Abibatu Bangura, John Henry Bast, Chinmoy Bhate, Adam Chen,Isaac Chu, Brian Do, Summer Elshenawy, Eugene Daniel Festa, Michaela Grace Ibach,Michael B Jacoby, Neil Kapadia, Mary Elizabeth Kelleher, Michael Klodnicki, MonicaKoncicki, Timothy Meehan, Haresh Vijay Naringrekar, Kevin Paul O’Donnell, JosephBenton Oliver, Laju M Patel, Shriji Patel, Chuanxing Qu, Nakul P Raykar, WilliamHenry Rossy, Shannon Frances Scrudato, Amit Sharma, Douglas Michael Smith,Kathleen Sullivan, Nikhil Thaker, Ashley Gayle Winter, Ronald ZvitiFaculty: Rajendra KapilaHouse staff: Vadim PisarenkoNEW MEXICOUniversity of New Mexico School of Medicine—Alpha New MexicoStudents: Sean Biggs, Jeremiah Manuel Bustos, Kenneth Michael Downes, KathlynJoan Drexler, Coughi Camille Edens, Joshua Frederiksen, Heidi Hillesland, MichelleRae Longmire, Jill Katherine Oldewage, Brandon Robert Peterson, Dustin RichterFaculty: Martha Cole McGrew, Alan Garlett WaxmanHouse staff: Pablo Garcia, Tony B Salazar, Selina SilvaNEW YORKColumbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons—Alpha New YorkStudents: Mohsin S Ahmed, Priya Batra, Mauer Biscotti, Alexandra Jane Borst, LauraN Brenner, Adam M Buck, Alison B Callahan, Louisa Canham, Peter N Chalmers,Elizabeth J Diver, Erica DaVonne Farrand, Magni Hamso, Kathie Kai Huang, RyanMichael Joshi Ivie, Michael Ma, Robert Allen McGovern III, Martha R Neagu, KristenA Pastor, Ravi Pathak, Sara Plett, Alvin Rishi Rajkomar, Katelyn Smithling, MoeunSon, Robert A Sorabella, Mary L Stevenson, Danielle Trief, Emily A Vail, Matthew JWeinstockWeill Cornell Medical College—Beta New YorkStudents: Konstantinos John Arnaoutakis, Wesley Hurst Clark, Audrey DianeCrummey, Sandra Marie Demars, Narat Eungdamrong, Daniel Joseph Friedman,Katharine Corbett Goheen, Jonathan Stanley Gordin, Erica Lisa Greenberg, ChloeElectra Hill, Michael Adrian Klufas, Sarah Lewis, Alison Brooke Santopolo May,Anthony Ehren Rosen, Sarah Hall Schaefer, Allison Raye SchulmanState University of New York, Upstate Medical University, College ofMedicine—Gamma New YorkStudents: Sarah L Averill, Niladri Basu, Jeffrey A Belair, Caitlin Bernard, DouglasMichael Hildrew, Quynh N Hoang, Katharine Driscoll Maglione, Sean RobertMcMahon, Jonathan Naysan, Julie M Rombaut, Michael Francis Sorrentino, CharlesNicholas WeberAlumni: Blanche Antionette Borzell, Joseph William HinterbergerFaculty: Kwame Sarpong AmankwahHouse staff: Matthew Bryant Crowell, Pankaj Mehta, Sekou Robertson RawlinsNew York University School of Medicine—Delta New YorkStudents: Marra Gillian Ackerman, Joshua Will Allen-Dicker, Alana Rose Amarosa,Bradley Stephen Bloom, Arlene Sujin Chung, Thomas Michael Facelle, Ely RichardFelker, Emily Ford, Benjamin Hairan Ge, Luba Gulyaeva, Elizabeth Price Gurney,Robert Raymond Kule, Jesse Miller Lewin, Evan Seth Marlin, Michelle Mergenthal,Ryan William Morgan, Rose O’Rourke, Carly Browning Oboudiyat, Rushi Parikh,Derek Daniel Reformat, Kathryn Ross, Lourdes Maria Sanso, Jeffrey Shyu, NathanielSmilowitz, Emily Frank Stamell, Bobby A Tajudeen, Jolyn Sharpe Taylor, VitalyTerushkin, Patrick Robert Varley, Amelia Mackenzie Wnorowski, Edward WilliamZaghaAlumni: Fritz Francois, Burton D RoseFaculty: Iman Osman, Harvey I PassUniversity at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, StateUniversity of New York—Epsilon New YorkStudents: Jessica B Badlam, Brian P Batt, Jamie Benway, Joyce Meng-Tin Chang,Samantha Chase, Angela Rose Girvin, Elizabeth Anne Gruber-Brem, Darren MichaelHuffman, Sara Hylwa, Jennifer Lee Jung, Anjum Faruk Koreishi, Allana Krolikowski,Evan Leibu, Allie Marie Massaro, Gina Matteson, Justin Mazzillo, Scott R Nodzo, JeetPatel, Melissa Lynn Rayhill, Arsalan Q Shabbir, Lisa Marie Stabel, Jonathan J Stone,Ashley WentworthFaculty: David M. HolmesUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry—Zeta New YorkStudents: Jennifer Rhoda Abrams, Joshua Burton Brown, Laurence Donahue, TracyLynn Fuhrmann, Romeo Regi Galang III, Samuel Horr, Brian Paul Jenssen], AjayEapen Kuriyan, Andrew Hall Marky, Marlene Theresa Mathews, David JonathanMener, Christine Marie Osborne, David Henry Perlmutter, William Joseph Sauer,Jeremy Sinkin, Leslie Kathryn VilkhuAlumni: Dennis Harry KrausFaculty: Rabih M SalloumHouse staff: Constantine Farmakidis, Miranda Harris-GlockerState University of New York, Downstate Medical Center College ofMedicine—Eta New YorkStudents: Alexandre Paul Ancheta, Robert Brownell, Jeffrey Thomas Bruckel, YairChaya, Ivanka Choumanova, Ilana Juliett DeLuca, Gregory S Dibelius, Fara Friedman,Elizabeth A Gancher, Kelly James Givens, Jeffrey Gusenburg, Chenchan Huang, SaraElizabeth Kopple, Eugenia C Kuo, Timothy Connor Leupp, Elie Boaz Lowenstein,Oleg Mironov, Franklin Nwoke, Susan E Pesci, Emily Lauren Robbins, GiorgioAntonio Roccaro, Annaheta Salajegheh, Nicholas Spartan Santavicca, DominickSantoriello, Guy Savir, Avraham Sofer, Sherwin Leu Su, Jennifer Sweet, Louise MarieTruong, Alexander VolodarskiyAlumni: Samuel Packer, Andrew Charles YachtFaculty: Salvatore J A Sclafani, George A VasHouse staff: Graciela Beatriz De Jesus, Marina Kogut, Brandon George SmagloAlbany Medical College—Theta New YorkStudents: Alin Lina Akopians, David E Auringer, Jesse Tao Buedefeldt-Pollard,Erin Marie Cooney-Qualter, Justin Corey DeWillers, Erika Beth Ebert, Jeremy MEsposito, Greg Everett Gin, Rashmi Jayadevan, Melissa Dawn Kivitz, Karilyn TheresaMelanie Larkin, Tsang Lau, Frank S Lin, Lindsey Adair MacFarlane, Julia A Mathew,Lindsey Ann Tillack, Amanda Marie Tower, Timothy Y Tran, Jenanan PrakashaVairavamurthy, Mae Whelan, Jennifer Wootten, Edmund S Wu, Devin StephenZarkowskyFaculty: John Hinty Burton, John W SimonNew York Medical College—Iota New YorkStudents: Kerry Apostolo, Timothy Paul Capecchi, Jessica Clima, Jacqueline MarieCook, Rachel Dahlborg, Matthew Dattwyler, Adam Ryan Demner, Ezra Detroy,Amanda Jane Fantry, James Felker, Patricia Fermin, Heidrun Elizabeth Gollogly, JohnPatrick Curtis Gonzales, Jennifer Tome Higa, Shipra Hingorany, Miriam Kishinevsky,Andrew Steffes Korson, Megan Rae Linnebur, Jessica May, Hristina N Natcheva, NitaNayak, Jennifer Anne Nowak, Julie Rice, Daniel Ricotta, Jordan Isaac Roth, Jayne BRozelle, Lauren Spring, Jamie Stratton, David Tian, Edward YapAlumni: John Joseph Degliuomini, Joanna PessolanoFaculty: Jay D Draoua, Ray WhittAlbert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University—Kappa New YorkStudents: Alaleh Akhavan, Lukas Robert Austin-Page, Revekka Babayev, Adam FinnBinder, Laura Eve Brown, Kathleen Mary Buchheit, Yu Chen, Larissa Ann Chismar,Matthew Czaja, Izak Faiena, Jonathan Ross Groden, Evan Kandler Grove, NancyHabib, Margo Shawn Harrison, Svetlana Sarah Kachan-Liu, David Khalil, SameerKumar Kulkarni, Nicholas Kwaan, Brenda F Levy, Caitlin Patricia McMullen, YolandaMichetti, Troy Anthony Miles, Jonathan U Peled, Jennifer Ann Schaub, JessicaSchreiber-Zinaman, Natasha Shapiro, Alan T Sheyman, David Greenfield Snetman,Ari Spiro, Angela Mable Trinh, Danielle Justine Usatin, Roger E Wiltfong, SarahMarie YannascoliFaculty: Amy Emanuela KesselmanMount Sinai School of Medicine of New York University—Lambda New YorkStudents: Tara E Albano, Luke John Benvenuto, Mai-Khanh Bui-Duy, Justin Chan,Lora Rabin Dagi, Ralph Michael DeBiasi, German Echeverry, Naamit KurshanGerber, Lisa Michelle Hammond, Jonathan Lee, Rebecca Lucy Luckett, Emily ClaireMcClung, Alexander James Millman, Courtney Nagel, Meghan Pearl, AndreaSchwartz, Sheryl Serbowicz, Maria Widmar, Lauren ZajacAlumni: Daniel Caplivski, June KimFaculty: Katherine T Chen, Edward John RonanHouse staff: Edward Chan, Brian