Organization and Performance of Cotton Sectors in Africa ... - infoDev

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key indicators, 56–58, 57–58t,155–59tmacroeconomic impact, 147–50,148–49t, 150f, 151t, 159toil and cake markets, 101–3,157t, 161overall competitiveness, 145–47,146f, 162–63structure, performance factorsbeyond, 59–60bstructure and performance of sector,link between, xxvii–xxx,54–58, 55f, 57–58t, 154,161–64pest controls and herbicides, 106, 108,127, 128, 169, 209n73,211n90–91Plexus, 76, 93, 206n24policy considerations. See also wayforward for SSA cottonsectorsfor national monopolies, 163oil and cake markets, verticalintegration with cottonginning industry, 99–100subsidies, policy shifts in U.S. andChina and, 15Poulton, Colin, 31, 45, 87, 97, 105,117, 153prices and pricing systems, 65–72conclusions regarding, 71–72elasticities in price transmission,306n14in ESA, 68, 69t, 71–72exchange rates, xxxii, 16–19, 17–18b,19f, 153expected versus realizedperformance, 155t, 160–61external factors affecting, 15–21FOB price, 66, 70, 199–201tforward sales contracts at fixedprices, 25FOT share, 65, 68–72, 70toil and cake markets, 101–3on call pricing, 25, 167overall decline in world cottonprices, 12, 14–15, 15fquality control and price of exportedcotton, 90–92, 91–92fquality issues, 21–24, 23tstatistical tables, 182–98tvolatility in, 14–16, 15–16fway forward for, 176in WCA, 66–68, 67t, 71–72privatization of cotton companiesin ESA, 41–42in WCA, 35–36productivity, 117–22in ESA, 118–22, 118fat farm level, 168by farmer type, 121–22, 121fin global context, 118–19, 118–20f,202–3tresearch on, 105–6, 111statistical tables, 182–98t, 202–3ttypology of sector, associationwith, 122in WCA, 105, 118–22, 118f, 120f,182–98t, 202–3tprofitability, 117–37by farmer typemethodology for focus groupdiscussions, 134–37productivity, 121–22, 121freturns to farmers, 123f, 124–26t,127, 128–29, 129f, 132returns to farmers. See returns tofarmersyield. See productivityquality control, 87–96conclusions regarding, 88–89t, 96contaminated cotton, 23–24expected versus realizedperformance, 155t, 160export prices impacted by, 90–92,91–92ffiber properties, 22–23, 23tmarket demands regarding,21–24, 23tby typology of sector, 87, 88–89t,92–96, 94–95b, 166way forward in, 165–66Quton Seed Company, 110–11228 INDEX
ed bollworm, 40reform of SSA cotton sectors. See alsoway forward for SSA cottonsectorsdefined, 8efforts at, xiii–xv, xxiii–xxiv, 6historical background, 34–38, 41–44key elements in, xxxi–xxxii, 153possible structural paths for,xxxii–xxxivsustainability, governance, andmanagement, 172typology, dynamism in, 175Reinhart, 206n24Republic of Congo, 17bRepublic of Korea, 14research on cotton, 105–13, 156t,161, 170returns to farmers, 122–31alternative scenarios, 130–31conclusions regarding, 131–32, 133tin ESA, 127, 128, 131, 132expected versus realizedperformance, 157–58t, 162family labor, value of, 127,128–30, 130fby farmer type, 123f, 124–26t, 127,128–29, 129f, 132impact of inputs on crop budgets,123–28, 124–26tkey indicators, 128–30, 129–30ftypology of sector, association with,122, 132, 133tin WCA, 127, 128, 129, 131, 132ring spun carded yarns, 22, 216n22ring spun combed yarns, 22, 23t,216n23roller ginning, 41, 49, 81b, 95, 103, 140,141t, 144, 178, 179, 210n79Savings and Credit Cooperatives,Tanzania, 179saw ginning, 32, 41, 140, 141t, 144,210n79seedbyproducts. See oil and cake marketsmarket for, 26, 207n27–28new cultivars, introduction of,107, 108townership of, 100prices, 101–3Senegal, xxvif, 17b, 48f, 207n35SICOSA, 50bsingle-channel systems. See monopolieswith single-channel marketingsystemsSN SITEC, 102SODECOTON, 26, 36, 74–75, 123,136, 163SOFITEX, 25, 33, 35, 36, 76, 99, 136,176, 208n48soil fertility, 54, 119, 123, 128, 131, 164,169–70, 179–80, 207n41SONAPRA, 25, 35South Africa, 100, 207n28, 211n92South Korea, 14SSA (sub-Saharan Africa), cottonsectors in. See cotton sectors inSSAStandardized Instrument for Testing ofCotton, 24structure and organizationof cotton research, 106–8of oil and cake markets, 97–101, 98tof SSA cotton sectors. See typologyof SSA cotton sectorssub-Saharan Africa (SSA), cotton sectorsin. See cotton sectors in SSAsubsidies, xxiv, 3–4, 15, 16, 19–21,20b, 153supply side of market for cotton,11–14, 13tsustainabilityimproving, 172–73structure as key factor in, xxxi–xxxiisynthetic fibers, competition from,14, 21Taiwan (China), 14Tajikistan, 50bTanzaniacompany cost efficiency in, 140, 141t,142f, 143f, 144, 145, 162,209n78INDEX 229
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AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENTOr
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AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENTSe
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© 2009 The International Bank for
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Section II. Historical Background a
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BOXES, FIGURES, AND TABLESBoxes2.1
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5.2 Summary of Pricing Mechanisms i
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eference are limited to neighboring
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis study was carri
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ABBREVIATIONS¢ U.S. centACPAgricul
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US$U shWAEMUWCAWTOU.S. dollarUganda
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output markets, improving productiv
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etween these competing needs, provi
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■■■■■competition increase
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monopolies range from 0.98 to 1.15,
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macroeconomics, developments in com
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central body and that the state nee
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CHAPTER ONEIntroductionDavid Tschir
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The debate about how to deal with t
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Figure 1.1 Map of Africa Highlighti
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hypotheses about sector performance
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to reach 25 million tons of lint in
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cotton production was introduced in
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Figure 2.2 Nominal Cotton Prices (U
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Box 2.1 (Continued)Togo, 39 percent
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Box 2.2 Cotton SubsidiesCotton subs
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efers specifically to the presence
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picking, storage, handling, or tran
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national monopoly (state-owned or p
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SECTION TWOHistorical Background an
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shares belonging to governments, an
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Changes Made Since the End of the 1
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long-term development strategies, (
