Generic Guidance and Optimum Model Settings for the CALPUFF ...
Generic Guidance and Optimum Model Settings for the CALPUFF ... Generic Guidance and Optimum Model Settings for the CALPUFF ...
Table A-2. Explanation and Recommendations for the List of Key CALMET Model Options Option Meteorological data Options (In. group 4) This switch determines whether you use just Parameter Recommend value Explanation and Justification observational data, or, a combination of NOOBS 0,1,2 NOOBS can be any of 0, 1 or 2, depending on whether CALMET is run with surface and prognostic data, or, prognostic observation data only (0), a combination of prognostic and surface data (1) data only or, just prognostic model data (2). Cloud data options; 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 Wind field Model Options (In. group 5) ICLOUD 4 Compute the gridded cloud cover from relative humidity profile using all levels of data (MM5toGrads algorithm). Wind field model selection variable IWFCOD 1 Use of the diagnostic wind module is recommended Compute Froude number adjustment effects Used to evaluate thermodynamic blocking effects of the terrain on the wind IFRADJ 1 flow and are described using the critical Froude number (see CRITFN to define) Compute kinematic effects IKINE 0 Do not calculate a terrain-forced vertical velocity in the initial guess wind field. (This option is normally turned off, especially at when using fine resolution due to occasional non-convergence of algorithm producing anomalous wind speeds in Layer 2.) O’Brien procedure for adjustment of the IOBR 0 No adjustment required to the vertical velocity profile at the top of the model vertical velocity domain. Compute slope flows ISLOPE 1 Yes, compute upslope and downslope flows which are calculated as a function of sensible heat flux, distance to the crest or valley bottom and slope angle Extrapolate surface wind observations to Extrapolate surface station information using similarity theory. Ignore layer 1 upper layers IEXTRP -4 of upper air station data if surface station is nearby, it is likely to be more representative. Selection depends on whether adequate upper air data are available to Extrapolate calm winds aloft (0=no, 1=yes) ICALM 0 or 1 determine winds in Layer 2 and above. Normally ICALM=0 when using gridded prognostic data. Extrapolating calms in a steep valley may be appropriate. A (1) for ICALM will extend calm conditions to the top of the boundary layer. 54
Table A-2 Explanation and Recommendations for the List of Key CALMET Model Options/Continued Option Parameter Recommend value Explanation and Justification Minimum distance between upper air station This option is designed to avoid extrapolated surface data “competing” with and surface station for which extrapolation of RMIN2 -1 actual upper air measurements when both surface and upper air surface winds will be allowed measurements are co-located. However, the better time resolution of the surface data (hourly) suggests extrapolating may be appropriate. RMIN2 defined the distance between measurements defining “co-located”. Using -1 when IEXTRP = +/- 4 will ensure extrapolation of all surface stations Gridded prognostic wind field model output This option uses gridded prognostic meteorological model output as the fields as initial guess wind field IPROG 14 initial guess wind field in CALMET. Time step (hours) of the prognostic model ISTEPPG 1 Usually this is an hourly time step. Some gridded prognostic data may be input data available only every 3 hours (ISTEPPG=3). Use coarse CALMET fields as initial guess Default is off (0), but useful option if you do not have prognostic model data. fields Radius of Influence Parameters IGFMET 0 When switch is on (1) the coarse CALMET fields from an earlier run will be used to define the IGF. The recommended value is F which turns off the varying radius of influence option. LVARY=T may be used when using objective analysis rather than Use varying radius of influence LVARY F the diagnostic wind module (IWFCOD=0). LVARY=T results in the radius of influence being expanded when no stations are within the fixed radius of influence value. Caution is warranted because when LVARY=T, the model effectively enlarges RMAX to incorporate the ‘nearest’ station regardless of whether it is suitable or not. Critical parameters and are discussed in the RMAX1 See Table 1-1 above above table Other Wind Field Input Parameters RMAX2 RMAX3 - Minimum radius of influence used in the RMIIN 0.1 Recommendation is a very small value (0.1 km). Used to prevent a divide by wind field interpolation zero error when a grid point and station are co-located. Critical parameter and are discussed in the above table TERRAD - See Table 1-1 above Critical parameters and are discussed in the above table R1, R2 - See Table 1-1 above Relative weighting of the prognostic wind Only change this value if CSUMM winds are used in the Step 1 wind field. field RPROG 0 CSUMM model data is very rarely used and outdated format of entering prognostic wind speeds and direction into the model. 55
- Page 9 and 10: 1. INTRODUCTION The CALPUFF modelin
- Page 11 and 12: 2.3 Methodologies for Running CALME
- Page 13 and 14: hourly profiles of wind speed, wind
- Page 15 and 16: Table 2-2. Model Option Switches fo
- Page 17 and 18: 2.3.4 Single Station Meteorology It
- Page 19 and 20: Note that in no-observations (No-Ob
- Page 21 and 22: Table 2-3. Tabulated List of Variou
- Page 23 and 24: 3 RECOMMENDED MODEL OPTION SETTINGS
- Page 25 and 26: Ridge 1 distance (km) Ridge 2 Figur
- Page 27 and 28: Boundary Layer (TIBL) over the land
- Page 29 and 30: � algorithms were designed to tre
- Page 31 and 32: Figure 3-3. Shows a cross-section o
- Page 33 and 34: 3.5.2 Evaluation Studies Figure 3-6
- Page 35 and 36: AERMOD BLP 60 70 80 90 95 98 99 Cum
- Page 37 and 38: In CALPUFF, by default, a calm peri
- Page 39 and 40: UTM Y Coordinate (km) - WGS84 6474.