Marc Elliott, Ilene B GoldsteinStony Brook University Medical Center School of Medicine—Mu New YorkStudents: Kristen Ann Aliano, Yelena Bogdan, Kenneth Friedman, Sara Kalkhoran,Mahsa Hoshmand Kochi, Kevin Lai, Daniel J Lee, Lorena LoVerde, Amar BuddhadevManvar, James E Miranda, Eugene Jon Pietzak III, Michaela Danielle Restivo, MarkSnyder, Brandon Scott Sprung, Ashley Ward, Benjamin YamAlumni: Scott JohnsonFaculty: William L Jungers, Daniel YellonNORTH CAROLINADuke University School of Medicine—Alpha North CarolinaStudents: Matthew Murray Crowe, Susan Emmett, McKinley Glover, StephenCannada Harward, Robert Andrew Henderson, Michael Hodavance, Elmer PhilipLehman IV, Wenjing Liu, Paula Pecen, Matan Isaac Setton, Lauren Rebecca Simel,Weiyi Tan, Richard Christopher Waters, David Alan Watkins, Tyler Steven Watters,Caroline Eva YeagerAlumni: Edward Hecht BossenFaculty: Sharon Fridovich Freedman, Cynthia ShortellHouse staff: Brent Allen HanksWake Forest University Health Sciences (School of Medicine)—Beta NorthCarolinaStudents: Timothy Bruce Alton, Hoyt Randall Beard, Joseph Charles Benjamin,Bradley Edward Bowen, Ashley Renee Brown, Michelle Lynn Bryan, Snow Daws,Michael Wayne Evans, Stuart David Ginn, Ilya Gorbachinsky, Matthew Ryan Grace,Kathleen Harknett, Jessica Lynn Hata, Elizabeth B Hunt, Christopher Hunter, WilliamP Huntington, Ida Sheevaun Khaki, Dylan Corey Lippert, Emily Myers Mann, CarrieElizabeth Quinn McCloskey, Todd Peacock, Jeremy WebbAlumni: Gary Lon Morgan54 The Pharos/Autumn 2010

Faculty: Tamison Jewett, Vinay ThohanHouse staff: Montgomery Lee Roberts, Oliver Adrian VarbanUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine—GammaNorth CarolinaStudents: Michael Joseph Adelman, Shereen Azam Alavian, Craig Joseph Baden,Kaitlyn Marie Bailey, Joshua Berkowitz, Jason E Blatt, Ross Mathew Boyce, AshmitaChatterjee, Steven H Cook, Casey Jae Davis, Joshua Seth Davis, Matthew MorrisDedmon, Bradley C Fetzer, Maria Katherine Henry, Christopher Horvat, MatthewRamseur McDaniel, Charles Brandon Mitchell, Nathan Montgomery, HaleyBurchfield Ringwood, Alyssa Darcelle Searles, Lauren Claire Smith, Abhineet Uppal,Daniel Paul Verges, Sally D WoodAlumni: Leonard Alden ParkerFaculty: Luis A Diaz, Hong Jin KimHouse staff: James Darrell Laudate, Allen Fletcher Marshall, Lucas WymoreThe Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University—Delta NorthCarolinaStudents: Phillip Andrew Austin, Linda Bridges Bialobrzeski, Michael Brian Burris,Natalie Lucas Davies, Stephen Wayne Davies, Natalie Desouza, Hayley MichelleFischer-Hayes, Samuel Allen Hayes, Steven Todd Hobgood, Kathryn Leigh Idol-Xixis,Susan Ashley Morgan, Alexandra Te Stang, Neel George Thomas, Ying ZhangNORTH DAKOTAUniversity of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences—AlphaNorth DakotaStudents: Cameron Mark Charchenko, Amanda Jean Johnson, Emily Koeck, JustinLeBlanc, Jared Michael Mahylis, Erica Leigh Martin-Macintosh, Jeffrey Brian Nelson,Luke William Van Alstine, Tiffany Kristen WeberAlumni: Andrea Rochelle HowickFaculty: Joan Marie Connell, Erdal DiriHouse staff: Georges El Hoyek, Jay Martin MacGregor, Avish NagpalOHIOCase Western Reserve University School of Medicine—Alpha OhioStudents: Shannon Nicole Acker, Ashley D Alexander, Pamela MaryJane Aubert,Emi Elizabeth Bays, Stephanie Frances Chandler, Patrick Fitzgerald Elliott, NataliaGrindler, Ihab Halaweish, Michael Lee Hudson, Matthew Douglas Kalp, Allen Lam,Aaron Joseph Lindsay, Syed Saad Mahmood, Jovana Yanique Martin, Shibani Mukerji,Pankit Parikh, Morgan Kate Richards, Jonathon O Russell, Daniel Sand, Sarah BethSmith, Gregory Ward, Amber Nicole Watters, Nicholas James Wilson, Nina RWoldenbergFaculty: Elizabeth Dorr McKinleyUniversity of Cincinnati College of Medicine—Beta OhioStudents: Jared C Bentley, Catherine Callie Coombs, Elizabeth Courtney Crane-Sherman, Meghan M Crute, Lauren Elizabeth Dubas, Anne Marie Guappone, PatrickJames Haas, Aliecia Margeurite Hochhausler, Robert William Isfort, Heather Kaiser,Robert James Larke, William J Moravec, Rachael Nemcic, Robert Orlowski, NehaPatel, Allison Rose, John David Sargent, Kristin Anne Schmidlin, Jeffrey MichaelSutton, Paul Toste, Kara E von Zychlin, Michael James Wert, Willis Taylor Williams,Trisha Wise-Draper, Ke XieAlumni:Faculty: Karl Golnik, Joel TsevatHouse staff: Jocelyn Marie Logan-Collins, Udayakumar Navaneethan, Colby A WyattOhio State University College of Medicine—Gamma OhioStudents: Alicia Marie Alcamo, Clayton Bettin, Elaine Michele Binkley, Tirza MaryCostello, Peter Croft, Coral Xantia Day, Angela Fan Zhou Douglas, Taylor AndrewFinseth, Andrew David Foster, Haven Rebecca Garber, Aaron M Gerstenmaier,Patricia Anne Gilligan, James Wes Halderman, Elizabeth Halley, Jeffrey WilliamHawk, Vincent Ho, Brittany Belcastro Hubbell, Elizabeth Anne Huffman, JenniferLouise Hunnicutt, Rowan Karaman, Katelyn Elizabeth Krivchenia, Jeffrey IKutsikovich, Rein Lambrecht, Jessica Lynn Leadford, Bryan Jennings Liming, MaryElizabeth Mccrate, Michael Wesley Milks, Mary Sandquist, Mary Scaduto, ScottThomas Shemory, Janice R Shook, Rebecca Anne Sieber, Jennifer Sopkovich, ClaytonRobert Taylor, Kenneth D Varian, Kiersten WaltherAlumni: Clotilde Bowen, Francis Michael MinchFaculty: Michael Rhodes Grever, Richard Davis ShellHouse staff: Nicholas John Behrendt, Hallie Prescott, Erin Nicole RicciardiThe University of Toledo, College of Medicine—Delta OhioStudents: Patrick C Beeman, Jaime Michelle Bucher, Elvis Cami, George AndrewCarberry, Eric Dockter, Dustin Fleck, Amanda Irene Jan, Christina Sue Jenkins,Stephen C Johnson, Bruce Franz Kaufman, Derek Klaus, Adam Mahoney, EmilyMcDonnell, Bryan Moloney, Thomas Richard O’Toole, Anand Pattani, ClaytonRichard Perry, Brittany Raburn, Grant William Reed, Jessica Lynn Reynolds, WilliamPatrick Schmitt, Erica Sprague, Robert Brent Steiner, Jill Tseng, Jason Russell YoungAlumni: Donna A WoodsonFaculty: Maurice Manning, Gretchen TietjenWright State University Boonschoft School of Medicine—Epsilon OhioStudents: Erin Leigh Brattoli, Megan Marie Chambers, Jason R Ferrel, MelanieElizabeth Golembiewski, Jessica Erin Guyer, Jennifer King, Katrina Lambert, CrystalRose Lantz, Yuchun Grace Liao, Aminata N Mansaray, Laura Dawn Phillips-Chou,Shanthi S Ramesh, Jeffrey Scott Robinson, Lindsay Michael StollingsFaculty: Terry Lee CorrellHouse staff: Ryan Patrick Finnan, Christopher Thomas Manetta, MuddassirMehmoodNortheastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine—Zeta OhioStudents: Rachel Elizabeth Barron, Patrick Louis Brine, Michael Chichak, Kelly ACovey, Chad Patrick Henson, Donald Nicholas Hope, Brian Katz, Elena Kazimirko,Katherine A Kutney, David Lerner, Maria Emmeline Lim, Reema Mallick, Kevin Pan,Deepa D Patadia, Jennifer Michelle Rybka, Erin Smith, Sunpreet S Tandon, BrittainHammill Tulbert, Johanna Sharisse Wilson, Jeffrey Yang JrAlumni: Iain H Kalfas, Melissa Shannon KirvenFaculty: Thomas McDonald File Jr, James Scott YoungHouse staff: Lauren N Burns, George L Trimble IVOKLAHOMAUniversity of Oklahoma College of Medicine—Alpha OklahomaStudents: Jeffrey Belisle, Stephanie Lynn Boes, Cassandra Rae Duncan-Azadi, JoelDavid Dunn, Brandt Esplin, Jessica Rochelle Fesler, Tyson Dale Fisher, Blake DanielForcina, Paul Foreman, Sara Fransen Grace, Larissa Hines, Carla Holcomb, LisaHoleman, Michael Philip Hood, John Charles Kaufman, Thomas Lance Lane, KaylanLeigh Lawson, Yaohan Li, Julie Anne Linden, Brooke N McQueen, Gwendolyn KayNeel, Mary Samantha Paden, Christopher Rose, Crista Jean Thomas, Eric DavidThomas, Brandon Trojan, Ryan Joseph Trojan, Mary