CFA exchange rate, 17–18b, 19fcompany cost efficiency <strong>in</strong>, 139, 141t,142f, 143f, 144focus group discussions by farmertype, methodology for, 134,135, 136, 137historical background <strong>and</strong> recentevolution <strong>of</strong> cotton sector <strong>in</strong>,33–38<strong>in</strong>clusion <strong>in</strong> study, xxv, 6, 7f<strong>in</strong>put credit <strong>and</strong> extension <strong>in</strong>, 74,75–76, 82t, 207n32macroeconomic impact <strong>of</strong> cottonsector <strong>in</strong>, 147, 148–49t,150f, 151tmarket<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> cotton from, 25oil <strong>and</strong> cake markets, 27t, 97, 98t, 99,101–3, 161overall competitiveness, 146f, 163performance <strong>and</strong> structure <strong>of</strong> sector,l<strong>in</strong>k between, xxviii, 161, 163prices <strong>and</strong> pric<strong>in</strong>g system <strong>in</strong>, 66,67t, 70tproductivity, 121f, 205n8, 208n48,209n71quality control <strong>in</strong>, 88t, 90research <strong>in</strong>, 106, 108treturns to farmers, 123f, 124–26t,127, 129f, 130–31, 133tstatistical tables, 184–85ton subsidies to cotton farmers,4, 21susta<strong>in</strong>ability, governance, <strong>and</strong>management <strong>of</strong> cotton sector,improv<strong>in</strong>g, 172threats to macroeconomic stability<strong>in</strong>, 4<strong>in</strong> typology <strong>of</strong> SSA cotton sector, xxv,xxvif, 48f, 49, 53, 175, 176byproducts. See oil <strong>and</strong> cake marketsC4 (<strong>Cotton</strong>-4) countries, xiv, 4, 21cake <strong>and</strong> oil markets. See oil <strong>and</strong> cakemarketsCameroonCFA exchange rate, 17bcompany cost efficiency <strong>in</strong>, 139, 141t,142f, 143f, 145farmer type, methodology for,136, 137historical background <strong>and</strong> recentevolution <strong>of</strong> cotton sector <strong>in</strong>,32–37<strong>in</strong>clusion <strong>in</strong> study, xxv, 6, 7f<strong>in</strong>put credit <strong>and</strong> extension <strong>in</strong>,74–75, 82tmacroeconomic impact <strong>of</strong> cottonsector <strong>in</strong>, 148–49t, 150f, 151tmarket<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> cotton from, 25oil <strong>and</strong> cake markets, 26, 27t, 97, 98t,99, 102overall competitiveness, 145, 146f,147, 163performance <strong>and</strong> structure <strong>of</strong> sector,l<strong>in</strong>k between, 163prices <strong>and</strong> pric<strong>in</strong>g system <strong>in</strong>, 66, 67t,70t, 72, 207n45productivity, 121fquality control <strong>in</strong>, 88t, 90, 92, 96research <strong>in</strong>, 108treturns to farmers, 123, 123f,124–26t, 128, 129f, 133tstatistical tables, 186–87t<strong>in</strong> typology <strong>of</strong> SSA cotton sector, xxv,xxvif, 48f, 53, 175carded yarns, 22, 216n22Cargill, 42, 78, 79, 92, 95, 100b, 206n24,208n52, 208n61, 209n73,210n85CDF (<strong>Cotton</strong> Development Fund),Tanzania, 76, 110CDO (<strong>Cotton</strong> Development<strong>Organization</strong>), Ug<strong>and</strong>a, 76, 95CDT (<strong>Cotton</strong> Development Trust),Zambia, 110Central <strong>Africa</strong> Economic <strong>and</strong> MonetaryCommunity (CEMAC), 17bCentral <strong>Africa</strong>n Republic, 17bCentral Asia, 12, 13t, 50bCentral Bank <strong>of</strong> West <strong>Africa</strong>n States,17bCentre International de RechercheAgronomique pour leDéveloppement (CIRAD), 32CFA. See Communauté Françaised’Afrique220 INDEX
ChadCFA exchange rate, 17–18bprivatization <strong>of</strong> cotton companies<strong>in</strong>, 36productivity <strong>in</strong>, 209n71on subsidies to cotton farmers, 4, 21<strong>in</strong> typology <strong>of</strong> SSA cotton sector,xxvif, 48fCh<strong>in</strong>aas consumer <strong>of</strong> cotton, 14downstream <strong>in</strong>dustries, <strong>in</strong>tegration<strong>of</strong> cotton sector with, 50bexchange rate, 18, 19fpolicy shifts <strong>in</strong>, 15production <strong>of</strong> cotton <strong>in</strong>, 12productivity, 120subsidies to cotton farmers <strong>in</strong>, xxiv,3, 16, 153support for cotton <strong>in</strong>dustry <strong>in</strong>,206n14CIF (cost, <strong>in</strong>surance, <strong>and</strong> freight) costs,199–201tCIRAD (Centre International deRecherche Agronomique pourle Développement), 32Clark <strong>Cotton</strong>, 42, 78–79, 92, 208n52CMB (<strong>Cotton</strong> Market<strong>in</strong>g Board),Zimbabwe, 40, 60b, 78, 95,110, 130CMDT (Compagnie Malienne deDéveloppement des FibresTextiles), 4, 31–33, 35–36, 106,207n30–31combed yarns, 22, 23t, 216n23Commercial Farmers’ Union, 110Communauté Française d’Afrique(CFA)exchange rate, xxxii, 17–18b, 142franc devaluation <strong>in</strong>, 17–18b, 68,107, 142growth <strong>of</strong> l<strong>in</strong>t production <strong>in</strong>, 4oil <strong>and</strong> cake pric<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>, 102Compagnie Malienne deDéveloppement des FibresTextiles (CMDT), 4, 31–33,35–36, 106, 207n30–31Companhia Nacional de Algodão,76, 93company performance <strong>and</strong> costefficiency, 139–45, 141t, 142f,143t, 144f, 157t, 162company types, 211n93competitive market systems, 46. See alsoTanzaniacompany cost efficiency <strong>in</strong>, 141t,144–45, 162coord<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>and</strong> competition <strong>in</strong>,46–48<strong>in</strong> decision tree <strong>of</strong> typologies, 46fdynamism <strong>in</strong>, 