Organization and Performance of Cotton Sectors in Africa ... - infoDev

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124Table 10.1 Summary Crop Budgets by Farmer Type and CountryBudget elementBurkinaFaso Cameroon a Mali Mozambique Tanzania Uganda Zambia ZimbabweGroup 1Yield (kg/ha) 1,350 1,259 1,429 1,519 1,125 2,188 1,200 1,750Seed cotton price (US$/kg) 0.33 0.32 0.32 0.21 0.28 0.25 0.25 0.31Gross revenue (US$/kg) 441.45 399.10 452.99 322.03 314.06 547.00 300.00 542.50Cost of input (US$/ha) 172.89 141.44 168.61 36.50 35.83 111.11 31.07 236.85Cost of hired services(US$/ha) 28.52 48.83 33.69 22.25 54.18 72.22 17.06 32.98Cost of hired labor (US$/ha) 0 0 0 136.70 122.90 116.27 150.71 65.10Gross margin, excluding labor(US$/ha) 240.04 208.83 250.69 263.28 224.06 363.67 251.87 272.67Returns to all labor b (US$/day) 2.38 1.37 2.63 1.36 1.60 2.76 1.73 2.19Returns to family labor(US$/day) n.a. n.a. n.a. 2.56 3.37 3.81 2.68 6.15Cost per kg c (US$) 0.22 0.32 0.21 0.15 0.22 0.19 0.20 0.21Family labor input (days/ha) 100.7 152 95.4 49.5 30.0 65.0 37.8 33.8Hired labor input (days/ha) 0 0 0 144.8 110.0 67.0 108.0 90.7Net margin (US$/ha) 140.34 –1.86 156.24 91.93 71.16 137.55 56.16 173.82Input cost/gross revenue 0.39 0.35 0.37 0.11 0.11 0.20 0.10 0.44Group 2Yield (kg/ha) 1,100 1,120 1,011 935 750 1,125 1,050 800Seed cotton price (US$/kg) 0.33 0.32 0.32 0.21 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.29Gross revenue (US$/kg) 359.70 355.04 320.49 198.22 196.88 281.25 262.50 232.00Cost of input (US$/ha) 164.89 132.76 159.58 36.00 18.00 8.33 31.07 90.08Cost of hired services(US$/ha) 34.55 15.91 31.30 4.76 40.83 71.11 39.36 25.38
Table 10.1 Summary Crop Budgets by Farmer Type and CountryBudget elementBurkinaFaso Cameroon a Mali Mozambique Tanzania Uganda Zambia ZimbabweCost of hired labor (US$/ha) 0 0 0 116.80 42.71 62.50 109.52 35.85Gross margin, excluding labor(US$/ha) 160.26 206.37 129.61 157.46 138.05 201.81 192.07 116.55Returns to all labor b (US$/day) 1.78 1.36 1.64 0.66 1.16 2.15 1.44 1.08Returns to family labor(US$/day) n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.28 1.19 2.49 2.65 1.31Cost per kg c (US$) 0.26 0.32 0.27 0.28 0.24 0.21 0.21 0.27Family labor input (days/ha) 90.2 152 79.1 143.0 80.0 56.0 31.2 61.4Hired labor input (days/ha) 0 0 0 95.8 39.5 38.0 102.0 46.1Net margin (US$/ha) 70.95 –4.32 51.29 –59.44 15.335 44.67 45.41 19.33Input cost/gross revenue 0.46 0.37 0.50 0.18 0.09 0.03 0.12 0.39Group 3Yield (kg/ha) 750 1,090 711 438 600 600 563 565Seed cotton price (US$/kg) 0.33 0.32 0.32 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.21Gross revenue (US$/kg) 245.25 345.53 225.39 103.91 144.00 150.00 140.75 119.78Cost of input (US$/ha) 156.89 141.44 146.04 5.50 48.55 20.41 8.33 13.50Cost of hired services(US$/ha) 75.87 11.61 23.10 1.04 0 9.93 71.11 0.80Cost of hired labor (US$/ha) 0 0 0 0 0 28.57 5.21 6.70Gross margin, excluding labor(US$/ha) 12.49 192.48 56.25 97.37 95.45 119.66 61.31 105.48Returns to all labor b (US$/day) 0.17 1.27 0.99 1.02 0.90 0.78 0.72 0.49Returns to family labor(US$/day) n.a. n.a. n.a. 1.02 0.90 0.72 0.74 0.49Cost per kg c (US$) 0.41 0.33 0.32 0.23 0.26 0.35 0.38 0.29Family labor input (days/ha) 75.3 152.0 57.0 95.0 106.3 126.0 76.0 200.8Hired labor input (days/ha) 0 0 0 0 0 27.0 9.0 13.1Net margin (US$/ha) –62.06 –18.21 –0.19 2.37 –10.80 –58.91 –72.34 –41.78Input cost/gross revenue 0.64 0.41 0.65 0.05 0.34 0.14 0.06 0.11(continued)125
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AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENTOr
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AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENTSe
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© 2009 The International Bank for
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Section II. Historical Background a
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BOXES, FIGURES, AND TABLESBoxes2.1
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5.2 Summary of Pricing Mechanisms i
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eference are limited to neighboring
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis study was carri
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ABBREVIATIONS¢ U.S. centACPAgricul
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US$U shWAEMUWCAWTOU.S. dollarUganda
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output markets, improving productiv
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etween these competing needs, provi
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■■■■■competition increase
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monopolies range from 0.98 to 1.15,
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macroeconomics, developments in com
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central body and that the state nee
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CHAPTER ONEIntroductionDavid Tschir
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The debate about how to deal with t
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Figure 1.1 Map of Africa Highlighti
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hypotheses about sector performance
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to reach 25 million tons of lint in
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cotton production was introduced in
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Figure 2.2 Nominal Cotton Prices (U
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Box 2.1 (Continued)Togo, 39 percent
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Box 2.2 Cotton SubsidiesCotton subs
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efers specifically to the presence
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picking, storage, handling, or tran
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national monopoly (state-owned or p
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SECTION TWOHistorical Background an
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shares belonging to governments, an
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Changes Made Since the End of the 1
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long-term development strategies, (
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possible link between price-setting
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production fell further, to lows of