Elizabeth Turner, RebeccaJeanne Vana, Joshua Stephen Weingartner, Eric Sa WisenbaughOREGONOregon Health & Science University School of Medicine—AlphaStudents: Shivali Agnani, Alalia Berry, Erin Jean Braithwaite, Matthew Dale Brock,Jill Kathleen R Christensen, Jessica Lee Davis, Ryne Alexandra Didier, Jenna MarieDonaldson, John Phillip Dupaix, Laura Eastburn Keck, Zachariah Kramer, Evan Los,Megan Rose Lundeberg, Geoff Maly, Jonathan Robert Meserve, Kyle Edward Mouery,Kara Siegrist-Taylor, Anna Michelle Stagner, Tara Cathryn Stahla, Sean Summers,Rachel Marie Thomas, Jessica Lynn Voge, Wendy Leigh Walker, Brian RaymondWintersFaculty: Daniel Handel, Rebecca HarrisonHouse staff: Katherine Iossi, Andre Martin Mansoor, Taketo WatasePENNSYLVANIAJefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University—AlphaPennsylvaniaStudents: Victoria Marie Addis, Michael Christopher Aynardi, Shannon Nicole Bailey,Cameron M Bass, Irina Belinsky, John Smith Berry IV, Timothy Baldwin Brown,Sudeshna Chatterjee, Ryan Christopher Cleary, Karen Lynn Connolly, Jennifer LeaDavis, Ismar Dizdarevic, Danielle N Elliott, Matthew C Ferroni, Alithea Gabrellas,Geoffrey Steven Gaunay, Mudit Gilotra, Ian Patrick Hayden, Janae Kathleen Heath,Virginia Jackson, Robert Luke Kinner, Franklin Chong-Ho Lee, Patricia Anne Loftus,Aldo V Londino, Elizabeth Kyle Meehan, Sarah J Nagle, Timothy Eric Newhook,Arpan A Patel, Michael William Quartuccio, Nathan Russell Roberts, Elise Saddleton,Anish N Sen, Colin Lloyd Smith, Joshua Sommovilla, Erica B Stein, Renee Szumski,Kimberly Ann Tefft, Raya Terry, Kathryn McKinna Van Abel, Ryan van Hoff, ElliotWakeamFaculty: Demetrius H Bagley, Robert H RosenwasserHouse staff: Adam Luginbuhl, Ankitkumar Kirankumar PatelUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine—Beta PennsylvaniaStudents: Jane Ilana Bernstein, Lawrence Thomas Bish, Rachael Elizabeth Bonawitz,Beth Dolinsky, Kian Eftekhari, Lea Alexa Filippone, Brandon C Gabel, Ryan Grant,Marie Angelique Guerraty, Alexia Virginia Harrist, Rebecca Sylvie Isserman, NehaJeurkar, Amit Vikram Khera, Benjamin Monteverde Kleaveland, Susan CatherineLipsett, Sarah Longworth, Aura Maria Obando, Christina Shearer Palmer, AaronPaul, Megan Bye Richie, Anna Louise Ross, Jamie Catherine Timmons, MichaelAntonio Vella, Jessica Ann Volk, Jennifer L Weinberg, Anna Katharine Weiss,Anthony Joseph Wilson, Alexandra Nicole YurkovicFaculty: James S WhiteUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine—Gamma PennsylvaniaStudents: Neilly Ann Buckalew, Nadine Champsi, Bhumy Dave, Thomas W DeCato,Ian Gorovoy, Robert Frederick Groff, Kristen Nicole Gross, Jessica Sanna Kim, BrianChei-Fai Lau, Andrew Hans Leuenberger, Sunil Misra, Rachel Lynn Orler, MeeraSheffrin, Melissa Kay Stewart, Matthew James Stull, Sarah Brennan Sullivan, LauraJean Viccaro, Rachel Ren Wang, Karl Nicholas Yaeger, Zachary Andrew ZatorFaculty: Franklin Bontempo, Stephanie Buck DewarHouse staff: Michelle Moniz, Javier Salgado PogacnikDrexel University College of Medicine—Delta-ZetaStudents: Maire Abraham, Stephanie Ann Austin, Therese Bittermann, Rahul KumarBiyani, Jeffrey Brennan, Jillian Cronin Buhler, Nicholas Celano, Preston WyattChadwick, Sharon Deol, Timothy Liam Donegan, Lindsay Kathleen Finkas, TamirFriedman, David Galos, Robert Adam Goldfarb, Sujeet Govindan, Jared ChaseGrochowsky, Brianne Elizabeth Hackman, Scott S Harris, Meredith Anne Harrison,Megan Elizabeth Healy, Joann Beth Hunsberger, Jared Alan Johnstun, Krister J Jones,Rachel Bulbul Kadakia, Adam Trowbridge Lipman, Kristin Jeanne Livingston, PeterStewart Maropis, Amelia McLennan, Michael Joseph Messina, Brian Mosier, JoshuaCharles Obuch, Nathan Olson, Elizabeth Lynn Pinney, Sarah Sangnim Rhee, ShawnPaul Robinson, Amanda Celest Roof, Avnee Shah, Christa Marie Siebenburgen,The Pharos/Autumn 2010 55

New membersGregory Scott Smith, Vikas Thondapu, Shannon Lisa Tocchio, Pollianne Ward, JasonBen Winkler, Rosemary Yi, Shuhao ZhangAlumni: Carol L Carraccio, Donald M YealyFaculty: Bernard Abraham Eskin, Page MorahanHouse staff: Katherine Anne Gargiulo, Chileshe Nkonde, Lauren Jodie Van ScoyTemple University School of Medicine—Epsilon PennsylvaniaStudents: Daniel Joseph Ackerman, Sang Wook An, Bryn Anne Boslett, RobertJohn Brenchak, Brian Campfield, Marybeth Rose Concannon, Samantha EnglishDay, Leigh Anne DiCicco, Jonathan Finkel, Gurpreet Kaur Gill, Silke Heinisch, AmyElizabeth Hosmer, Lauren Elizabeth Krug, Andreas Michael Lamelas, Mollie AbigailLand, Barrett Little, Kelly Loftus, Tiffany Kay Lonchena, Robert Andrew Miller,Daniel Jon Mueller, Ann Marie Murray, Carolynn Joy Ainsworth Nassar, Adaobi INwaneshiuu, Michael O’Malley, Kim An Quach, Hannah Ravreby, Nathan ChrisTiedeken, Marc Tolley, Porshia Marie Tomlin, Anne Hemphill WarnerAlumni: Joseph J Thoder, Jacob W UfbergFaculty: Gilbert D’Alonzo, Robert Stephen FisherPennsylvania State University College of Medicine—Eta PennsylvaniaStudents: Steven A Azaravich, David Scott Baird, Annalee Morgan Baker, JonathanScott Bassett, Lindsey Alison Beers, Levi Potter Benson, Garret Wayne Choby,Andrea Beth Conway, Christopher Edwards, Galen Toye Foulke, Elizabeth AnnWesten Fountaine, Elisabeth R Garwood, Amanda Bird Gilmartin, Yan Ho, ChristineMarie Homcha, Jessica Lauren Hootnick, Nathan C Hull, Seth E Ilgenfritz, MatthewEugene Jansen, Afif Naji Kulaylat, Kelly Ann Laraway, Mark Joseph Masciocchi, RyanMichael Mitchell, Erin Lindsay Murata, Charles Michael Pagana, Brandon ShaneSmetana, Bozho Todorich, Christina Jayne Tofani, Jordan Anthony TorokFaculty: Michael Jay Green, Thomas J McGarrityHouse staff: Lillian Marie Erdahl, Jessica Lynn Henderson, Paul Howard Smith IIIPUERTO RICOUniversity of Puerto Rico School of Medicine—Alpha Puerto RicoStudents: Milliette Alvarado, Jose A Alvarez-Cardona, Idanis M Berrios-Morales,Eduardo J Colom-Beauchamp, Nydia Ymar Colon-Irizarry, Hector Javier Diaz, MariaEugenia Florian-Rodriguez, Stephanie Font-Diaz, Reinaldo Jose Fornaris, JessicaGonzalez-Hernandez, Luis Saul Lizardo-Sanchez, Ronald J Lopez-Cepero Mulero,Akram Mesleh-Shayeb, Ana Maria Pabon-Martinez, Leilanie Perez-Ramirez, SulimarRodriguez-Santiago, Jose E Velazquez-VegaAlumni: William Micheo, Carmen D ZorrillaFaculty: Yazmin Pedrogo, Sharee Ann UmpierreHouse staff: Keimari Mendez-MartinezPonce School of Medicine—Beta Puerto RicoStudents: Joanne E Castillo, Daryana Cruz, Nathania M Figueroa Guilliani, SimoneAmanda Neuwelt, Leah Ailed Orta Nieves, Yahaira Ortiz-Munoz, Ana-Marie RojasSol, Wilson Rovira-Pena, Frances G Tardy-RiveraFaculty: Idhaliz Flores-CalderaUniversidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine—Gamma Puerto RicoStudents: William Arroyo, Dorgam Badran, Luz Juliana Barahona, Daniela Carlos,Lisa Michelle Cruz-Aviles, Kelly Ughini De Souza, Jonathan Guerra, Sullafa MuftahKadura, Alejandro Lopez Araujo, Nilsa De Jesus RosarioAlumni: Wanda Ivelisse TorresFaculty: Frances Lynn Garcia, Luis A Irizarry-ReyesRHODE ISLANDThe Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University—Alpha RhodeIslandStudents: Andrew Allegretti, Andrew M Brunner, Margret W Chang, Jonah M Cohen,Vincent D Criscione, Michael Steven Gart, Isaac William Howley, Austin Larson,Joanna V MacLean, Charles Mitchell, Natalie J Nokoff, Eric J Palecek, Terence TaiWeng Sio, Mary B Sutter, William G Tsiaras, Juan Camilo Vasquez, Beverly RayYoungAlumni: Galen Vincent HendersonFaculty: Penelope H Dennehy, Kelly McGarry, John TeichgraeberHouse staff: Alexander Phillip Edward Diaz de Villalvilla, Evangelos Messaris, ThomasMurphySOUTH CAROLINAMedical University of South Carolina College