Organization and Performance of Cotton Sectors in Africa ... - infoDev

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CFA exchange rate, 17–18b, 19fcompany cost efficiency in, 139, 141t,142f, 143f, 144focus group discussions by farmertype, methodology for, 134,135, 136, 137historical background and recentevolution of cotton sector in,33–38inclusion in study, xxv, 6, 7finput credit and extension in, 74,75–76, 82t, 207n32macroeconomic impact of cottonsector in, 147, 148–49t,150f, 151tmarketing of cotton from, 25oil and cake markets, 27t, 97, 98t, 99,101–3, 161overall competitiveness, 146f, 163performance and structure of sector,link between, xxviii, 161, 163prices and pricing system in, 66,67t, 70tproductivity, 121f, 205n8, 208n48,209n71quality control in, 88t, 90research in, 106, 108treturns to farmers, 123f, 124–26t,127, 129f, 130–31, 133tstatistical tables, 184–85ton subsidies to cotton farmers,4, 21sustainability, governance, andmanagement of cotton sector,improving, 172threats to macroeconomic stabilityin, 4in typology of SSA cotton sector, xxv,xxvif, 48f, 49, 53, 175, 176byproducts. See oil and cake marketsC4 (Cotton-4) countries, xiv, 4, 21cake and oil markets. See oil and cakemarketsCameroonCFA exchange rate, 17bcompany cost efficiency in, 139, 141t,142f, 143f, 145farmer type, methodology for,136, 137historical background and recentevolution of cotton sector in,32–37inclusion in study, xxv, 6, 7finput credit and extension in,74–75, 82tmacroeconomic impact of cottonsector in, 148–49t, 150f, 151tmarketing of cotton from, 25oil and cake markets, 26, 27t, 97, 98t,99, 102overall competitiveness, 145, 146f,147, 163performance and structure of sector,link between, 163prices and pricing system in, 66, 67t,70t, 72, 207n45productivity, 121fquality control in, 88t, 90, 92, 96research in, 108treturns to farmers, 123, 123f,124–26t, 128, 129f, 133tstatistical tables, 186–87tin typology of SSA cotton sector, xxv,xxvif, 48f, 53, 175carded yarns, 22, 216n22Cargill, 42, 78, 79, 92, 95, 100b, 206n24,208n52, 208n61, 209n73,210n85CDF (Cotton Development Fund),Tanzania, 76, 110CDO (Cotton DevelopmentOrganization), Uganda, 76, 95CDT (Cotton Development Trust),Zambia, 110Central Africa Economic and MonetaryCommunity (CEMAC), 17bCentral African Republic, 17bCentral Asia, 12, 13t, 50bCentral Bank of West African States,17bCentre International de RechercheAgronomique pour leDéveloppement (CIRAD), 32CFA. See Communauté Françaised’Afrique220 INDEX
ChadCFA exchange rate, 17–18bprivatization of cotton companiesin, 36productivity in, 209n71on subsidies to cotton farmers, 4, 21in typology of SSA cotton sector,xxvif, 48fChinaas consumer of cotton, 14downstream industries, integrationof cotton sector with, 50bexchange rate, 18, 19fpolicy shifts in, 15production of cotton in, 12productivity, 120subsidies to cotton farmers in, xxiv,3, 16, 153support for cotton industry in,206n14CIF (cost, insurance, and freight) costs,199–201tCIRAD (Centre International deRecherche Agronomique pourle Développement), 32Clark Cotton, 42, 78–79, 92, 208n52CMB (Cotton Marketing Board),Zimbabwe, 40, 60b, 78, 95,110, 130CMDT (Compagnie Malienne deDéveloppement des FibresTextiles), 4, 31–33, 35–36, 106,207n30–31combed yarns, 22, 23t, 216n23Commercial Farmers’ Union, 110Communauté Française d’Afrique(CFA)exchange rate, xxxii, 17–18b, 142franc devaluation in, 17–18b, 68,107, 142growth of lint production in, 4oil and cake pricing in, 102Compagnie Malienne deDéveloppement des FibresTextiles (CMDT), 4, 31–33,35–36, 106, 207n30–31Companhia Nacional de Algodão,76, 93company performance and costefficiency, 139–45, 141t, 142f,143t, 144f, 157t, 162company types, 211n93competitive market systems, 46. See alsoTanzaniacompany cost efficiency in, 141t,144–45, 162coordination and competition in,46–48in decision tree of typologies, 46fdynamism in, 39, 79–80b, 175expected FOT shares, 65input credit and extension in,76–77, 81oil and cake markets, 99overall competitiveness, 145, 146fperformance and structure of sector,link between, 58t, 154,161–64predicted strengths and weaknesses,51, 53quality control in, 87, 88–89t, 93–96,94–95brealized versus expectedperformance along keyindicators, 58tresearch and, 109returns to farmers, 133tsustainability, governance, andmanagement of, 172way forward for, 178–80competitivenessoverall competitiveness of SSAcotton sectors, 145–47, 146f,162–63structure as key factor in, xxxi–xxxiiconcentrated market systems, 46. Seealso Zambia; Zimbabwecompany cost efficiency in, 141t,144–45, 162coordination and competition in,46–48in decision tree of typologies, 46fdynamism in, 39, 79–80bexpected FOT shares, 65expected performance along keyindicators, 58tINDEX 221
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AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENTOr
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AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENTSe
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© 2009 The International Bank for
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Section II. Historical Background a
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BOXES, FIGURES, AND TABLESBoxes2.1
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5.2 Summary of Pricing Mechanisms i
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eference are limited to neighboring
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis study was carri
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ABBREVIATIONS¢ U.S. centACPAgricul
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US$U shWAEMUWCAWTOU.S. dollarUganda
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output markets, improving productiv
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etween these competing needs, provi
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■■■■■competition increase
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monopolies range from 0.98 to 1.15,
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macroeconomics, developments in com
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central body and that the state nee
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CHAPTER ONEIntroductionDavid Tschir
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The debate about how to deal with t
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Figure 1.1 Map of Africa Highlighti
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hypotheses about sector performance
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to reach 25 million tons of lint in
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cotton production was introduced in
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Figure 2.2 Nominal Cotton Prices (U
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Box 2.1 (Continued)Togo, 39 percent
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Box 2.2 Cotton SubsidiesCotton subs
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efers specifically to the presence
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picking, storage, handling, or tran
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national monopoly (state-owned or p
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SECTION TWOHistorical Background an
