Perceptions of CO2 Report - Global CCS Institute

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PropertiesKnowledge about CO 2 ’s properties varied greatly by topic as well as by country. Most respondentswere aware that CO 2 occurs naturally and is contained in air. Even in these cases, however, overone fifth of the respondents were not sure. Significantly more respondents in the Netherlands wereunsure whether air contains CO 2 ; 76.6% believed (correctly) that this was the case and 36% wereuncertain. On the other hand, in Japan, 83.5% thought air contains CO 2 , with 68.9% being verysure. Essentially, even though the Dutch respondents tended to pick the right answer, they weremuch less certain of their responses.According to research of Hofstede (1980) there are some cultural differences between theNetherlands and Japan on the notion of “uncertainty avoidance”. Hofstede argues that the anxietythat is created by uncertainty is resolved by developing religion, laws and technology. Japan isconsidered a country with high uncertainty avoidance, while the Netherlands is consideredmoderate in uncertainty avoidance. We can therefore not rule out that cultural differences mayhave influenced this difference in results between the Netherlands and Japan; Japaneseparticipants may be more inclined to avoid uncertainty and indicate that they are more certain oftheir answers. However, since Australia is usually considered as a “western” country with similarvalues and traits as in Europe, they would be more likely to resemble the Netherlands concerninguncertainty avoidance. Since Australian responses tended to resemble the Japanese more thanthe Dutch, it thus seems unlikely that such cultural factors have a large impact on the presentresults.Figure 4: Knowledge of all participants of CO2’s propertiesRespondents were highly uncertain about CO 2 ’s other properties. In the case of flammability, overone third of respondents stated that CO 2 is not flammable, but over half either believed it wasflammable or were unsure. Japan had the highest percentage of respondents (48.0%) who weresure it was not flammable, compared to 40.2% in Australia and only 23.3% in the Netherlands.Around half of respondents were not sure whether CO 2 breaks down easily, is soluble in water, oris lighter than air. In Japan, significantly more people knew CO 2 is soluble in water: 44.3% in totalversus 22.7% in Australia and only 18.7% in the Netherlands.22 | Understanding how individuals perceive carbon dioxide
SourcesThe majority of the respondents seemed familiar with CO 2 ’s sources. Over half of the respondentsknew that CO 2 is released during electricity production from natural gas or coal, yet over onequarter (26.6%) were unsure. Almost half of the respondents were unsure whether the CO 2 emittedfrom industrial sources is chemically different from naturally occurring CO 2 , but over a quarterbelieved it was indeed the same.A majority of the respondents knew that the human body produces CO 2 , but here again over aquarter (26.3%) were unsure whether it does and 5.2% thought it does not. Cultural differenceswere significant: in Japan, 73.7% of respondents were very sure that the human body producesCO 2 , compared to 51.9% in Australia and 28.4% in the Netherlands. In the Netherlands, as withthe “properties” questions, a considerable amount of respondents thought that the body doesproduce CO 2 , but were not sure: 27.9%.A large majority of respondents stated CO 2 is absorbed by plants, and over one half (60.6%) weresure of this. In the Netherlands, again, also over one half of respondents stated that CO 2 isabsorbed by plants, but fewer respondents (37.5%) were certain compared to Japan and Australia(over 60% in both cases). In all three countries, respondents were unsure whether CO 2 isabsorbed by oceans; close to half did not know whether this was true or not.Figure 5: Knowledge of all participants of CO 2 ‘s sourcesUnderstanding how individuals perceive carbon dioxide | 23
Page 2 and 3: Enquiries should be addressed to:Dr
Page 4 and 5: Part V Conclusion and Recommendatio
Page 6 and 7: TablesTable 1: Combination of infor
Page 8 and 9: Executive summaryCarbon dioxide cap
Page 10 and 11: Recommendations derived from this w
Page 12 and 13: 1 IntroductionClimate change has of
Page 14 and 15: 2.2 Perceptions of CO 2Very little
Page 16 and 17: • perceptions about the nature an
Page 18 and 19: 3 OverviewThis research project’s
Page 20 and 21: 5 Internet surveyFindings from the
Page 22 and 23: Respondents were provided with eith
Page 24 and 25: 6 Administration of the survey6.1 T
Page 26 and 27: Part III Results16 | Understanding
Page 28 and 29: 7.1.2 KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTIONS OF
Page 30 and 31: 7.2 Quantitative resultsThe followi
Page 34 and 35: UsesRespondents were asked about th
Page 36 and 37: 7.2.3 PERCEPTIONS OF CO 2First asse
Page 38 and 39: 7.2.4 AWARENESS AND PERCEPTIONS OF
Page 40 and 41: First assessmentError! Reference so
Page 42 and 43: Second assessmentPerceptions were a
Page 44 and 45: formed their opinion using the CCS
Page 46 and 47: Table 18, Appendix F. Furthermore,
Page 48 and 49: DF DF DFInfoACO 2characteristicsInf
Page 50 and 51: Table 20 in Appendix F shows the re
Page 52 and 53: 8 DiscussionThis international rese
Page 54 and 55: eflect how close the potential CCS
Page 56 and 57: eceived information about natural p
Page 58 and 59: Part V Conclusion andRecommendation
Page 60 and 61: 9.2 Recommendations9.2.1 NEED FOR E
Page 62 and 63: Part VI Appendices andReferences52
Page 64 and 65: Q: How did your images and understa
Page 66 and 67: Q: What kind of information about C
Page 68 and 69: Q5Q6Q7Q8Q9AQuestion statementsHere
Page 70 and 71: BCQuestion statementsPlease read th
Page 72 and 73: Q13Q14Q15Question statementsNext yo
Page 74 and 75: Appendix D Participant Demographics
Page 76 and 77: Appendix E Selected Qualitative Res
Page 78 and 79: • “Water is such a precious thi
Page 80 and 81: Univ_dmy - - - - -Female_dmy - - -
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The table above shows the compariso
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Set B: CCS impressionTable 12: Regr
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•Extra CO 2 is put in the air in
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a50s_dmyO60s_dmyCsea_dmyAdjusted R-
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ionCCSawarenessCO 2Clean1CO 2Useful
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Table 14: ANOVA (three factors) for
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Table 16: Regression analysis on in
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CO 2relatedactivityInformationgathe
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CO 2 relatedactivityInformationgath
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Table 18: ANOVA (four factors) for
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Table 20: Regression analysis on in
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gathering topics Environment - - -0
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Creswell, J. W. (2002). Research de
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Shackley, S., Gough, C., & McLachla
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