of Medicine—Alpha SouthCarolinaStudents: Christopher McAlister Ayers, Annie Wei-Ting Chen, Megan ShiveCifuni, Daniel Bryon Cobb, John Clayton Crantford, Stephen Aloysius Cross,Stephen Hughes Finley, Jacob Ross Gillen, Robert A Glass III, Robert John Hosker,Derrick Adam Huey, John Phillips Hungerford, Jason P Lockrow, MatthewChristopher McDermott, John William Nance Jr, Allen Ernest Pendarvis Jr, Ashok KRamachandra, Eugene Ritter Sansoni, Roger Sullivan, Karin Whitlock Taylor, DanielRyan Toms, Jenna Leigh Walters, Zachary Inskeep WillisFaculty: William John Hueston, Patricia Geraty McBurneyHouse staff: James Michael Allen, Paul Thomas EbertsUniversity of South Carolina School of Medicine—Beta South CarolinaStudents: Rose E Coady, Jonathan Ashby Davis, Trevor Michael Downing, AprilA Grant, Brittany Nicole Knick, Justin Marsh, Jeffrey Paul Radabaugh, HectorRodriguez, Clara Eileen Sanders, Marion Morgan SwallAlumni: Robert Carter Holleman Jr, Leroy F RobinsonFaculty: Wendy Renee Cornett, L Britt WilsonHouse staff: John Andrew GoldsmithSOUTH DAKOTASanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota—Alpha SouthDakotaStudents: Kimberly Nicole Harer, Seth William Harrer, Ross A Miller, Carrissa MaePietz, Travis Scharnweber, Halie Marie Vosler, Emily June Winterton, Jesse ThomasYoungAlumni: Charles Joseph KoprivaFaculty: Paul C BungerHouse staff: Elizabeth Joanne WheatleyTENNESSEEVanderbilt University School of Medicine—Alpha TennesseeStudents: Amir Michael Abtahi, Tiffany Nicole Suzanne Ballard, James RussellBekeny, Jashodeep Datta, Elizabeth Anne Gordon, Courtney Hayes Harrison, EveHenry, Natalie Louise Jacobowski, Emily Ann Kendall, Brandon Richard Litzner,Daniel Adam Mordes, Jared Martin O’Leary, Alanna Marie Patsiokas, John GaryPhillips, Miranda Danelle Raines, Johanna Nathania Riesel, Joshua Elliott Rubin,Daniel Eidelberg Spratt, Sara Katharine Tedeschi, Eli ZimmermanAlumni: Sara J PattersonFaculty: Mohana Bhalchandra Karlekar, Amanda Grace WilsonHouse staff: Francine V Arneson, Ryan Donald Hollenbeck, Daniel Garvin StoverUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine—BetaTennesseeStudents: Alkesh Ashwinkumar Amin, Leslie Paige Austin, Danielle Lynne Barnard,Jonathan Raines Berger, Emily Marie Bratton, Maryanne Matinee Chumpia, DanielHaden Doty, Bryan Scott England, Curtis Shannon Gaylord, Mary Katherine Johnson,Emily Defur Joyce, Erik Michael Maryniw, Adam R Militana, Lawrence KevinO’Malley, Joshua P Parlaman, Jay Girish Patel, Brian Christopher Payne, Barry JoelPelz, Ron Benton Pitkanen, Ian Craig Reinemeyer, Jerry Mark Smith, Byron FitzgeraldStephensFaculty: Rose Mary Sutton Stocks, Stephanie Ann StorgionHouse staff: Brian Emanuel BrocatoMeharry Medical College School of Medicine—Gamma TennesseeStudents: Ryan Bliss, Cassandra Bradby, Brittany Joy Brown, May Cho, Tiffany LatriceClay, Jared Michael Davis, Maria Theresa dela Cruz Ramones, Tonya L Dixon,Jeanene H Gabriel, Ikponmwosa Iyamu, Rosanne Leger, Brooke Louisa Morrell,HaiThuy N Nguyen, Luis Horacio Ocampo Jr, Alexis L RodriguezAlumni: Barbara Alfreda Duncan-Cody, Howard Clarence WillisFaculty: Millard D Collins, Ayodeji Ayoola OsoEast Tennessee State University James H Quillen College of Medicine—DeltaTennesseeStudents: Maikel Ella Botros, David Dahl, Daniel Weston Hobgood, Laura KristinHowell, Ginger Lovingood, Charles Orton, Georganna Michelle Rosel, Eric DavisSmith, Jeanne Marie YoungFaculty: Jason B MooreHouse staff: Dinesh SharmaTEXASUniversity of Texas Medical Branch, University of Texas Medical School atGalveston—Alpha TexasStudents: Caitlin Gayle Andrews, Conor John Best, Bo Beus, Jonathan David Braun,Andrew William Chambers, Kelly Elizabeth Cline, Andrew Michael Courson, AdamDjurdjulov, Paul Michael Evans, Jeremy Andrew Halbe, Michael Andrew Hames,Jacey Refaat Hanna, Adriane Floyd Haragan, John Clare Heymann, Paul Houghtaling,Auris Onn-Lay Huen, Sharon Elizabeth Hughes, Titilope Adenike Ishola, CharlesWilliam Kimbrough, Katie Lael Kucera, Jillian Whitney Lazor, Anthony James Lewis,Michaela Renee Marek, Robert Nathanson, Julie Nguyen, Matthew Brian Pavelka,Emiko Petrosky, Michael Leroy Rains, Sanjita Ravishankar, Eric Scott Rosenberger,Jennifer Lynn Russell, Christopher Michael Sakowski, Ronald Jeffrey Schmitt, AdamJoseph Schneider, Richa Shukla, Jacob Guia Thomas, Michael WangBaylor College of Medicine—Beta TexasStudents: Amir Aboutalebi, Sunaina Subodhkumar Bhuchar, Sydney Lane Boule,Steven Siangkiat Chua, Mary Caitlin Dooley, Pamela Griffin Ferry, Gary BryanFillette, Jennifer Rose Gatchel, Waqar Mohammad Haque, Michael James Holland,Adam Brent Hollander, Gary Lloyd Horn Jr, Kelli Danielle Jones, Reva Kakkar, RamiroJose Madden-Fuentes, Christopher Patrick Neumann, Roma Rajesh Patel, LaurenElizabeth Patterson, Christian David Albert Peccora, Christine Elizabeth Petrich,Brian Craig Rodgers, Robert Donald Russell, Robert Lee Salazar, Amishi Yogesh Shah,Fareesa Shuja, Emma Phyllis WhitcombFaculty: John H CoverdaleHouse staff: Benjamin Davis Fox, Chad Michael RuoffUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, SouthwesternMedical School—Gamma TexasStudents: Krista Ruth Alexander, Eric Arnold, Bryant Carroll Boren, IsaacAlexander Bowman, Lyle Burdine, Shurong Chang, Joy Chen, Lee Warren Chen,Sadia Choudhery, Mark Dalesandro, Jameson Cuyler Dear, Jamie Nella Frediani,Emily Gaddis, Kristina Liselotte Goff, Michael Graves, Elizabeth Ashley Hardin,James Curtis Harms, Ana Kashfia Islam, Rachel Jamison, Megan Marie Johnson,56 The Pharos/Autumn 2010

Anthony Nguyen Khuu, Andrew Brian Kleinberg, George Franklin LeBus V, MeghanMcDonald, Markey Carden McNutt, Karim Anthony Meijer, Benjamin D Mouser,Hillary E Myears, Liliana Nanez, Patricia Lorrayne Purcell, James Wirth Sargent IV,Joseph W Spellman, Shena Thomas, Christine Lee Vigeland, Maggie Waung, Sarah AWingfield, Weilan ZuoAlumni: R Ellwood JonesFaculty: Joel Mitchell GoodmanHouse staff: Dawn S Hui, Grace L Lee, Wayne Kent NelsonUniversity of Texas Medical School at Houston—Delta TexasStudents: Booth Wiley Aldred, Glynda Caga-anan, Jordan Austin Cain, Kevin Chap,Ross Joseph Chapel, Jaclyn Jin-Ling Chen, Joseph Childs, Melissa Louise Diamantis,John Frederick Dunn, Ashleigh Michelle Francis, Elizabeth Rebecca CarolineGeddes, Megan McRee Geloneck, Joshua Scott Griffin, Patrick Thomas Griffin,Quinton Morrow Hatch, Amanda K Hernandez, Diana Margaret Hook, DanielRhodes Kievlan, Adam Kingeter, Margaret Markham, William Robert Miller, GregoryLane Naugher, Sarah H O’Connell, Kathryn Palumbo, Mary Kendall Parker, PhillipNoah Parmet, Matthew James Pommerening, Scott M Reis, Catherine ElizabethRiddel, Matthew Rogers, Katherine Schroeder, Sara Swineford, Joseph Emile Tayar,Christopher Ross Thompson, Vicente Valero, Haider Virani, Dia Rose Waguespack,Taylor Brooke Wootton, Bryan Charles YelvertonAlumni: Timothy BooneFaculty: Pedro Mancias, John F TeichgraeberHouse staff: Ioannis Alagkiozidis, Katie Leighanne HendleyUniversity of Texas Medical School at San Antonio—Epsilon TexasStudents: Kaessee Lee Brown, Stefanie Bryant, Tina Chou, Edwin Chu, Amit P Desai,Brendan Patrick Dewan, Brian Alan Fishero, Megan Alicia Freeman, StephanieMarie Gardner, Taggart Taylor Gauvain, Steven David Gibbons, William GarrettGreendyke, Scott Michael Greene, Michelle Moriah Hagopian, Kayla Evonne Ireland,Kiley Johnson, Jaime Jones, Joseph Jongbum Kim, Megan Presley Kostibas, CatherineMegan Lacey, Jeremy D Leland, Victor Lopez, Melissa Ann Muszynski, Anh DNguyen, Catherine Pham, Jason Bryant Pond, Jorge Alfredo Ramirez, Nainesh Shah,Rachel Rebecca Shepherd, C Grant