Organization and Performance of Cotton Sectors in Africa ... - infoDev

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PREFACECotton is a major source of foreign exchange earnings in more than 15 countriesacross all regions of Sub-Saharan African (SSA) and a crucial source ofcash income for millions of rural people in these countries. The crop is, therefore,critical in the fight against rural poverty. The World Bank and otherdevelopment institutions have been and are currently assisting many cottonexportingcountries of SSA to improve their cotton sector performancethrough projects supporting investment as well as through policy and institutionalreform.Many SSA countries have been implementing or are considering implementingreforms of their cotton industries. The ultimate objective of thereform programs is to strengthen the competitiveness of cotton production,processing, and exports in an increasingly demanding world market and toensure long-term, sustainable, and equitable growth for these major sectors ofmany African economies. The reform programs generally entail redefining therole of the state; facilitating greater involvement of the private sector andfarmer organizations; ensuring greater competition in input and output markets;improving productivity through research and development, extension,and technology dissemination; and seeking value addition through marketdevelopment and processing of cotton lint and by-products.This study was undertaken by the Environmentally and Socially SustainableDevelopment Department of the Africa Region of the World Bank to fill a perceivedgap in knowledge on the lessons to be drawn from nearly two decadesof cotton sector reforms in SSA. Recent experience in policy dialogue, particularlywith West African countries, shows that very often the analytical points ofxiii
Page 1: AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENTOr
Page 4 and 5: AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENTSe
Page 6 and 7: © 2009 The International Bank for
Page 8 and 9: Section II. Historical Background a
Page 11 and 12: BOXES, FIGURES, AND TABLESBoxes2.1
Page 13: 5.2 Summary of Pricing Mechanisms i
Page 17: guidance for the design of strategi
Page 20 and 21: The team is thankful to the peer re
Page 22 and 23: CMDTCompagnie Malienne de Développ
Page 25 and 26: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYCotton is a rare e
Page 27 and 28: METHODOLOGY AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWOR
Page 29 and 30: which each has an exclusive right t
Page 31 and 32: sectors and is an area where value
Page 33 and 34: and from synthetic fibers, and thus
Page 35 and 36: The report concludes that problems
Page 37: SECTION ONEIntroduction and MarketC
Page 40 and 41: etween 2001 and 2003, equal to abou
Page 42 and 43: concluded that, in West Africa’s
Page 44 and 45: Figure 1.2 Major SSA Cotton Produce
Page 47 and 48: CHAPTER TWOMarket ContextJohn Baffe
Page 49 and 50: Table 2.1 Global Balance of the Cot
Page 51 and 52: Figure 2.1 Real Agricultural Price
Page 53 and 54: the CFA franc, particularly critica
Page 55 and 56: Figure 2.3 Real Exchange Rate for I
Page 57 and 58: ecame a contentious issue during th
Page 59 and 60: Table 2.2 Fiber Properties of the C
Page 61 and 62: from SSA is handled by independent
Page 63: Table 2.3 Summary of Indicators of
Page 67 and 68:
CHAPTER THREEHistorical Background
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targets for the cotton companies, b
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to farmer associations and their un
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Evolution of Producer Pricing Mecha
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1970s. Until the mid-1950s, the Uga
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with the introduction of a credit s
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and lint. Liberalization accelerate
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CHAPTER FOURA Typology of AfricanCo
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the price mechanism. Coordination a
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efficiency and costs of coordinatio
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Box 4.1 (Continued)international co
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expansion for an attractive seed co
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Figure 4.3 Linking Cotton Sector Or
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Table 4.2 Key Indicators of Cotton
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Box 4.2 Factors in Addition to Stru
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sectors outside Africa, farmers own
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CHAPTER FIVEPricing Systems and Pri
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Table 5.1 Summary of Pricing Mechan
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Table 5.2 Summary of Pricing Mechan
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are paying farmers compared with wh
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CHAPTER SIXInput Credit and Extensi
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in its operations. One example is t
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zones, prohibited movement of seed
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Despite the financial strength and
Page 117 and 118:
Box 6.1 (Continued)This analysis su
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involvement offarmerorganizationsto
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farmers, and balanced involvement o
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88Table 7.1 Summary Information on
Page 126 and 127:
IMPACT OF QUALITY ON EXPORT PRICESC
Page 128 and 129:
Figure 7.2 Estimated Premium Weight
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Box 7.1 Why Is Quality Management S
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20-25 percent in the late 1990s) an
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98Table 8.1 Cotton Seed Production
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In Tanzania, the first private oil
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group). This degree of variation ca
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Globally, changes in institutional
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may not be able to solve the underl
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Table 9.1 Number of Varietal Releas
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varieties developed for similar agr
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een slow to allow private ginners t
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SECTION FOURComparative Analysis:Ou
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trends in global and regional conte
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cropping season, seed cotton yields
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own their own animals and plows can
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124Table 10.1 Summary Crop Budgets
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126Table 10.1 (Continued)Budget ele
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The reasons that inorganic fertiliz
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Figure 10.7 Weighted Average Return
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An important lesson from this analy
Page 170 and 171:
ANNEX A10. METHODOLOGY FOR FOCUS GR
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■■works by companies agreeing o
Page 175 and 176:
CHAPTER ELEVENCost Efficiency ofCom
Page 177 and 178:
Table 11.1 Comparative Analysis of
Page 179 and 180:
Table 11.2 Company Performance Indi
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y the hybrid regulatory structure,
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WCA than in ESA (US$0.025 to US$0.0
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Deduction for pricepaid to farmer/k
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Table 11.5 Net per Capita Budgetary
Page 190 and 191:
This final chapter summarizes the s
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156Table 12.1 (Continued)Type of in
Page 194 and 195:
158Table 12.1 (Continued)Type of in
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■make the existing system work be
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Performance on Global Outcomes: The
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credit market failures, remain prom
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esearch and better production pract
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price that farmers might receive fo
Page 206 and 207:
Improvements in ResearchPublicly fu
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Improving Sustainability, Governanc
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due course, in regional markets—w
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To begin to answer that question, o
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with roller gin technology—concen
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Tanzania’s agro-ecological and po
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182Table A1 BeninSeasonLint product
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184Table A2 Burkina FasoSeasonLint
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186Table A3 CameroonSeasonLint prod
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188Table A4 MaliSeasonLint producti
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190Table A5 MozambiqueSeasonLint pr
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192Table A6 TanzaniaSeasonLint prod
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194Table A7 UgandaYearLint producti
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196Table A8 (continued) ZambiaSeaso
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198Table A9 (continued) ZimbabweSea
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200Table A10 (continued)FOB-to-CIF
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202Table A11 Cotton Production, Are
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NOTES1. FAOSTAT for total agricultu
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27. In some countries, seeds are so
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contribution to GDP. Growth in agri
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89. It also shows how the efficienc
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Chaudhry, Rafiq. 2007. “Outlook f
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Poulton, C., and B. Hanyani-Mlambo.
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INDEXBoxes, figures, notes, and tab
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ChadCFA exchange rate, 17-18bprivat
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Cottrade, 100-101, 100bcredit. See
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in concentrated market systems,77-8
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seed export market, 207n28statistic
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ed bollworm, 40reform of SSA cotton
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esearch and, 108-11returns to farme
Page 269 and 270:
quality control in, 89t, 90, 92, 94
Page 272:
Cotton is a rare economic success s
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