II Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes

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2.1.2 Cycloalkanes• Cyclic structure based on Carbon-Carbon single bondsFused Ring Systems: Several cycles (or rings) share two common atomsand the bond between themSpiro Compound:Two Rings share ONE carbonBridged Ring Compounds: Two rings share two non-connected atoms, therebybuilding a bridgehead with bridgehead atomsExamples:Nomenclature:6
Conformation of Cycloalkanes:Boat Confirmation: An unstable conformation of cyclohexane with 109.5° bondangles but in which most bonds are eclipsedExample:Chair Confirmation: The most stable conformation of cyclohexane in which allbonds are staggered and the bond angles are 109.5°Example:⇒ The hydrogens are either above and below the ring or to the side of the ringAxial Bond:Bond on cyclohexane chain perpendicular to the ring withthree up and three down on alternating carbonsEquatorial Bonds: Bonds on cyclohexane chair parallel to the ringCycloalkanes are not restricted to one confirmation but can FLIP betweendifferent conformations. This is called Ring Flip.7
Page 2 and 3: 2.1.1 Isomers, Nomenclature, and Co
Page 4 and 5: Conformational Isomers: Isomers tha
Page 8 and 9: Substituted CycloalkanesBulky subst
Page 10 and 11: Example Methane:How to control the
Page 12 and 13: 2.2 Alkenes and Alkynes• Alkene:
Page 14 and 15: Examples:How to determine the group
Page 16 and 17: Mechanism:What about the orientatio
Page 18 and 19: Examples:18
Page 20 and 21: • Mechanism for the Addition of H
Page 22 and 23: • Addition reactions in Polymer C
Page 24 and 25: 2.4 Oxidation Reactions of Alkenes
Page 26 and 27: Orbital considerations of allylic c
Page 28: Summary of Chapter 2:AlkenesNomencl

II Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes

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