Staples, Julie Beth Stavinoha, Christopher RoyStelton, Melissa Ashley Talbert, Nicole Victoria Walker, Kelli Renee YeeTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine—ZetaTexasStudents: Hosam Nabil Attaya, Shila Azodi, Kevin Joseph Barnes, Cody Ryan Beaver,Richard Bliss, Justin Benson Clayton, Ashley Brandon DeLaCerda, Chase DaltonDerrick, Mitchell George Eichhorn, Daniel Evans, Stephen John Griffin, CharlieAndrew Hogan, Shan Renee Huang, Winslo Idicula, Katherine Ikard, Natalie BrittanLane, Christopher Thomas Lee, James Rex Lemert, Danny Luong, Eric BrandonMartin, Amber Michelle Moreland, Usha Rao, Katie Beth Reding, Jordan BrentSimpson, Ashley Lillian Estes Sturgeon, Raymond Barrier Theodosis, VincenzoWong, Brandon Wesley WrightAlumni: B Wayne McNeil, Jennifer Johnson MitchellHouse staff: Sameer Rafiul Islam, Chad Barrett JohnsonThe Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine—Eta TexasStudents: Rohan Ahluwalia, Ananth Kumar Arjunan, Timothy Naff Ball, Blake Bond,Kristin Lee Bond, Nickolas Ray Byrge, Kevin Ching, Elise Eckhardt, Ramesh Kumar,Benjamin Martino, Michael McNeal, Janelle Myers Perrone, Luke Benjamin Potts,Erica Rensvold, Jonathan Walgama, Oliver WuAlumni: Alec Dean SteeleFaculty: Alejandro Arroliga, James Howard BrienHouse staff: Mitchell Edward Deshazer, Anita Dilip Karnik, Alan Ray TrumblyUTAHUniversity of Utah School of Medicine—Alpha UtahStudents: James Ted Allred, Melody R Anderson, Ryan James Bair, Laurel KristenBradford, Matthew F Covington, Tricia Hauschild, Rohn McCune, Cynthia Newberry,Leah Anne Owen, Asha Sarma, Joshua Alan Schliesser, Joseph S Schmutz, RitaSharshiner, Jason William Young, Brian Earl ZauggVERMONTUniversity of Vermont College of Medicine—Alpha VermontNone reportedVIRGINIAUniversity of Virginia School of Medicine—Alpha VirginiaStudents: Ryan Peter Bartkus, Steven Edward Bishop, An Hong Bui, Lisa ReneeChastant, William Tessin Derry, Laura Thorne Ekka, Eric J Feuchtbaum, JosephDerek Forrester, Carrie Katherine Grouse, Paul David Hiles, Clark David Kensinger,Megan Elizabeth Lohr, Vivek Narayan, Elizabeth Anne Nicolli, Andrew Park, MelissaLanier Collins Park, Arich Ryan Reynolds, Kristen Ritenour, Jeremy Ross, MichaelSemanik, Kathryn Stansfield Sutton, James Alexander Thomas, Cynthia ElizabethWagner, Matthew WilsonAlumni: Delos M Cosgrove IIIFaculty: Barrett Henley BarnesHouse staff: Karim SadikVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine—Beta VirginiaStudents: Srinath Adusumalli, Matthew Curtis Avery, Sudheer Balakrishnan, SaraTavernier Burgardt, Dana Casey Chan, Sarah Katherine Connell, Sarah Beth Corley,Vladimir Paul Daoud, Maya D Fetter, Daniel Fistere Jr, Breanna Leah Harpstead,Eddie Keith Hasty, Kami Michelle Hu, Allison Lange, Lauren Terry Lastinger, RobertBrinton Layser, Amanda Lenderink-Carpenter, Pramote Malasitt, Kevin DarrowMarcus, Nathan George Miller, Joshua Aaron Morales, Thomas Matthew Mullin,Collier Stephens Pace, James Michael Pellerin, Duy Lam Phan, Brian Robertson,Joseph Daniel Romano, Erin Janette Saks, Nicholas Rosario Scarcella, Nisha PulpetWarrier, Roderick Jack Willmore, Caroline WinslowAlumni: Sheldon RetchinFaculty: Jeffrey T Kushinka, Evan ReiterHouse staff: Andrew Binder, Adebowale Odulana, Aamer SyedEastern Virginia Medical School —Gamma VirginiaStudents: David Andrew Ahlers, Jessica Renee Barber, Kimberly Erin Barker, SamuelLlewellyn Casella, Wendy Alford Haft, Julia Johnson, Andrew Evans Leake, KatherineMarie Lunney, Bethany Michele Mulla, Dan-Vinh Pham Nguyen, W Michael Pullen,Baddr Ahed Shakhsheer, Waleed Christos Sneij, Stephen Charles Stacey Jr, JonathanDavid van de Leuv, Lyndy Jane Wilcox, Nathaniel Charles Hamm WingertAlumni: Joel Clingenpeel, Daniel Adam NeumannFaculty: Amy Patricia Fantaskey, Jean PannetonHouse staff: Thomas Edward Butler, Nathaniel Robert Poulin, Leah Marie SierenWASHINGTONUniversity of Washington School of Medicine—Alpha WashingtonStudents: Evan James Allan, Juli Anne Armstrong, Nayan Arora, Ryan ThomasBarrett, Daniel J Benedetti, David Paul Dorsey, Karen Christine Halsted, PeterNicholas Hunt, Elsbeth Chiyo Jensen-Otsu, Paul Samuel Martin, Timothy WilliamMenza, Dayne Mickelson, Sylvia Kana Mollerstrom, Katherine Grace Oldenburg,Elizabeth Peacock-Chambers, Donald Joe Perry, Louis Ludwig Stuart Horst Poppler,Micahlyn Marie Powers, Scarlet Reichenbach, Leah Scanlin Ronald, Erika CowmanSchetter, Hollie Sexton, Mackenzie Slater, Hana Smith, Rachel Sparks, Karna KSundsted, Laura Cauthorn Swanson, David Tarby, Ana Jorgenson Torvie, JessicaValentine, David Andrew Williams, Elizabeth Anne ZeeckFaculty: Steven Gerstner, John GeymanHouse staff: Kanishka Garvin, Christine Chen Jensen, David Byung MinWEST VIRGINIAWest Virginia University School of Medicine—Alpha West VirginiaStudents: Simon Levi Amsdell, Ryan Michael Carr, Megan Michele Cecchini, DerekClark, Christopher Eric Estel, Gregory Hale, Jennifer Lynn Koay, Brittani KellinNinness, Ahsley Rawson, Matthew Joseph Schessler, Carl Seynnaeve, Brian MichaelSnelling, Dana Michele Tiberio, Ryan Matthew Wilson, Lana Winkler, Bethany AnnWoomerFaculty: Robert James TallaksenHouse staff: Kimberly J FairleyJoan C Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University—Beta WestVirginiaStudents: Jessica Rae Brown, James Bryan Doub, Daniel Roque Felbaum, AndrewRichard Hutchens, Kristin Mary Klosterman, John Gabriel Maijub, Mary Temple Sale,Randall Joseph Schultz, Jarrod Smith, Coben David ThornAlumni: Paul Ray Durst, Ross M PattonFaculty: Charles Eugene Giangarra, Carl Frederick McComasHouse staff: Christopher David Adams, Susan Lee Flesher, Saif Arsan MashaqiWISCONSINUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health—AlphaWisconsinStudents: Joel Thomas Adler, Stephen John Almasi, Jennifer Jo Barr, Erik ScottFossum, Meghan Jo’An Furlong, Joseph David Hansen, Brian Carl Hilgeman, MichaelPatrick Kehoe, Sean Barrett Kuehn, Micaela Erin O’Neil, Bryan Dustin Pooler,Andrew James Pugely, Lyndsey Nell Runaas, Cassie Marie Schmitt, Meghan LeighSchott, Joseph John Schreiber, Lisa Yao Shen, Jennifer Ann Stephani, Sarah EmilyAmend Tevis, Bimal Vyas, Evan Jared Warner, Shaun Yang, Eric Yanke, JacquelineZiehrMedical College of Wisconsin—Beta WisconsinStudents: Laith Mutasem Al-Shihabi, Azam Basheer, Becky Jo Brey, KatherineElder Brick, Erica Ayami-Sato Byrd, Craig Elliott Cummings, Linda Kaye Czypinski,Alexandra Fairchild, Holly Marie Frost, Jarom Nathan Gilstrap, Erica CorrineHofland, Alecia Nicole Huettl, Rebecca Marie Jansen, Benjamin Alan Keller, RachelAnn Kuznar, Benjamin Joseph Lasee, Matthew Christopher Mauck, Eric James May,Elizabeth Ann McCarrel, Matthew John McFarlane, Melissa D Miller, Brad StevenNance, Jacob Robert Peschman, William Joseph Reynders, Robert Rogers, StefanieSuzanne Ruffolo, Steven Michael Schuckit, Jordan M Shapiro, David Ross Smart,Corbin Draper Sullivan, Stephen James Summers, Jonathan Kendall VincentFaculty: Bruce Hegstad Campbell, Jean-Franáois LiardHouse staff: Jessica Anne Crawford, Michael Edward Curley, Kory Donald KoernerStudents 2743Alumni 91Faculty 165House staff 192Total number of new members 3191The Pharos/Autumn 2010 57