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shares belonging to governments, an
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Changes Made Since the End of the 1
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long-term development strategies, (
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possible link between price-setting
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production fell further, to lows of
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all aspects of the chain from input
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suggestions (a) of establishing fas
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Figure 4.1 Decision Tree for Cotton
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Figure 4.2 African Cotton Sector Ty
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Box 4.1 Is This Typology Specific t
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52Table 4.1 Trading Off: Strengths
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CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE LINKS BETW
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chosen in this book and the impact
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Table 4.3 Expected Performance alon
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Box 4.2 (Continued)Second, farmers
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SECTION THREEComparative Analysis:C
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PRICING MECHANISMS IN WCAPricing me
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efore planting, price risk in the s
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Table 5.3 Summary of Producer Share
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Finally, FOT price shares in WCA ro
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MALI AND CAMEROON: GOVERNMENT MONOP
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Significant in Mozambique, the comp
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Zimbabwe transitioned during the 19
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Box 6.1 (Continued)A move from a co
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82Table 6.1 Summary of Input Supply
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84Table 6.1 (Continued)IndicatorsCo
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CHAPTER SEVENQuality ControlGérald
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Tanzania Competitive 1 2 Very lax n
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Figure 7.1 Estimated Premium for To
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all fiber coming from Africa—are
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Box 7.1 (Continued)newly liberalize
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CHAPTER EIGHTValorization of SeedCo
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competitive market in some of the o
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a few years, it indicates that some
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should eventually make a difference
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CHAPTER NINECotton ResearchDuncan B
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With regard to human and financial
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■■■Be involved in setting res
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made royalty payments to CRI. When
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and to identify complementary inves
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CHAPTER TENYields and Returns toFar
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fact that 55 percent of cotton is p
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Yields by Farmer TypeTo assess perf
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Factors beyond company services als
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Table 10.1 Summary Crop Budgets by
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According to the focus group inform
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Figure 10.6 Net Margins after All C
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All other variables in the budgets
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Table 10.2Summary of Average Yield
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■■■■impression is given tha
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were based on a 2005 cotton farmer
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more recent data are not available
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Figure 11.1 Estimated Average Ginni
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to buy seed cotton immediately afte
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146Table 11.3 Overall Competitivene
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148Table 11.4 Total Value Added per
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Figure 11.3 Total Value Added per c
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CHAPTER TWELVEConclusionsPatrick La
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Table 12.1 Summary of Expected and
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Valorization ofby-productsValue of
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Macro impact■ Total value addedpe
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across concession zones, with newer
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high yields. However, a mixed pictu
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governance and regulatory structure
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against price and exchange rate ris
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Page 207 and 208: esistant, “stacked” genes), and
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Page 217 and 218: APPENDIX AStatistical Tables181
Page 219 and 220: 1989/90 43 111 383 40.7 95 0.491990
Page 221 and 222: 1989/90 62 150 416 41.0 95 0.671990
Page 223 and 224: 1989/90 43 89 482 41.3 95 0.651990/
Page 225 and 226: 1989/90 99 189 521 42.8 85 0.541990
Page 227 and 228: 1997/98 31 327 95 33 to 35 2,950 83
Page 229 and 230: 1994/95 82 344 238 33 207.0 40.0119
Page 231 and 232: Table A8 ZambiaSeasonLint productio
Page 233 and 234: Table A9 ZimbabweSeasonLint product
Page 235 and 236: Table A10 Ginning and FOB-to-CIF Co
Page 237 and 238: 1997/98 1.64 598 210 75 49 74 7.619
Page 239: 1987/88 17,609 31,238 564 414 911 4
Page 242 and 243: 206 NOTES11. Important cotton secto
Page 244 and 245: 208 NOTES47. Benin is not included
Page 246 and 247: 210 NOTES79. In Zimbabwe and Zambia
Page 249 and 250: BIBLIOGRAPHYBadiane, Ousmane, Dhane
Page 251 and 252: and Instability, ed. A. Sarris and
Page 253: World Bank. 2007. Strategies for Co
Page 258 and 259: input credit and extension in, 77-8
Page 260 and 261: firm types, 211n93fixed prices, for
Page 262 and 263: productivity, 119, 121f, 205n8,209n
Page 264 and 265: key indicators, 56-58, 57-58t,155-5
Page 266 and 267: focus group discussions by farmerty
Page 268 and 269: technology transfer, 170-71by typol
Page 270: ECO-AUDITEnvironmental Benefits Sta
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