39, 79–80b, 175expected FOT shares, 65<strong>in</strong>put credit <strong>and</strong> extension <strong>in</strong>,76–77, 81oil <strong>and</strong> cake markets, 99overall competitiveness, 145, 146fperformance <strong>and</strong> structure <strong>of</strong> sector,l<strong>in</strong>k between, 58t, 154,161–64predicted strengths <strong>and</strong> weaknesses,51, 53quality control <strong>in</strong>, 87, 88–89t, 93–96,94–95brealized versus expectedperformance along key<strong>in</strong>dicators, 58tresearch <strong>and</strong>, 109returns to farmers, 133tsusta<strong>in</strong>ability, governance, <strong>and</strong>management <strong>of</strong>, 172way forward for, 178–80competitivenessoverall competitiveness <strong>of</strong> SSAcotton sectors, 145–47, 146f,162–63structure as key factor <strong>in</strong>, xxxi–xxxiiconcentrated market systems, 46. Seealso Zambia; Zimbabwecompany cost efficiency <strong>in</strong>, 141t,144–45, 162coord<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>and</strong> competition <strong>in</strong>,46–48<strong>in</strong> decision tree <strong>of</strong> typologies, 46fdynamism <strong>in</strong>, 39, 79–80bexpected FOT shares, 65expected performance along key<strong>in</strong>dicators, 58tINDEX 221
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AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENTOr
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AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENTSe
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© 2009 The International Bank for
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Section II. Historical Background a
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BOXES, FIGURES, AND TABLESBoxes2.1
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5.2 Summary of Pricing Mechanisms i
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eference are limited to neighboring
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis study was carri
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ABBREVIATIONS¢ U.S. centACPAgricul
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US$U shWAEMUWCAWTOU.S. dollarUganda
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output markets, improving productiv
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etween these competing needs, provi
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■■■■■competition increase
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monopolies range from 0.98 to 1.15,
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macroeconomics, developments in com
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central body and that the state nee
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CHAPTER ONEIntroductionDavid Tschir
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The debate about how to deal with t
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Figure 1.1 Map of Africa Highlighti
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hypotheses about sector performance
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to reach 25 million tons of lint in
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cotton production was introduced in
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Figure 2.2 Nominal Cotton Prices (U
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Box 2.1 (Continued)Togo, 39 percent
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Box 2.2 Cotton SubsidiesCotton subs
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efers specifically to the presence
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picking, storage, handling, or tran
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national monopoly (state-owned or p
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SECTION TWOHistorical Background an
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shares belonging to governments, an
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Changes Made Since the End of the 1
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long-term development strategies, (
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possible link between price-setting
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production fell further, to lows of
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all aspects of the chain from input
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suggestions (a) of establishing fas
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Figure 4.1 Decision Tree for Cotton
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Figure 4.2 African Cotton Sector Ty
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Box 4.1 Is This Typology Specific t
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52Table 4.1 Trading Off: Strengths
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CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE LINKS BETW
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chosen in this book and the impact
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Table 4.3 Expected Performance alon
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Box 4.2 (Continued)Second, farmers
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SECTION THREEComparative Analysis:C
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PRICING MECHANISMS IN WCAPricing me
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efore planting, price risk in the s