The PharosVolume 73Index by authorAbbott C. Wear Something Red. Poem. Winter, 32.Abdulla S. See Floyd CT et al.Abelson HT. The Candidate. Poem. Summer, 53.Abrams HL. Commentary: Reynolds HY. A medical ear in the early morningtennis group—when to advise and what to say. Autumn, 16.Ambrose CT. Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linné), 1707–1778: The Swede whonamed almost everything. Spring, 4–10.Anderson KT. Tinsley Randolph Harrison, MD: A legacy of medical education.Autumn, 4–10.Bales DW. Accelerating human evolution?? Letter. Winter, 48.Basile MA. Christians in the Movies: A Century of Saints and Sinners, by Peter E.Dans. Reviews and reflections. Winter, 45–46.Berry J. Accelerating human evolution?? Letter. Winter, 48.Blaha J. Re “Consultations . . . going, going, gone?” Letter. Summer, 52.Blum A. Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary of a Medical Landmark.Autumn, 48.Blum A. When I gets big. Poem. Summer, 36.Bowe C. Josiah. Winter, 28–29.Brenner I. Re: “A Fatal Zest for Living.” Letter. Summer, 51–52.Brillman JC. Worried Sick: A Prescription for Health in an Overtreated America,by Nortin M. Hadler. Reviews and reflections. Spring, 45–46.Buskirk M. Informal Education. Poem. Winter, 49.Cantrell L. Poems by Linda Cantrell. Poems. Autumn, 30–31.Cesari A, Mackowiak PA. A fatal zest for living: The all too brief life of MarioLanza. Winter, 4–10.Chase RA. One Breath Apart: Facing Dissection, by Sandra L. Berman. Reviewsand reflections. Summer, 41–42.Chase RA. A Second Opinion: Rescuring America’s Health Care: A Plan forUniversal Coverage Serving Patients Over Profit, by Arnold S. Relman. Reviewsand reflections. Summer, 40.Chesanow RL. A Voyage. Letter. Winter, 48.Claman HN. On Wrinkles (Hiding the Evidence). Poem. Spring, 50.Coe FL. Amanda’s Garden. Poem. Autumn, 60.Cooper RA. Expanding physician supply—An imperative for health care reform.Health policy. Spring, 35–37.Coulehan J. Doctors in Fiction: Lessons from Literature, by Borys Surawicz andBeverly Jacobson. Reviews and reflections. Summer, 42–43.Coulehan J. Dying for Beginners, by Patrick Clary. Reviews and reflections.Autumn, 39–40.Coulehan J. On Apology, by Aaron Lazare. Reviews and reflections. Spring,46–47.Crawford GB. Quiet Snow among the Dark. Poem. Autumn, 11.Dale DC. Memorial: Edward D. Harris, Jr., MD: July 7, 1937–May 21, 2010.Summer, 1.Dans PE. The physician at the moviesAmelia. Summer, 45–46.The Curious Case of Benjamin Button. Winter, 38–40.Extraordinary Measures. Autumn, 34–36.Gifted Hands: The Ben Carson Story. Spring, 40–42.The Hurt Locker. Autumn, 36–38.Julie and Julia. Summer, 46–48.Night at the Museum: The Battle of the Smithsonian. Summer, 46.Taking Chance. Winter, 40–42.Valkyrie. Spring, 43.The Young Victoria. Summer, 48–49.Darby R. Ethical issues in the use of cognitive enhancement. Spring, 16–22.DeWitt D. The Challenge. Poem. Winter, 43.Elahi E. See Floyd CT et al.Floyd CT, Michael H, VanHoose JD, Elahi E, Abdulla S, Jinwala F, Reddy K, SolarB, Freeman A, Huber W III, Palmore J, Sambasivan A. The winning photosfrom the Web Site Photography Contest. Summer, 22–34.Foltermann MO. Neither/nor. Letter. Autumn, 43.Freeman A. See Floyd CT et al.Garcia EE. What Would Heifetz Do? Poem. Summer, 44.Geynisman J. Adwoa. Poem. Autumn, 33.Grubb BP. The Gaze. Poem. Summer, inside back cover.Haddy FJ. Direct-to-consumer advertising. Health policy. Summer, 38–39.Harris ED Jr.2009 Alpha Omega Alpha/Association of American Medical Colleges RobertJ. Glaser Distinguished Teacher Awards. Winter, 30–31.Alpha Omega Alpha elects honorary members. Spring, 38–39.Consultations . . . going, going, gone? Editorial. Winter, 1.Existentialism, the physician’s philosophy. Editorial. Spring, 1.Minutes of the 2o09 meeting of the board of directors of Alpha OmegaAlpha. National and chapter news. Spring, 51–52.Haywood LJ. Selling Teaching Hospitals. Letter. Winter, 47.Hsu BS-H. Cost of a life. Health policy. Autumn, 32–33.Huber W III. See Floyd CT et al.Hudak CD. Undaunted. Poem. Winter, 33.Ilgenfritz S. The Procedure. Poem. Spring, 48.Isenberg SF. A Simple Walk. Poem. Spring, inside back cover.Jacobs J. Re “Getting Drug Money Out of Doctors’ Offices.” Letter. Summer, 50.Jinwala F. See Floyd CT et al.Kahn EN. The Gift. Poem. Winter, 34.Kastor JA. An invitation. Health policy. Spring, 37.Kastor JA. Will health reform reduce costs? Health policy. Winter, 35–36.Kopen DF. The inadquacy of legislative procedures and the infirmity of physicianorganizations. Health policy. Summer, 37–38.Langhorne H. Post Chemo Treat. Poem. Autumn, 17.Le J. Meditation on Surgical Masks. Poem. Winter, 12.Lee TH. Health reform requires confronting myths. Health policy. Winter, 36–37.Lockshin MD. Medical publishing: Will paper live on? Summer, 4–7.Lopez FA. Almost five years later: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans health care,and the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center. Summer, 8–11.Maas S. Wind. Poem. Autumn, 25.Majmudar B. A One Bag, One Leg Lady. Poem. Winter, 32.Mann A. Smoke. Poem. Winter, 52.Marr JJ. Graft Rejection. Poem. Winter, 11.Menkes JS. The right to sue. Letter. Winter, 48–49.Michael H. See Floyd CT et al.Milano M. Hearing. Poem. Autumn, 29.Miller EC. Attuning to equlibrium: Physician as artist, artist as physician.Autumn, 18–24Morrison W. Carotid. Poem. Winter, 27.Morrison W. Snapshot. Poem. Spring, 39.Mukherjee S. Stroke in black and white. Autumn, 12–13.Muller D. Needlestick. Summer, 12–13.Nagarkar PA. Getting drug money out of doctors’ offices. Winter, 13–17.Nagarkar PA. Re “Getting Drug Money Out of Doctors’ Offices”: Mr. Nagarkarresponds to Dr. Jacobs. Letter. Summer, 50–51.Nissenblatt M. Summer, 14–15.Palmore J. See Floyd CT et al.Parke S. Poppies. Poem. Autumn, inside back cover.Patterson RB. Commentary: Cantrell L. Poems by Linda Cantrell. Autumn,30–31.Pederson T. The Language of Life: DNA and the Revolution in PersonalizedMedicine, by Francis S. Collins. Reviews and reflections. Summer, 40–41.Pfeiffer E. Endings Are Beginnings. Poem. Summer, 35.Platt FW. Technological Medicine: The Changing World of Doctors and Patients,by Stanley Joel Reiser. Reviews and reflections. Autumn, 41–42.Plotz CM. Commentary: Reynolds HY. A medical ear in the early morning tennisgroup—when to advise and what to say. Autumn, 16.Plotz CM. Medical hand-me-downs. Letter. Winter, 47–48.Quinn S. The effect of Gchat deprivation on medical student productivity.Winter, 24–27.Radu A. Eudaimonia, existentialism, and the practice of medicine. Spring, 26–33.Raphael A. The ethics of cosmetic enhancement. Winter, 18–23.Reddy K. See Floyd CT et al.Reid EE. Studying in the Afternoon. Poem. Spring, 12.Reynolds HY. A medical ear in the early morning tennis group—when to adviseand what to say. Autumn, 14–15.Richards DD III. Semmelweis: Magyar warrior. Summer, 16–21.Rousseau PC. Echocardiogram. Poem. Autumn, 26.Roy RC. Spring of My Dying. Poem. Summer, back cover.Sambasivan A. See Floyd CT et al.Scherl ND. Reflections on a Photograph. Poem. Winter, 33.58 The Pharos/Autumn 2010

