Organization and Performance of Cotton Sectors in Africa ... - infoDev

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The team is thankful to the peer reviewers—B. Losch (AFTSD), A. Touré(AFTSD), C. Delgado (ARD), S. Jaffee (ARD), and B. Shamsiev (ECSSD, WorldBank)—as well as to Stephen Mink (AFTSD) and Quentin Wodon (PovertyReduction and Economic Management Group, World Bank), for their usefuladvice and guidance.The authors want to thank the various individuals in the cotton business, inSub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere, who provided advice and information forthis study. It is not possible to give a full list of contributors, but the teamwould like to particularly acknowledge the inputs and contributions providedby R. Chaudhry and A. Gruère (International Cotton Advisory Committee);M. Cour, M. Le Grix, and L. Humbert (Agence Française de Développement);P. Texier (Développement des Agro-Industries du Sud [DAGRIS]); A. Gruson(SODECOTON); D. Babin, C. Konaté, and I. Coulibaly (CIRAD/CMDT);D. Dakou (SOFITEX); L. Godart (SOCOMA); W. Maro, J. Kabissa, andM. Mtunga (Tanzania); B. Hanyani-Mlambo and J. Battershell (Zimbabwe);S. Kabwe and T. Isherwood (Dunavant/Zambia); and the management ofCargill/Zambia.Many thanks to colleagues in the World Bank field offices: C. Ngomba,Y. Sangho, H. Gordon, and I. Nébié who facilitated the field visits in Cameroon,Mali, Tanzania, and Burkina Faso, respectively, as well as to N. Ahouissoussiand A. Mwakanawele, who provided comments on country case studies, andM. Sadler who commented on the final draft report. The team also expresses itsappreciation to A. Diawara, M. Barton-Dock, K. Brooks, and J. McIntire fromthe World Bank who supported the initiative right from the beginning andmade this undertaking feasible.The team is also grateful to W. Olthof (Directorate General for Development,European Commission) and V. Gnassounou of the Secretariat of theAfrican, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States, in Brussels, for their interestand support in this research project.Finally, a special word of thanks to those who provided administrativesupport throughout the process and contributed to the creation of the report:V. Vaselopulos, H. Page, M.-C. Fundi, M. Diallo, and P. Sadé of the World Bank;and J. Keel of Michigan State University, and special thanks to E. Kline of theWorld Bank, who handled with remarkable care and dedication the final editingand publication process.xviiiACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ABBREVIATIONS¢ U.S. centACPAgriculture Commodities ProgrammeAMAAgricultural Marketing AuthorityARD/CRMG Agriculture and Rural Development/Commodity RiskManagement GroupASARECA Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research inEastern and Central AfricaBEACBank of Central African StatesC4Cotton-4CDFCotton Development FundCDOCotton Development OrganizationCDTCotton Development TrustCEMACCentral Africa Economic and Minetary CommunityCFACommunauté Française d’Afrique (French communityof Africa)CFAFCFA francCFDTCompagnie Française pour le Développement desFibres TextilesCIFcost, insurance, and freightCIRADCentre International de Recherche Agronomique pourle DéveloppementCMBCotton Marketing Boardxix
Page 1: AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENTOr
Page 4 and 5: AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENTSe
Page 6 and 7: © 2009 The International Bank for
Page 8 and 9: Section II. Historical Background a
Page 11 and 12: BOXES, FIGURES, AND TABLESBoxes2.1
Page 13: 5.2 Summary of Pricing Mechanisms i
Page 16 and 17: eference are limited to neighboring
Page 19: ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis study was carri
Page 23: US$U shWAEMUWCAWTOU.S. dollarUganda
Page 26 and 27: output markets, improving productiv
Page 28 and 29: etween these competing needs, provi
Page 30 and 31: ■■■■■competition increase
Page 32 and 33: monopolies range from 0.98 to 1.15,
Page 34 and 35: macroeconomics, developments in com
Page 36 and 37: central body and that the state nee
Page 39 and 40: CHAPTER ONEIntroductionDavid Tschir
Page 41 and 42: The debate about how to deal with t
Page 43 and 44: Figure 1.1 Map of Africa Highlighti
Page 45: hypotheses about sector performance
Page 48 and 49: to reach 25 million tons of lint in
Page 50 and 51: cotton production was introduced in
Page 52 and 53: Figure 2.2 Nominal Cotton Prices (U
Page 54 and 55: Box 2.1 (Continued)Togo, 39 percent
Page 56 and 57: Box 2.2 Cotton SubsidiesCotton subs
Page 58 and 59: efers specifically to the presence
Page 60 and 61: picking, storage, handling, or tran
Page 62 and 63: national monopoly (state-owned or p
Page 65: SECTION TWOHistorical Background an
Page 68 and 69: shares belonging to governments, an
Page 70 and 71:
Changes Made Since the End of the 1
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long-term development strategies, (
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possible link between price-setting
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production fell further, to lows of
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all aspects of the chain from input
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suggestions (a) of establishing fas
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Figure 4.1 Decision Tree for Cotton
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Figure 4.2 African Cotton Sector Ty
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Box 4.1 Is This Typology Specific t
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52Table 4.1 Trading Off: Strengths
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CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE LINKS BETW
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chosen in this book and the impact
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Table 4.3 Expected Performance alon
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Box 4.2 (Continued)Second, farmers
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SECTION THREEComparative Analysis:C
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PRICING MECHANISMS IN WCAPricing me
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efore planting, price risk in the s
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Table 5.3 Summary of Producer Share
