Perceptions of CO2 Report - Global CCS Institute

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6 Administration of the survey6.1 Testing phaseEighty respondents from Australia, 78 respondents from the Netherlands, and 816 respondentsfrom Japan participated in testing the survey to examine whether the questions were clear andcoherent. At five different stages throughout the survey, half of the respondents were randomlypresented with an additional question about its clarity. Respondents who found any parts difficult tounderstand or answer were asked to provide details in their own words. The testing phase alsoassessed the online survey’s implementation and functionality to ensure consistency across allthree countries. Any important feedback from this process was incorporated into theimplementation phase.6.2 Implementation phaseThe internet survey was completed by 2,470 respondents in total, with over 800 respondents fromAustralia, the Netherlands and Japan (see Table 2). Respondents completed the survey online andwere randomly presented with one of the nine survey conditions. As a result, each survey conditionwas provided to between 266 and 287 people.Table 2: Administration of the surveyCountry Survey period TestingphaseResponse RateConductingphaseResponserateNNAustralia April , 2010 80 48.8% 809 72.5%Japan March-April , 2010 816 36.7% 813 36.6% 8Netherlands April , 2010 78 Not available 848 47%In the testing phase, the Japanese researchers had a phenomenal response to their request forparticipants to trial the survey, hence the significantly larger number. Japanese panels weredirectly sampled from the population, whereas the Australian and Dutch panels were sampled viathe registered panels of polling firms as described in Appendix D. The different recruitmentmethods resulted in a variance in response rates. All panels of questionnaire participants closelyresembled national average demographics, with one exception: Australian survey recipients weremore likely to have completed bachelor’s degrees and masters’ degrees. Additional details on thebreakdown of panel participants by gender and age is found in Appendix D.8 In testing phase in the Japanese survey, a polling firm was used for sampling in order to trial the survey. In the conducting phase, thesample was directly taken from Japanese population. Respondents recruited directly from the population were not necessarilyaccustomed with participating in a survey like respondents registered as a panellist used by polling firms, which the Dutch andAustralian countries used. That might be a reason of the lower response rate for Japan in the conducting phase.14 | Understanding how individuals perceive carbon dioxide
6.3 Statistical analysisThe survey data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statisticsincluded the frequency of responses and mean (average) responses as appropriate. Inferentialstatistics included correlations, cross tab analyses with chi-square tests, analysis of variance, andmultiple regression analysis as appropriate to identify substantive differences between the groupsof respondents.• Cross tab analyses with chi-square tests were used to detect categorical effects such asdifference by country and by the respondent’s level of knowledge.• Paired t-tests were conducted to compare between the first assessment and the secondassessment on CO 2 impressions, CCS impressions, and opinions on CCS implementation.• ANOVA and multiple regressions were conducted between the first assessment and thesecond assessment to explain the effect of providing information on CO 2 impressions.• Finally, additional sets of multiple regressions were conducted to explain the factorsinfluencing the formation of overall impressions on CO 2 and CCS and opinions on CCSimplementation.For regression analysis, stepwise methods were used where the threshold probability for entry was0.05 and that for removal was 0.01. The final output was called “the best regression.” Independentvariables were adopted from the responses to questions in the questionnaire, and ranged fromdemographic variables, to values and beliefs, to opinions. These variables and categories areshown in Appendix C.Understanding how individuals perceive carbon dioxide | 15
Page 2 and 3: Enquiries should be addressed to:Dr
Page 4 and 5: Part V Conclusion and Recommendatio
Page 6 and 7: TablesTable 1: Combination of infor
Page 8 and 9: Executive summaryCarbon dioxide cap
Page 10 and 11: Recommendations derived from this w
Page 12 and 13: 1 IntroductionClimate change has of
Page 14 and 15: 2.2 Perceptions of CO 2Very little
Page 16 and 17: • perceptions about the nature an
Page 18 and 19: 3 OverviewThis research project’s
Page 20 and 21: 5 Internet surveyFindings from the
Page 22 and 23: Respondents were provided with eith
Page 26 and 27: Part III Results16 | Understanding
Page 28 and 29: 7.1.2 KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTIONS OF
Page 30 and 31: 7.2 Quantitative resultsThe followi
Page 32 and 33: PropertiesKnowledge about CO 2 ’s
Page 34 and 35: UsesRespondents were asked about th
Page 36 and 37: 7.2.3 PERCEPTIONS OF CO 2First asse
Page 38 and 39: 7.2.4 AWARENESS AND PERCEPTIONS OF
Page 40 and 41: First assessmentError! Reference so
Page 42 and 43: Second assessmentPerceptions were a
Page 44 and 45: formed their opinion using the CCS
Page 46 and 47: Table 18, Appendix F. Furthermore,
Page 48 and 49: DF DF DFInfoACO 2characteristicsInf
Page 50 and 51: Table 20 in Appendix F shows the re
Page 52 and 53: 8 DiscussionThis international rese
Page 54 and 55: eflect how close the potential CCS
Page 56 and 57: eceived information about natural p
Page 58 and 59: Part V Conclusion andRecommendation
Page 60 and 61: 9.2 Recommendations9.2.1 NEED FOR E
Page 62 and 63: Part VI Appendices andReferences52
Page 64 and 65: Q: How did your images and understa
Page 66 and 67: Q: What kind of information about C
Page 68 and 69: Q5Q6Q7Q8Q9AQuestion statementsHere
Page 70 and 71: BCQuestion statementsPlease read th
Page 72 and 73: Q13Q14Q15Question statementsNext yo
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Appendix D Participant Demographics
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Appendix E Selected Qualitative Res
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• “Water is such a precious thi
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Univ_dmy - - - - -Female_dmy - - -
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The table above shows the compariso
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Set B: CCS impressionTable 12: Regr
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•Extra CO 2 is put in the air in
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a50s_dmyO60s_dmyCsea_dmyAdjusted R-
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ionCCSawarenessCO 2Clean1CO 2Useful
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Table 14: ANOVA (three factors) for
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Table 16: Regression analysis on in
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CO 2relatedactivityInformationgathe
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CO 2 relatedactivityInformationgath
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Table 18: ANOVA (four factors) for
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Table 20: Regression analysis on in
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gathering topics Environment - - -0
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Creswell, J. W. (2002). Research de
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Shackley, S., Gough, C., & McLachla
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