Shankar PR. Doctors and pharmaceutical promotion. Letter. Spring, 49.Smith RJ. Re “The Ethics of Cosmetic Enhancement.” Letter. Summer, 51.Solar B. See Floyd CT et al.Spaeth. One simple question can change the world. Autumn, 27–28.Staff2009/2010 Administrative Recognition Awards. Autumn, 48.2009/2010 Medical Student Service Project awards. Autumn, 47.2009/2010 Visiting Professorships. Autumn, 45–46.2009/2010 Volunteer Clinical Faculty Awards. Autumn, 49.2010 Carolyn L. Kuckein Student Research Fellowships. Summer, 54–56.2010 Edward D. Harris Professionalism Award. Autumn, 44.2010 Helen H. Glaser Student Essay Awards. Summer, 52.2010 Pharos Poetry Competition winners. Summer, 52.2010 Write a Poem for This Photo Contest. Spring, 50.Alpha Omega Alpha members elected in 2009/2010. Autumn, 50–57.Announcement: Executive Director of Alpha Omega Alpha. Spring, backcoverAnnouncing the 2010 Pharos Editor’s Prize. National and chapter news.Winter, 50Correction. Spring, 47.Correction. National and chapter news. Winter, 51Dr. Francis Neelon joins the Pharos editorial board. National and chapternews. Winter, 51Interim editor. National and chapter news. Summer, 54.Instructions for Pharos authors. National and chapter news. Winter, 51–52Leaders in American Medicine. National and chapter news. Winter, 52Memorial donations. National and chapter news. Summer, 54.The new Alpha Omega Alpha web site. National and chapter news. Winter,50.The Pharos, Volume 73. Autumn, 58–60.Web Site Photography Contest. Winter, inside back cover.Winner of the 2009 Pharos Editor’s Prize. National and chapter news.Winter, 50Winner of the Submit a Photo contest. Spring, 50.Winning poems of the 2009 Write a Poem for This Photo Contest. Winter,32–33.Topol EJ. The consumer movement in health care. Health policy. Spring, 34–35.Trotter JA. The Picture of Health: A View from the Prairie, by Richard P. Holmand Judith R. Peterson. Reviews and reflections. Winter, 44–45.Valdrighi A. The Woman with Everything. Poem. Winter, 32.VanHoose JD. See Floyd CT et al.Warren M. Rhabdomyosarcoma. Poem. Spring, 11.Weiner MF. The Atheist Faces Death. Poem. Summer, 7.Wiesenthal A. Death on call. Spring, 24–25.Williams RC Jr. Dancing at the River’s Edge: A Patient and Her Doctor NegotiateLife with Chronic Illness, by Alida Brill and Michael D. Lockshin. Reviews andreflections. Spring, 44.Wilson DE. Richard L. Byyny, MD, appointed Executive Director of AlphaOmega Alpha. Autumn, back cover.Wolf PL. Ode to a Jaundiced Eye. Poem. Summer, 39.Wood JC. The Alabaster Kiss. Poem. Spring, 23.Wright JL. On Being Certain: Believing You Are Right Even When You’re Not, byRobert A. Burton. Reviews and reflections. Autumn, 40–41.Zaroff LZ. Drowning in science . . . saved by Shakespeare. Spring, 13–15.Index by title2009 Alpha Omega Alpha/Association of American Medical Colleges Robert J.Glaser Distinguished Teacher Awards. Harris ED Jr. Winter, 30–31.2009/2010 Administrative Recognition Awards. Staff. Autumn, 48.2009/2010 Medical Student Service Project Awards. Staff. Autumn, 47.2009/2010 Visiting Professorships. Staff. Autumn, 45–46.2009/2010 Volunteer Clinical Faculty Awards. Autumn, 49.2010 Carolyn L. Kuckein Student Research Fellowships. Staff. Summer, 54–56.2010 Edward D. Harris Professionalism Award. Staff. Autumn, 44.2010 Helen H. Glaser Student Essay Awards. Staff. Summer, 52.2010 Pharos Poetry Competition winners. Staff. Summer, 52.2010 Write a Poem for This Photo Contest. Staff. Spring, 50.Adwoa. Poem. Geynisman J. Autumn, 33.The Alabaster Kiss. Poem. Wood JC. Spring, 23.Almost five years later: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans health care, and theLouisiana State University Health Sciences Center. Lopez FA. Summer, 8–11.Alpha Omega Alpha elects honorary members. Harris ED Jr. Spring, 38–39.Alpha Omega Alpha members elected in 2009/2010. Staff. Autumn, 50–57Amanda’s Garden. Poem. Coe FL. Autumn, 60.Announcement: Executive Director of Alpha Omega Alpha. Staff. Spring, backcover.The Atheist Faces Death. Poem. Weiner MF. Summer, 7.Attuning to equilibrium: Physician as artist, artist as physician. Miller EC.Autumn, 18–24.The Candidate. Poem. Abelson HT. Summer, 53.Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linné), 1707–1778: The Swede who named almosteverything. Ambrose CT. Spring, 4–10.Carotid. Poem. Morrison W. Winter, 27.The Challenge. Poem. DeWitt D. Spring, 43.Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary of a Medical Landmark. Blum A.Autumn, 48.Consultations . . . going, going, gone? Editorial. Harris ED Jr. Winter, 1.Correction. Staff. Spring, 47.Death on call. Wiesenthal A. Spring, 24–25.Drowning in science . . . saved by Shakespeare. Zaroff LZ. Spring, 13–15.Echocardiogram. Poem. Rousseau PC. Autumn, 26.The effect of Gchat deprivation on medical student productivity. Winter, 24–26.Endings Are Beginnings. Poem. Pfeiffer E. Summer, 35.Ethical issues in the use of cognitive enhancement. Darby R. Spring, 16–22.The ethics of cosmetic enhancement. Raphael A. Winter, 18–23.Eudaimonia, existentialism, and the practice of medicine. Radu A. Spring, 26–33.Existentialism, the physician’s philosophy. Editorial. Spring, 1.A fatal zest for living: The all too brief life of Mario Lanza. Cesari A, MackowiakPA. Winter, 5–10.The Gaze. Poem. Grubb BP. Summer, inside back cover.Getting drug money out of doctors’ offices. Nagarkar PA. Winter, 13–17.The Gift. Poem. Kahn EN. Winter, 34.One simple question can change the world. Spaeth G. Autumn, 27–28.Graft Rejection. Poem. Marr JJ. Winter, 11.Health policyThe consumer movement in health care. Topol EJ. Spring, 34–35.Cost of a life. Hsu BS-H. Autumn, 32–33.Direct-to-consumer advertising. Haddy FJ. Summer, 38–39.Expanding physician supply—An imperative for health care reform. CooperRA. Spring, 35–37.Health reform requires confronting myths. Winter, 36–37.The inadequacy of legislative procedures and the infirmity of physicianorganizations. Kopen DF. Summer, 37–38.An invitation. Kastor JA. Spring, 37.Will health reform reduce costs? Kastor JA. Winter, 35–36.Hearing. Poem. Milano M. Autumn, 29.Informal Education. Poem. Buskirk M. Winter, 49.Josiah. Bowe C. Winter, 28–29.LettersAccelerating human evolution? Bales DW. Winter, 48.Accelerating human evolution? Berry J. Winter, 48.Doctors and pharmaceutical promotion. Shankar PR. Spring, 49.Medical hand-me-downs. Plotz CM. Winter, 47–48.Re “Consultations . . . going, going, gone?” Blaha J. Summer, 51.Re “The Ethics of Cosmetic Enhancement.” Smith RJ. Summer, 51.Re “A Fatal Zest for Living.” Brenner I. Summer, 51–52.Re “Getting Drug Money Out of Doctors’ Offices.” Jacobs J. Summer, 50.Re “Getting Drug Money Out of Doctors’ Offices”: Mr. Nagarkar responds toDr. Jacobs. Nagarkar PA. Summer, 50–51.Neither/nor. Foltermann MO. Autumn, 43.The right to sue. Menkes JS. Winter, 48–49.Selling Teaching Hospitals. Haywood LJ. Winter, 47.Love song. Nissenblatt M. Summer, 14–15.A medical ear in the early morning tennis group—when to advise and what tosay. Reynolds HY. Autumn, 14–15.Commentary. Abrams HL. Autumn, 16.Commentary. Plotz CM. Autumn, 16.Medical publishing: Will paper live on? Lockshin MD. Summer, 4–7.Meditation on Surgical Masks. Poem. Le J. Winter, 12.Memorial: Edward D. Harris, Jr., MD: July 7, 1937–May 21, 2010. Dale DC.Summer, 1.National and chapter newsAnnouncing the 2010 Pharos Editor’s Prize. Staff. Winter, 50.Correction. Staff. Winter, 51.Dr. Francis Neelon joins the Pharos editorial board. Staff. Winter, 51.Interim editor. Staff. Summer, 54.Instructions for Pharos authors. Staff. Winter, 51–52.Leaders in American Medicine. Staff. Winter, 52.Memorial donations. Staff. Summer, 54.Minutes of the 2009 meeting of the board of directors of Alpha OmegaThe Pharos/Autumn 2010 59