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possible link between price-setting
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production fell further, to lows of
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all aspects of the chain from input
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suggestions (a) of establishing fas
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Figure 4.1 Decision Tree for Cotton
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Figure 4.2 African Cotton Sector Ty
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Box 4.1 Is This Typology Specific t
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52Table 4.1 Trading Off: Strengths
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CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE LINKS BETW
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chosen in this book and the impact
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Table 4.3 Expected Performance alon
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Box 4.2 (Continued)Second, farmers
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SECTION THREEComparative Analysis:C
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PRICING MECHANISMS IN WCAPricing me
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efore planting, price risk in the s
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Table 5.3 Summary of Producer Share
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Finally, FOT price shares in WCA ro
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MALI AND CAMEROON: GOVERNMENT MONOP
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Significant in Mozambique, the comp
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Zimbabwe transitioned during the 19
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Box 6.1 (Continued)A move from a co
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82Table 6.1 Summary of Input Supply
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84Table 6.1 (Continued)IndicatorsCo
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CHAPTER SEVENQuality ControlGérald
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Tanzania Competitive 1 2 Very lax n
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Figure 7.1 Estimated Premium for To
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all fiber coming from Africa—are
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Box 7.1 (Continued)newly liberalize
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CHAPTER EIGHTValorization of SeedCo
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competitive market in some of the o
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a few years, it indicates that some
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should eventually make a difference
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CHAPTER NINECotton ResearchDuncan B
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With regard to human and financial
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■■■Be involved in setting res
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made royalty payments to CRI. When
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and to identify complementary inves
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CHAPTER TENYields and Returns toFar
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fact that 55 percent of cotton is p
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Yields by Farmer TypeTo assess perf
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Factors beyond company services als
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Table 10.1 Summary Crop Budgets by
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According to the focus group inform
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Figure 10.6 Net Margins after All C
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All other variables in the budgets
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Table 10.2Summary of Average Yield
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■■■■impression is given tha
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were based on a 2005 cotton farmer
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more recent data are not available
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Figure 11.1 Estimated Average Ginni
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to buy seed cotton immediately afte
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146Table 11.3 Overall Competitivene
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148Table 11.4 Total Value Added per
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Figure 11.3 Total Value Added per c
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CHAPTER TWELVEConclusionsPatrick La
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Table 12.1 Summary of Expected and
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Valorization ofby-productsValue of
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Macro impact■ Total value addedpe
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across concession zones, with newer
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high yields. However, a mixed pictu
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governance and regulatory structure
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against price and exchange rate ris
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Improvements in the Delivery of Ext
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esistant, “stacked” genes), and
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Just as improved sector management
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More-competitive systems are perhap
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Page 217 and 218: APPENDIX AStatistical Tables181
Page 219 and 220: 1989/90 43 111 383 40.7 95 0.491990
Page 221 and 222: 1989/90 62 150 416 41.0 95 0.671990
Page 223 and 224: 1989/90 43 89 482 41.3 95 0.651990/
Page 225 and 226: 1989/90 99 189 521 42.8 85 0.541990
Page 227 and 228: 1997/98 31 327 95 33 to 35 2,950 83
Page 229 and 230: 1994/95 82 344 238 33 207.0 40.0119
Page 231 and 232: Table A8 ZambiaSeasonLint productio
Page 233 and 234: Table A9 ZimbabweSeasonLint product
Page 235 and 236: Table A10 Ginning and FOB-to-CIF Co
Page 237 and 238: 1997/98 1.64 598 210 75 49 74 7.619
Page 239: 1987/88 17,609 31,238 564 414 911 4
Page 242 and 243: 206 NOTES11. Important cotton secto
Page 244 and 245: 208 NOTES47. Benin is not included
Page 246 and 247: 210 NOTES79. In Zimbabwe and Zambia
Page 249 and 250: BIBLIOGRAPHYBadiane, Ousmane, Dhane
Page 251 and 252: and Instability, ed. A. Sarris and
Page 253: World Bank. 2007. Strategies for Co
Page 256 and 257: CFA exchange rate, 17-18b, 19fcompa
Page 258 and 259: input credit and extension in, 77-8
Page 260 and 261: firm types, 211n93fixed prices, for
Page 262 and 263: productivity, 119, 121f, 205n8,209n
Page 266 and 267: focus group discussions by farmerty
Page 268 and 269: technology transfer, 170-71by typol
Page 270: ECO-AUDITEnvironmental Benefits Sta
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