Organization and Performance of Cotton Sectors in Africa ... - infoDev

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Section II. Historical Background and Conceptual Approach3. Historical Background and Recent Institutional Evolution of AfricanCotton Sectors 31Nicolas Gergely and Colin PoultonWest and Central Africa 31East and Southern Africa 384. A Typology of African Cotton Sectors 45Colin Poulton and David TschirleyCompetition and Coordination 46Dynamic Considerations 49Predicted Strengths and Weaknesses of Different Sector Types 51Conceptualization of the Links between Cotton Sector Organization andPerformance 54Section III. Comparative Analysis: Core Activities andService Delivery5. Pricing Systems and Prices Paid to Growers 65John Baffes, David Tschirley, and Nicolas GergelyPricing Mechanisms in WCA 66Pricing Mechanisms in ESA 68Comparing Pricing Performance at the Farmer Level 68Conclusions 716. Input Credit and Extension 73David TschirleyMali and Cameroon: Government Monopolies that Show Similar Strengthsand Weaknesses 74Local Monopolies: Vastly Differing Histories Complicate ComparativeAssessment in Mozambique and Burkina Faso 75Competitive Sectors: Tanzania and Uganda Struggle and Take VeryDifferent Paths to Ensure Input Supply, Extension, and Quality 76Concentrated, Market-Based Sectors: Zimbabwe andZambia Perform Well on Input Credit and Extension,but Face Instability 77Conclusions 817. Quality Control 87Gérald Estur, Colin Poulton, and David TschirleyImpact of Quality on Export Prices 90Impact of Sector Organization on Quality 92Conclusions 96viCONTENTS
8. Valorization of Seed Cotton By-Products 97Nicolas Gergely and Colin PoultonStructure and Organization of Oil Sectors 97Performance of Oil Sectors, Seed Pricing, and Returns to Farmers 101Conclusions 1039. Cotton Research 105Duncan Boughton and Colin PoultonCotton Research Organization and Performance 106Articulating Research Demand: Insights from the Typology? 108Conclusions 111Section IV. Comparative Analysis: Outcomes10. Yields and Returns to Farmers 117Colin Poulton, Patrick Labaste, and Duncan BoughtonCotton Yields 117Returns to Farmers 122Conclusions 131Annex A10. Methodology for Focus Group Discussion onFarmer Types 13411. Cost Efficiency of Companies, Overall Sector Competitiveness,and Macro Impact 139Nicolas GergelyCompany Cost Efficiency 140Overall Competitiveness 145Macro Impacts 14712. Conclusions 153Patrick Labaste, Colin Poulton, and David TschirleySummary of Expected and Realized Performance across Key Indicators 154Ways Forward for African Cotton: Cross-Cutting Challenges 164Ways Forward for Particular Sector Types 174Appendix A : Statistical Tables 181Notes 205Bibliography 213Index 219CONTENTSvii
Page 1: AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENTOr
Page 4 and 5: AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENTSe
Page 6 and 7: © 2009 The International Bank for
Page 11 and 12: BOXES, FIGURES, AND TABLESBoxes2.1
Page 13: 5.2 Summary of Pricing Mechanisms i
Page 16 and 17: eference are limited to neighboring
Page 19 and 20: ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis study was carri
Page 21 and 22: ABBREVIATIONS¢ U.S. centACPAgricul
Page 23: US$U shWAEMUWCAWTOU.S. dollarUganda
Page 26 and 27: output markets, improving productiv
Page 28 and 29: etween these competing needs, provi
Page 30 and 31: ■■■■■competition increase
Page 32 and 33: monopolies range from 0.98 to 1.15,
Page 34 and 35: macroeconomics, developments in com
Page 36 and 37: central body and that the state nee
Page 39 and 40: CHAPTER ONEIntroductionDavid Tschir
Page 41 and 42: The debate about how to deal with t
Page 43 and 44: Figure 1.1 Map of Africa Highlighti
Page 45: hypotheses about sector performance
Page 48 and 49: to reach 25 million tons of lint in
Page 50 and 51: cotton production was introduced in
Page 52 and 53: Figure 2.2 Nominal Cotton Prices (U
Page 54 and 55: Box 2.1 (Continued)Togo, 39 percent
Page 56 and 57: Box 2.2 Cotton SubsidiesCotton subs
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efers specifically to the presence
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picking, storage, handling, or tran
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national monopoly (state-owned or p
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SECTION TWOHistorical Background an
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shares belonging to governments, an
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Changes Made Since the End of the 1
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long-term development strategies, (
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possible link between price-setting
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production fell further, to lows of
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all aspects of the chain from input
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suggestions (a) of establishing fas
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Figure 4.1 Decision Tree for Cotton
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Figure 4.2 African Cotton Sector Ty
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Box 4.1 Is This Typology Specific t
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52Table 4.1 Trading Off: Strengths
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CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE LINKS BETW
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chosen in this book and the impact
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Table 4.3 Expected Performance alon
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Box 4.2 (Continued)Second, farmers
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SECTION THREEComparative Analysis:C
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PRICING MECHANISMS IN WCAPricing me
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efore planting, price risk in the s
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Table 5.3 Summary of Producer Share
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Finally, FOT price shares in WCA ro
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MALI AND CAMEROON: GOVERNMENT MONOP
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Significant in Mozambique, the comp
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Zimbabwe transitioned during the 19
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Box 6.1 (Continued)A move from a co