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all aspects of the chain from input
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suggestions (a) of establishing fas
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Figure 4.1 Decision Tree for Cotton
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Figure 4.2 African Cotton Sector Ty
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Box 4.1 Is This Typology Specific t
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52Table 4.1 Trading Off: Strengths
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CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE LINKS BETW
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chosen in this book and the impact
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Table 4.3 Expected Performance alon
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Box 4.2 (Continued)Second, farmers
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SECTION THREEComparative Analysis:C
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PRICING MECHANISMS IN WCAPricing me
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efore planting, price risk in the s
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Table 5.3 Summary of Producer Share
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Finally, FOT price shares in WCA ro
Page 110 and 111: MALI AND CAMEROON: GOVERNMENT MONOP
Page 112 and 113: Significant in Mozambique, the comp
Page 114 and 115: Zimbabwe transitioned during the 19
Page 116 and 117: Box 6.1 (Continued)A move from a co
Page 118 and 119: 82Table 6.1 Summary of Input Supply
Page 120 and 121: 84Table 6.1 (Continued)IndicatorsCo
Page 123 and 124: CHAPTER SEVENQuality ControlGérald
Page 125 and 126: Tanzania Competitive 1 2 Very lax n
Page 127 and 128: Figure 7.1 Estimated Premium for To
Page 129 and 130: all fiber coming from Africa—are
Page 131 and 132: Box 7.1 (Continued)newly liberalize
Page 133 and 134: CHAPTER EIGHTValorization of SeedCo
Page 135 and 136: competitive market in some of the o
Page 137 and 138: a few years, it indicates that some
Page 139 and 140: should eventually make a difference
Page 141 and 142: CHAPTER NINECotton ResearchDuncan B
Page 143 and 144: With regard to human and financial
Page 145 and 146: ■■■Be involved in setting res
Page 147 and 148: made royalty payments to CRI. When
Page 149: and to identify complementary inves
Page 153 and 154: CHAPTER TENYields and Returns toFar
Page 155 and 156: fact that 55 percent of cotton is p
Page 157 and 158: Yields by Farmer TypeTo assess perf
Page 159: Factors beyond company services als
Page 163 and 164: According to the focus group inform
Page 165 and 166: Figure 10.6 Net Margins after All C
Page 167 and 168: All other variables in the budgets
Page 169 and 170: Table 10.2Summary of Average Yield
Page 171 and 172: ■■■■impression is given tha
Page 173: were based on a 2005 cotton farmer
Page 176 and 177: more recent data are not available
Page 178 and 179: Figure 11.1 Estimated Average Ginni
Page 180 and 181: to buy seed cotton immediately afte
Page 182 and 183: 146Table 11.3 Overall Competitivene
Page 184 and 185: 148Table 11.4 Total Value Added per
Page 186 and 187: Figure 11.3 Total Value Added per c
Page 189 and 190: CHAPTER TWELVEConclusionsPatrick La
Page 191 and 192: Table 12.1 Summary of Expected and
Page 193 and 194: Valorization ofby-productsValue of
Page 195 and 196: Macro impact■ Total value addedpe
Page 197 and 198: across concession zones, with newer
Page 199 and 200: high yields. However, a mixed pictu
Page 201 and 202: governance and regulatory structure
Page 203 and 204: against price and exchange rate ris
Page 205 and 206: Improvements in the Delivery of Ext
Page 207 and 208: esistant, “stacked” genes), and
Page 209 and 210: Just as improved sector management
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More-competitive systems are perhap
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■■■■Interprofessional commi
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were to occur, it would most likely
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APPENDIX AStatistical Tables181
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1989/90 43 111 383 40.7 95 0.491990
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1989/90 62 150 416 41.0 95 0.671990
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1989/90 43 89 482 41.3 95 0.651990/
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1989/90 99 189 521 42.8 85 0.541990
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1997/98 31 327 95 33 to 35 2,950 83
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1994/95 82 344 238 33 207.0 40.0119
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Table A8 ZambiaSeasonLint productio
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Table A9 ZimbabweSeasonLint product
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Table A10 Ginning and FOB-to-CIF Co
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1997/98 1.64 598 210 75 49 74 7.619
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1987/88 17,609 31,238 564 414 911 4
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206 NOTES11. Important cotton secto
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208 NOTES47. Benin is not included
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210 NOTES79. In Zimbabwe and Zambia
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BIBLIOGRAPHYBadiane, Ousmane, Dhane
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and Instability, ed. A. Sarris and
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World Bank. 2007. Strategies for Co
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CFA exchange rate, 17-18b, 19fcompa
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input credit and extension in, 77-8
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firm types, 211n93fixed prices, for
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productivity, 119, 121f, 205n8,209n
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key indicators, 56-58, 57-58t,155-5
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focus group discussions by farmerty
Page 268 and 269:
technology transfer, 170-71by typol
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ECO-AUDITEnvironmental Benefits Sta
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