Organization and Performance of Cotton Sectors in Africa ... - infoDev

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200Table A10 (continued)FOB-to-CIF costsSeasonNominalCotlook AIndex ($/kg)Exchange rate(CFA f/$)Ginning costs(CFA f/kg)Sea freightcosts ($/ton)Marketingcosts ($/ton)CFA f/kg of lint% of theCotlook AIndex1985/86 1.08 378 150 110 32 50 13.21986/87 1.37 316 150 100 41 43 10.31987/88 1.60 295 135 95 48 42 8.91988/89 1.46 308 120 95 44 44 9.51989/90 1.77 305 125 95 53 42 8.41990/91 1.81 273 120 90 54 40 8.01991/92 1.50 281 115 90 45 36 9.01992/93 1.30 269 120 90 39 36 9.91993/94 1.50 411 150 90 45 68 9.01994/95 2.02 522 175 90 61 77 7.51995/96 1.91 500 190 90 57 75 7.71996/97 1.76 538 200 80 53 75 7.5
1997/98 1.64 598 210 75 49 74 7.61998/99 1.35 593 225 70 40 67 8.21999/2000 1.20 649 230 65 36 70 8.42000/01 1.27 731 245 60 38 72 7.72001/02 0.97 731 225 55 29 60 8.62002/03 1.16 648 220 60 35 57 8.22003/04 1.47 555 215 55 38 50 6.32004/05 1.23 524 220 55 32 46 7.12005/06 1.24 535 225 60 32 49 7.4Sources: Country sources (see tables A1 through A9), World Bank, and International Monetary Fund International Financial Statistics.Note: FOB = free on board; CIF = cost, insurance, and freight. According to International Cotton Advisory Council classification, “All West and Central Africa”includes the four WCA countries in this study (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, and Mali) plus the Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea,Niger, Madagascar, Senegal, and Togo. The Cotlook A Index (cotton lint) and the CFA f/$ exchange rate were calculated as averages over March through July toaccount for the fact that most cotton is marketed during this period. Marketing costs were calculated as 3 percent of the Cotlook A Index through 2002/03 and2.6 percent afterward. The ginning costs are as reported by the cotton companies (averages for the entire WCA) and are expressed in terms of cotton lint.201
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AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENTOr
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AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENTSe
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© 2009 The International Bank for
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Section II. Historical Background a
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BOXES, FIGURES, AND TABLESBoxes2.1
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5.2 Summary of Pricing Mechanisms i
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eference are limited to neighboring
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis study was carri
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ABBREVIATIONS¢ U.S. centACPAgricul
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US$U shWAEMUWCAWTOU.S. dollarUganda
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output markets, improving productiv
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etween these competing needs, provi
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■■■■■competition increase
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monopolies range from 0.98 to 1.15,
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macroeconomics, developments in com
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central body and that the state nee
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CHAPTER ONEIntroductionDavid Tschir
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The debate about how to deal with t
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Figure 1.1 Map of Africa Highlighti
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hypotheses about sector performance
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to reach 25 million tons of lint in
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cotton production was introduced in
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Figure 2.2 Nominal Cotton Prices (U
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Box 2.1 (Continued)Togo, 39 percent
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Box 2.2 Cotton SubsidiesCotton subs
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efers specifically to the presence
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picking, storage, handling, or tran
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national monopoly (state-owned or p
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SECTION TWOHistorical Background an
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shares belonging to governments, an
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Changes Made Since the End of the 1
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long-term development strategies, (
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possible link between price-setting
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production fell further, to lows of
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all aspects of the chain from input
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suggestions (a) of establishing fas
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Figure 4.1 Decision Tree for Cotton
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Figure 4.2 African Cotton Sector Ty
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Box 4.1 Is This Typology Specific t
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52Table 4.1 Trading Off: Strengths
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CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE LINKS BETW
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chosen in this book and the impact
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Table 4.3 Expected Performance alon