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Finally, FOT price shares in WCA ro
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MALI AND CAMEROON: GOVERNMENT MONOP
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Significant in Mozambique, the comp
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Zimbabwe transitioned during the 19
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Box 6.1 (Continued)A move from a co
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82Table 6.1 Summary of Input Supply
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84Table 6.1 (Continued)IndicatorsCo
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CHAPTER SEVENQuality ControlGérald
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Tanzania Competitive 1 2 Very lax n
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Figure 7.1 Estimated Premium for To
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all fiber coming from Africa—are
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Box 7.1 (Continued)newly liberalize
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CHAPTER EIGHTValorization of SeedCo
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competitive market in some of the o
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a few years, it indicates that some
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should eventually make a difference
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CHAPTER NINECotton ResearchDuncan B
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With regard to human and financial
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■■■Be involved in setting res
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made royalty payments to CRI. When
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and to identify complementary inves
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CHAPTER TENYields and Returns toFar
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fact that 55 percent of cotton is p
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Yields by Farmer TypeTo assess perf
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Factors beyond company services als
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Table 10.1 Summary Crop Budgets by
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According to the focus group inform
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Figure 10.6 Net Margins after All C
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All other variables in the budgets
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Table 10.2Summary of Average Yield
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■■■■impression is given tha
Page 173:
were based on a 2005 cotton farmer
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more recent data are not available
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Figure 11.1 Estimated Average Ginni
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to buy seed cotton immediately afte
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146Table 11.3 Overall Competitivene
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148Table 11.4 Total Value Added per
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Figure 11.3 Total Value Added per c
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CHAPTER TWELVEConclusionsPatrick La
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Table 12.1 Summary of Expected and
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Valorization ofby-productsValue of
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Macro impact■ Total value addedpe
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across concession zones, with newer
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high yields. However, a mixed pictu
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governance and regulatory structure
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against price and exchange rate ris
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Improvements in the Delivery of Ext
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esistant, “stacked” genes), and
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Just as improved sector management
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More-competitive systems are perhap
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■■■■Interprofessional commi
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were to occur, it would most likely
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APPENDIX AStatistical Tables181
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1989/90 43 111 383 40.7 95 0.491990
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1989/90 62 150 416 41.0 95 0.671990
Page 223 and 224:
1989/90 43 89 482 41.3 95 0.651990/
Page 225 and 226:
1989/90 99 189 521 42.8 85 0.541990
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1997/98 31 327 95 33 to 35 2,950 83
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1994/95 82 344 238 33 207.0 40.0119
Page 231 and 232:
Table A8 ZambiaSeasonLint productio
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Table A9 ZimbabweSeasonLint product
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Table A10 Ginning and FOB-to-CIF Co
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1997/98 1.64 598 210 75 49 74 7.619
Page 239:
1987/88 17,609 31,238 564 414 911 4
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206 NOTES11. Important cotton secto
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208 NOTES47. Benin is not included
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210 NOTES79. In Zimbabwe and Zambia
Page 249 and 250:
BIBLIOGRAPHYBadiane, Ousmane, Dhane
Page 251 and 252:
and Instability, ed. A. Sarris and
Page 253:
World Bank. 2007. Strategies for Co
Page 256 and 257:
CFA exchange rate, 17-18b, 19fcompa
Page 258 and 259:
input credit and extension in, 77-8
Page 260 and 261:
firm types, 211n93fixed prices, for
Page 262 and 263:
productivity, 119, 121f, 205n8,209n
Page 264 and 265:
key indicators, 56-58, 57-58t,155-5
Page 266 and 267:
focus group discussions by farmerty
Page 268 and 269:
technology transfer, 170-71by typol
Page 270:
ECO-AUDITEnvironmental Benefits Sta
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