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82Table 6.1 Summary of Input Supply
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84Table 6.1 (Continued)IndicatorsCo
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CHAPTER SEVENQuality ControlGérald
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Tanzania Competitive 1 2 Very lax n
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Figure 7.1 Estimated Premium for To
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all fiber coming from Africa—are
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Box 7.1 (Continued)newly liberalize
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CHAPTER EIGHTValorization of SeedCo
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competitive market in some of the o
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a few years, it indicates that some
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should eventually make a difference
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CHAPTER NINECotton ResearchDuncan B
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With regard to human and financial
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■■■Be involved in setting res
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made royalty payments to CRI. When
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and to identify complementary inves
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CHAPTER TENYields and Returns toFar
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fact that 55 percent of cotton is p
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Yields by Farmer TypeTo assess perf
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Factors beyond company services als
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Table 10.1 Summary Crop Budgets by
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According to the focus group inform
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Figure 10.6 Net Margins after All C
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All other variables in the budgets
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Table 10.2Summary of Average Yield
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■■■■impression is given tha
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were based on a 2005 cotton farmer
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more recent data are not available
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Figure 11.1 Estimated Average Ginni
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to buy seed cotton immediately afte
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146Table 11.3 Overall Competitivene
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148Table 11.4 Total Value Added per
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Figure 11.3 Total Value Added per c
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CHAPTER TWELVEConclusionsPatrick La
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Table 12.1 Summary of Expected and
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Valorization ofby-productsValue of
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Macro impact■ Total value addedpe
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across concession zones, with newer
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high yields. However, a mixed pictu
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governance and regulatory structure
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against price and exchange rate ris
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Improvements in the Delivery of Ext
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esistant, “stacked” genes), and
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Just as improved sector management
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More-competitive systems are perhap
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■■■■Interprofessional commi
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were to occur, it would most likely
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APPENDIX AStatistical Tables181
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1989/90 43 111 383 40.7 95 0.491990
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1989/90 62 150 416 41.0 95 0.671990
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1989/90 43 89 482 41.3 95 0.651990/
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1989/90 99 189 521 42.8 85 0.541990
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1997/98 31 327 95 33 to 35 2,950 83
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1994/95 82 344 238 33 207.0 40.0119
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Table A8 ZambiaSeasonLint productio
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Table A9 ZimbabweSeasonLint product
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Table A10 Ginning and FOB-to-CIF Co
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1997/98 1.64 598 210 75 49 74 7.619
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1987/88 17,609 31,238 564 414 911 4
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206 NOTES11. Important cotton secto
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208 NOTES47. Benin is not included
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210 NOTES79. In Zimbabwe and Zambia
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BIBLIOGRAPHYBadiane, Ousmane, Dhane
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and Instability, ed. A. Sarris and
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World Bank. 2007. Strategies for Co
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CFA exchange rate, 17-18b, 19fcompa
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input credit and extension in, 77-8
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firm types, 211n93fixed prices, for
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productivity, 119, 121f, 205n8,209n
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key indicators, 56-58, 57-58t,155-5
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focus group discussions by farmerty
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technology transfer, 170-71by typol
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ECO-AUDITEnvironmental Benefits Sta
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