Identification of American Herring Gull in a western European context

Identification of American Herring Gull in a western European contextnianus, particularly the birds at the lighter end ofthe range. This would help us determine theidentity of a number birds already observed inEurope which have closely resembled whatmight be described as ‘light smithsonianus’, butwhich have exhibited an ambiguous, or moreargentatus-like tail pattern and/or upper- andundertail-covert markings. Some, it appears, maybe hybrids but if so, what is the parentage? Is itpossible that smithsonianus has already enteredthe European Herring Gull gene pool, and couldthis be the explanation for the appearance ofsome of the more perplexing birds? We suggestthat a thorough investigation of morphologicalvariation in the Icelandic Herring Gull population,combined with judicious sampling and analysisof genetic material could help answer someof these questions.It is good to hear that smithsonianus is, at last,the subject of some new taxonomic studies beingcarried out by North American research teams(Pierre-André Crochet in litt). Of course, we donot know what this work will entail, but we canspeculate as to the advances that might be madeif it attempted to evaluate whether morphologicallydistinct ‘types’ (Jonsson & Mactavish 2001)warranted taxonomic distinction. We can alsoimagine how a large-scale colour-ringing projectmight stimulate great interest in observing whatthese (and other, yet-to-be-identified?) types looklike as immatures, and where they go outside thebreeding season, just as it has in Europe.Finally, we are very interested in receivingfeedback, both positive and negative, fromobservers whose experience of any of the taxadiscussed here is complementary to our own.Increasingly, in recent years, it has been thepooling of information and exchanging of ideasthat has been responsible for advancing ourunderstanding of this most challenging group.AcknowledgementsWe wish to express our gratitude to the followingpeople who helped in various ways, from providingphotographs for reference to stimulating discussionand company in the field: Joe Adamson,Mashuq Ahmad, Paul Archer, Theo Bakker,Martin Elliott, Frode Falkenberg, Sean Farrell,Martin Garner, Peter de Knijff, Diederik Kok,Henry Lehto, Anthony McGeehan Richard83 American Herring Gull / Amerikaanse Zilvermeeuw Larus smithsonianus, adult, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,January 2001 (Pat Lonergan). Note rather blotchy head pattern and very fine blackish shaft-streaks on primarycoverts.31