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Box 4.2 (Continued)Second, farmers
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SECTION THREEComparative Analysis:C
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PRICING MECHANISMS IN WCAPricing me
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efore planting, price risk in the s
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Table 5.3 Summary of Producer Share
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Finally, FOT price shares in WCA ro
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MALI AND CAMEROON: GOVERNMENT MONOP
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Significant in Mozambique, the comp
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Zimbabwe transitioned during the 19
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Box 6.1 (Continued)A move from a co
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82Table 6.1 Summary of Input Supply
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84Table 6.1 (Continued)IndicatorsCo
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CHAPTER SEVENQuality ControlGérald
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Tanzania Competitive 1 2 Very lax n
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Figure 7.1 Estimated Premium for To
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all fiber coming from Africa—are
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Box 7.1 (Continued)newly liberalize
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CHAPTER EIGHTValorization of SeedCo
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competitive market in some of the o
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a few years, it indicates that some
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should eventually make a difference
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CHAPTER NINECotton ResearchDuncan B
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With regard to human and financial
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■■■Be involved in setting res
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made royalty payments to CRI. When
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and to identify complementary inves
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CHAPTER TENYields and Returns toFar
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fact that 55 percent of cotton is p
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Yields by Farmer TypeTo assess perf
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Factors beyond company services als
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Table 10.1 Summary Crop Budgets by
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According to the focus group inform
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Figure 10.6 Net Margins after All C
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All other variables in the budgets
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Table 10.2Summary of Average Yield
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■■■■impression is given tha
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were based on a 2005 cotton farmer
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more recent data are not available
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Figure 11.1 Estimated Average Ginni
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to buy seed cotton immediately afte
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146Table 11.3 Overall Competitivene
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148Table 11.4 Total Value Added per
Page 186 and 187: Figure 11.3 Total Value Added per c
Page 189 and 190: CHAPTER TWELVEConclusionsPatrick La
Page 191 and 192: Table 12.1 Summary of Expected and
Page 193 and 194: Valorization ofby-productsValue of
Page 195 and 196: Macro impact■ Total value addedpe
Page 197 and 198: across concession zones, with newer
Page 199 and 200: high yields. However, a mixed pictu
Page 201 and 202: governance and regulatory structure
Page 203 and 204: against price and exchange rate ris
Page 205 and 206: Improvements in the Delivery of Ext
Page 207 and 208: esistant, “stacked” genes), and
Page 209 and 210: Just as improved sector management
Page 211 and 212: More-competitive systems are perhap
Page 213 and 214: ■■■■Interprofessional commi
Page 215 and 216: were to occur, it would most likely
Page 217 and 218: APPENDIX AStatistical Tables181
Page 219 and 220: 1989/90 43 111 383 40.7 95 0.491990
Page 221 and 222: 1989/90 62 150 416 41.0 95 0.671990
Page 223 and 224: 1989/90 43 89 482 41.3 95 0.651990/
Page 225 and 226: 1989/90 99 189 521 42.8 85 0.541990
Page 227 and 228: 1997/98 31 327 95 33 to 35 2,950 83
Page 229 and 230: 1994/95 82 344 238 33 207.0 40.0119
Page 231 and 232: Table A8 ZambiaSeasonLint productio
Page 233 and 234: Table A9 ZimbabweSeasonLint product
Page 235: Table A10 Ginning and FOB-to-CIF Co
Page 239: 1987/88 17,609 31,238 564 414 911 4
Page 242 and 243: 206 NOTES11. Important cotton secto
Page 244 and 245: 208 NOTES47. Benin is not included
Page 246 and 247: 210 NOTES79. In Zimbabwe and Zambia
Page 249 and 250: BIBLIOGRAPHYBadiane, Ousmane, Dhane
Page 251 and 252: and Instability, ed. A. Sarris and
Page 253: World Bank. 2007. Strategies for Co
Page 256 and 257: CFA exchange rate, 17-18b, 19fcompa
Page 258 and 259: input credit and extension in, 77-8
Page 260 and 261: firm types, 211n93fixed prices, for
Page 262 and 263: productivity, 119, 121f, 205n8,209n
Page 264 and 265: key indicators, 56-58, 57-58t,155-5
Page 266 and 267: focus group discussions by farmerty
Page 268 and 269: technology transfer, 170-71by typol
Page 270: ECO-AUDITEnvironmental Benefits Sta
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