IndexAlpha. Harris ED Jr. Spring, 51–52.The new Alpha Omega Alpha web site. Staff. Winter, 50.Winner of the 2009 Pharos Editor’s Prize. Staff. Winter, 50.Needlestick. Muller D. Summer, 12–13.Ode to a Jaundiced Eye. Poem. Wolf PL. Summer, 39.On Wrinkles (Hiding the Evidence). Poem. Claman HN. Spring, 50.A One Bag, One Leg Lady. Poem. Majmudar B. Winter, 32.The Pharos, Volume 73. Staff. Autumn, 58–60.The physician at the moviesAmelia. Summer, 45–46.The Curious Case of Benjamin Button. Winter, 38–40.Extraordinary Measures. Autumn, 34–36.Gifted Hands: The Ben Carson Story. Spring, 40–42.The Hurt Locker. Autumn, 36–38.Julie and Julia. Summer, 46–48.Night at the Museum: The Battle of the Smithsonian. Summer, 46.Taking Chance. Winter, 40–42.Valkyrie. Spring, 43.The Young Victoria. Summer, 48–49.Poems by Linda Cantrell. Poems. Cantrell L. Autumn, 30–31.Commentary. Patterson RB. Autumn, 30.Poppies. Poem. Parke S. Autumn, inside back cover.Post Chemo Treat. Poem. Langhorne H. Autumn, 17.The Procedure. Poem. Ilgenfritz S. Spring, 48.Quiet Snow among the Dark. Poem. Crawford GB. Autumn, 11.Reflections on a Photograph. Poem. Scherl ND. Winter, 33.Reviews and reflectionsChristians in the Movies: A Century of Saints and Sinners, by Peter E. Dans.Basile MA. Winter, 45–46.Dancing at the River’s Edge: A Patient and Her Doctor Negotiate Life withChronic Illness, by Alida Brill and Michael D. Lockshin. Williams RC Jr.Spring, 44.Doctors in Fiction: Lessons from Literature, by Borys Surawicz and BeverlyJacobson. Coulehan J. Summer, 42–43.Dying for Beginners, by Patrick Clary. Coulehan J. Autumn, 39–40.The Language of Life: DNA and the Revolution in Personalized Medicine, byFrancis S. Collins. Pederson T. Summer, 40–41.On Apology, by Aaron Lazare. Coulehan J. Spring, 46–47.On Being Certain: Believing You Are Right Even When You’re Not, by RobertA. Burton. Wright JL. Autumn, 40–41.One Breath Apart: Facing Dissection, by Sandra L. Berman. Chase RA.Summer, 41–42.The Picture of Health: A View from the Prairie, by Richard P. Holm and JudithR. Peterson. Trotter JA. Winter, 44–45.A Second Opinion: Rescuring America’s Health Care: A Plan for UniversalCoverage Serving Patients Over Profit, by Arnold S. Relman. Chase RA.Summer, 40.Technological Medicine: The Changing World of Doctors and Patients, byStanley Joel Reiser. Platt FW. Autumn, 41–42.Worried Sick: A Prescription for Health in an Overtreated America, by NortinM. Hadler. Brillman JC. Spring, 45–46.Rhabdomyosarcoma. Poem. Spring, 11.Richard L. Byyny, MD, appointed Executive Director of Alpha Omega Alpha.Wilson DE. Autumn, back cover.Semmelweis: Magyar warrior. Richard DD III. Summer, 16–21.A Simple Walk. Poem. Isenberg SF. Spring, inside back cover.Smoke. Poem. Mann A. Winter, 52.Snapshot. Poem. Morrison W. Spring, 39.Spring of My Dying. Poem. Roy RC. Summer, back cover.Stroke in black and white. Mukherjee S. Autumn, 12–13.Studying in the Afternoon. Poem. Reid EE. Spring, 12.Tinsley Randolph Harrison, MD: A legacy of medical education. Autumn, 4–10.Undaunted. Poem. Hudak CD. Winter, 33.Wear Something Red. Poem. Abbott C. Winter, 32.Web Site Photography Contest. Staff. Winter, inside back cover.What Would Heifetz Do? Poem. Garcia EE. Summer, 44.When I gets big. Poem. Blum A. Summer, 36.Wind. Poem. Maas S. Autumn, 25.Winner of the Submit a Photo Contest. Staff. Spring, 50.The winning photos from the Web Site Photography Contest. Floyd CT, MichaelH, VanHoose JD, Elahi E, Abdulla S, Jinwala F, Reddy K, Solar B, Freeman A,Huber W III, Palmore J, Sambasivan A. Summer, 22–34.Winning poem of the 2009 Write a Poem for This Photo Contest. Staff. Winter,32–33.The Woman with Everything. Poem. Valdrighi A. Winter, 32.Amanda’s GardenLate October and all is falling,to watch it fall is to watch an oldman die by stages; are we not caught upin such a progress? Mark him, I toldmy friend: last year, last month, even,he was able to that, or this, now lost;is this not movement in a sound direction,a deeper sinking into the white frost?Are we happy in our hearts and cannot saythat something about the progress of fleshis moral, and to watch it a secret thrill?And, is it not a judgment of decencyhow he—the old man—squares his actswith flesh’s motion toward surrender?The garden is without desire, withoutsorrow, we believe, and scarcely careErica Aitkenfor it anymore, however we waited on its growing,but the old man holds our eye: is it fear?Is it our judgment of him? A cruellove of change? A love of the close of the year?Fredric L. Coe, MDDr. Coe (AΩA, University of Chicago, 1961) is professor of Medicine andPhysiology at the University of Chicago. He is a member of the editorial board ofThe Pharos and a previous contributor to the journal. His address is: NephrologySection, MC 5100, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, 5841 S.Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637- 4930. E-mail: fcoe@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu.60 The Pharos/Autumn 2010

PoppiesIn the field behind the salt-stained shack,Her fingers curled around the stem.Sinewy flesh, splintered(with only some regret)One pink poppy—Voluminous and shy,A perfect impermanenceShe was only beginningTo understand.I.The doctor had given him “weeks”—Weeks before,But that afternoon, like always,He spooned sherbet into oneNo, two, stone saucers.“Come on, old boy,” he called,“Finish it quick now, before she sees!”A tail wag,Worth every objection from his wife.Small rituals filled their days,Time in the context of every other time—A poppy resting in an awkward clay vase,A Mother’s Day present, wasn’t it?Or an apologyFor minor crimes of youth?Three children and thirty-five yearsHad not lessened the longing he feltAs she grasped his hand in the night.II.On the day before his lastShe sat alone by the warbling creekAnd watched cascades of ancient lightCatch on shimmering salmon scales.Beneath the surface, other livesMoved rapidly through her reflection—Smooth, diaphanous darts of lossDancing her heart home.When she called, her voice was calm,Ready. But me? I was a medical studentI thought I knew death—Turns out, observing isn’t knowing.III.In the nightThe poppies—white and red,Ebony eye to the moon,Break through damp soil:The sound of entering.The earth does not stir herAs she is, dreamer,A part of the entering.Sara ParkeMs. Parke is a Fulbright Scholar studying medical ethicsat the National Core for Neuroethics, University of BritishColumbia. Her address is: 7418 S. Ingalls Court, Littleton,Colorado 80128. E-mail: sparke87@gmail.com.The Pharos/Date 61

AnnouncementRichard L. Byyny, MD,appointed Executive Directorof Alpha Omega AlphaThe Board ofDirectors ofAlpha OmegaAlpha is very pleasedto announce thatRichard L. Byyny, MD, will become ExecutiveDirector of Alpha Omega Alpha and Editor ofThe Pharos effective November 1, 2010. Afteran extensive search to recruit a successor toDr. Edward D. Harris, Dr. Byyny was selectedfrom an extraordinary group of talentedcandidates. Dr. Byyny is quite familiar withAΩA, having served on the AΩA board of directorsfrom 1995 through 1999. He receivedhis undergraduate and medical degrees fromthe University of Southern California, wherehe was elected to AΩA.Dr. Byyny received his internal medicinetraining at Columbia University andcompleted an endocrinology fellowship atVanderbilt University. He served as Headof the Division of Internal Medicine andDirector of the Internal Medicine trainingprogram at the University of Chicago from1971 through 1977. He then moved to Coloradoto again head up general Internal Medicineand also serve asv ice-chairman ofthe Department ofMedicine. After holdingadministrativepositions as Executive Vice-Chancellor atthe University of Colorado Health SciencesCenter and as Vice President for AcademicAffairs and Research/Dean of the SystemGraduate School at Colorado, Dr. Byynybecame Chancellor of the University ofColorado at Boulder, serving from 1997through 2005. Now a Professor of Medicineat Colorado, Dr. Byyny has “crowned” hisdistinguished career by devoting his effortsto health policy and to the development of amentored research tract in medical studenteducation.Dr. Byyny will be devoting most of histime and effort to AΩA and The Pharos.He is looking forward to interacting withthe boards, the chapters, and with students.We are all very pleased to have him as ourExecutive Director. Please join us in welcomingRichard L. Byyny, MD.