II Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes

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Substituted CycloalkanesBulky substituents prefer to be in equatorial position and NOT axialExample Methylcyclohexane:Geometric Isomers:Cis and trans isomers; a type of stereoisomers in whichatoms or groups display orientation differences around a double bond or ringCis Isomer: Geometric isomer in which groups are on the same side of a ringor double bondTrans Isomer: Geometric Isomer in which groups are on the opposite sides of aring or double bondExample:8
2.1.3 Properties of Alkanes• Melting and boiling points increase with increased molecular weight (Methane bp.-164°C, decane bp. 174°C)• Boiling point decrease with chain branching (decrease in surface area) but metlingpoints increase• Non-polar substances ⇒ not water soluble• Alkanes are less dense than water and swim on top of water2.1.4 Reactions of Alkanes• In general very un-reactive ⇒ you need a lot of driving forceA) OxidationExample Methane:B) HalogenationHalogenation (a substitution reaction): Introduction of a halogen into a molecule(chlorination, bromination)General Reaction:• You need heat or light9
Page 2 and 3: 2.1.1 Isomers, Nomenclature, and Co
Page 4 and 5: Conformational Isomers: Isomers tha
Page 6 and 7: 2.1.2 Cycloalkanes• Cyclic struct
Page 10 and 11: Example Methane:How to control the
Page 12 and 13: 2.2 Alkenes and Alkynes• Alkene:
Page 14 and 15: Examples:How to determine the group
Page 16 and 17: Mechanism:What about the orientatio
Page 18 and 19: Examples:18
Page 20 and 21: • Mechanism for the Addition of H
Page 22 and 23: • Addition reactions in Polymer C
Page 24 and 25: 2.4 Oxidation Reactions of Alkenes
Page 26 and 27: Orbital considerations of allylic c
Page 28: Summary of Chapter 2:AlkenesNomencl

II Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes

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