- Page 41 and 42: It is important to note that no eva
- Page 43 and 44: 6474.5 6474 6473.5 6473 6472.5 6472
- Page 45 and 46: sigma v (CALPUFF calculated) Figure
- Page 47 and 48: 4. DISCUSSION ON THE APPROPRIATE PR
- Page 49 and 50: 4.3.1 Graphical Evaluation Graphica
- Page 51 and 52: (uncorrelated). A line of best fit,
- Page 53 and 54: 4.3.3 Other Meteorological Evaluati
- Page 55 and 56: Schulman, L.L. and J.S. Scire, 1980
- Page 57 and 58: Table A-1. An Explanation of the 7
- Page 59: Table A-1 An Explanation of the 7 C
- Page 63 and 64: Table A-2 Explanation and Recommend
- Page 65 and 66: Table A-3 Explanation and Recommend
- Page 67 and 68: Table A-4. Explanation and Recommen
- Page 69: Table A-4 Explanation and Recommend
Table A-2. Explanation <strong>and</strong> Recommendations <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> List of Key CALMET <strong>Model</strong> Options<br />
Option<br />
Meteorological data Options (In. group 4)<br />
This switch determines whe<strong>the</strong>r you use just<br />
Parameter Recommend<br />
value<br />
Explanation <strong>and</strong> Justification<br />
observational data, or, a combination of NOOBS 0,1,2 NOOBS can be any of 0, 1 or 2, depending on whe<strong>the</strong>r CALMET is run with<br />
surface <strong>and</strong> prognostic data, or, prognostic<br />
observation data only (0), a combination of prognostic <strong>and</strong> surface data (1)<br />
data only<br />
or, just prognostic model data (2).<br />
Cloud data options; 0, 1, 2, 3, 4<br />
Wind field <strong>Model</strong> Options (In. group 5)<br />
ICLOUD 4 Compute <strong>the</strong> gridded cloud cover from relative humidity profile using all<br />
levels of data (MM5toGrads algorithm).<br />
Wind field model selection variable IWFCOD 1 Use of <strong>the</strong> diagnostic wind module is recommended<br />
Compute Froude number adjustment effects<br />
Used to evaluate <strong>the</strong>rmodynamic blocking effects of <strong>the</strong> terrain on <strong>the</strong> wind<br />
IFRADJ<br />
1 flow <strong>and</strong> are described using <strong>the</strong> critical Froude number (see CRITFN to<br />
define)<br />
Compute kinematic effects IKINE 0 Do not calculate a terrain-<strong>for</strong>ced vertical velocity in <strong>the</strong> initial guess wind<br />
field. (This option is normally turned off, especially at when using fine<br />
resolution due to occasional non-convergence of algorithm producing<br />
anomalous wind speeds in Layer 2.)<br />
O’Brien procedure <strong>for</strong> adjustment of <strong>the</strong> IOBR 0 No adjustment required to <strong>the</strong> vertical velocity profile at <strong>the</strong> top of <strong>the</strong> model<br />
vertical velocity<br />
domain.<br />
Compute slope flows ISLOPE 1 Yes, compute upslope <strong>and</strong> downslope flows which are calculated as a<br />
function of sensible heat flux, distance to <strong>the</strong> crest or valley bottom <strong>and</strong> slope<br />
angle<br />
Extrapolate surface wind observations to<br />
Extrapolate surface station in<strong>for</strong>mation using similarity <strong>the</strong>ory. Ignore layer 1<br />
upper layers<br />
IEXTRP -4 of upper air station data if surface station is nearby, it is likely to be more<br />
representative.<br />
Selection depends on whe<strong>the</strong>r adequate upper air data are available to<br />
Extrapolate calm winds aloft (0=no, 1=yes) ICALM 0 or 1 determine winds in Layer 2 <strong>and</strong> above. Normally ICALM=0 when using<br />
gridded prognostic data. Extrapolating calms in a steep valley may be<br />
appropriate. A (1) <strong>for</strong> ICALM will extend calm conditions to <strong>the</strong> top of <strong>the</strong><br />
boundary layer.<br />
54
Change language