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Table 5.3 Summary of Producer Share
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Finally, FOT price shares in WCA ro
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MALI AND CAMEROON: GOVERNMENT MONOP
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Significant in Mozambique, the comp
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Zimbabwe transitioned during the 19
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Box 6.1 (Continued)A move from a co
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82Table 6.1 Summary of Input Supply
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84Table 6.1 (Continued)IndicatorsCo
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CHAPTER SEVENQuality ControlGérald
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Tanzania Competitive 1 2 Very lax n
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Figure 7.1 Estimated Premium for To
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all fiber coming from Africa—are
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Box 7.1 (Continued)newly liberalize
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CHAPTER EIGHTValorization of SeedCo
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competitive market in some of the o
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a few years, it indicates that some
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should eventually make a difference
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CHAPTER NINECotton ResearchDuncan B
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With regard to human and financial
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■■■Be involved in setting res
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made royalty payments to CRI. When
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and to identify complementary inves
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CHAPTER TENYields and Returns toFar
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fact that 55 percent of cotton is p
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Yields by Farmer TypeTo assess perf
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Factors beyond company services als
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Table 10.1 Summary Crop Budgets by
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According to the focus group inform
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Figure 10.6 Net Margins after All C
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All other variables in the budgets
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Table 10.2Summary of Average Yield
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■■■■impression is given tha
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were based on a 2005 cotton farmer
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more recent data are not available
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Figure 11.1 Estimated Average Ginni
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to buy seed cotton immediately afte
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146Table 11.3 Overall Competitivene
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148Table 11.4 Total Value Added per
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Figure 11.3 Total Value Added per c
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CHAPTER TWELVEConclusionsPatrick La
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Table 12.1 Summary of Expected and
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Valorization ofby-productsValue of
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Macro impact■ Total value addedpe
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across concession zones, with newer
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high yields. However, a mixed pictu
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governance and regulatory structure
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against price and exchange rate ris
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- Page 217 and 218: APPENDIX AStatistical Tables181
- Page 219 and 220: 1989/90 43 111 383 40.7 95 0.491990
- Page 221 and 222: 1989/90 62 150 416 41.0 95 0.671990
- Page 223 and 224: 1989/90 43 89 482 41.3 95 0.651990/
- Page 225 and 226: 1989/90 99 189 521 42.8 85 0.541990
- Page 227 and 228: 1997/98 31 327 95 33 to 35 2,950 83
- Page 229 and 230: 1994/95 82 344 238 33 207.0 40.0119
- Page 231 and 232: Table A8 ZambiaSeasonLint productio
- Page 233 and 234: Table A9 ZimbabweSeasonLint product
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- Page 237 and 238: 1997/98 1.64 598 210 75 49 74 7.619
- Page 239: 1987/88 17,609 31,238 564 414 911 4
- Page 242 and 243: 206 NOTES11. Important cotton secto
- Page 244 and 245: 208 NOTES47. Benin is not included
- Page 246 and 247: 210 NOTES79. In Zimbabwe and Zambia
- Page 249 and 250: BIBLIOGRAPHYBadiane, Ousmane, Dhane
- Page 251 and 252: and Instability, ed. A. Sarris and
- Page 253: World Bank. 2007. Strategies for Co
- Page 258 and 259: input credit and extension in, 77-8
- Page 260 and 261: firm types, 211n93fixed prices, for
- Page 262 and 263: productivity, 119, 121f, 205n8,209n
- Page 264 and 265: key indicators, 56-58, 57-58t,155-5
- Page 266 and 267: focus group discussions by farmerty
- Page 268 and 269: technology transfer, 170-71by typol
- Page 270: ECO-AUDITEnvironmental Benefits Sta