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along the Via Aemilia between Parma and Mutina. 103The client-patron relationships heestablished in the second century benefited his descendent, Aemilius Lepidus (cos. 78BC). 104The region is still known as Emilia-Romagna.M. Baebius Tamphilus was another active colonizer, but he developed hisrelationship with Apulia in a different order than Lepidus or perhaps had priorconnections in the area on which the primary sources are silent. Baebius, a possibletribune of the plebs around 194, might have been the author of a lex Baebia to found thecitizen colonies established that year. 105He was certainly elected to the commission ofone of the colonies founded: Sipontum (194). 1Then, as praetor of 192, Baebius wasalotted Hither Spain as his province, but a popular vote transferred him to Bruttium withthe result that he found himself again in Southern Italy.In 186, when the consulinvestigating the Bacchanalian affair noticed that the colonies of Sipontum and Buxentumwere empty, Cn. Baebius Tamphilus, Marcus' brother, was one of the commissioners tosettle the supplemental colonists. 108 Four years later, Cn. Baebius Tamphilus (cos. 182)canvassed for his brother, Marcus, to win the consulship of 181. 109While M. Baebius'103Livy, 39.55.7-8 (Mutina and Parma), 41.13.4-5 (Luna), and 42.4 (viritane settlement).104Rossignani (1995), p. 61. Cf. Badian (1958), pp. 162-3,275-6; Salmon (1970), p. 186 n. 171; Weigel(1992), p. 9.105 Feig Vishnia (1996), p. 50 and Lintott (1992), p. 34-53. Baebius might have formed the law to found thecitizen colonies founded in 194 (perhaps Sipontum, Tempsa, and Croton), and was then elected to thecommission for Croton. This is in analogy with the law that Q. Aelius Tubero, also tribune of the plebs in194, passed to establish the Latin colonies of Copia/Thurii and Vibo Valentia. Q. Aelius Tubero waselected to the commission for Copia, covered under his law.106 Livy 34.45.3-5.107 Livy 35.20. MRR 1.350.108 Livy 39.23.3-4.109 Livy 40.17.6-8, 18.2. MRR 1.383-4. Unlike Appius Claudius Pulcher's campaigning for his brother,Publius, in 185 (Livy 39.32.5, 6, 13), there was no senatorial objection to Baebius' assistance for hisbrother. Cf. Feig Vishnia (1996), p. 184. Since Cn. Baebius' fellow consul, L. Aemilius Paulus, allowedhim to return to Rome to assist his brother, this has been seen as an alliance between the two families. Cf.81
consulship was uneventful, as a proconsul in Liguria in 180 with Cornelius Cethegus, heconquered the Apuani and deported them to the ager Taurasinus, just west of Apulia,where they formed two communities: the Ligures Baebiani and the Ligures Corneliani. 11Thus, it is clear that the Baebii formed a connection with the region of Apulia in the 190sand 180s, if one did not exist before.Other examples of magistrates colonizing in the area where they had beenstationed include C. Terentius Varro, who had escaped with his troops to Venusia afterthe battle of Cannae (216), 1H and who later led a supplement of colonists to that town in200. M. Tuccius held the province of Apulia and Bruttium as praetor in 190; he wenton to settle the supplement of Sipontum and Buxentum in 186. L. Valerius Flaccus (cos.195) served in Cisalpine Gaul, where Livy reports he was successful against the Boii andspent the rest of the summer rebuilding sections of Placentia and Cremona destroyed in110the war. 113Then, from 190 to 189, the patrician L. Valerius Flaccus led a supplementarycontingent of colonists to the two old colonies and established Bononia with the help of aplebeian, L. Valerius Tappo. 114Finally, T. Quinctius Flamininus provides an example ofrepetitive colonization of Samnium and Apulia. He was on the board of decemviri toCassola (1962), pp. 18 and 397, although Cassola reminds us that the alliance between these two men doesnot indicate anything about the alignment of Q. Baebius (tr. pi. 200).110 Livy 40.37.8-38.9 and Plin. HN3A05. Salmon (1967), p. 311 and n. 1 (the remains of the urban centerof the Ligures Baebiani can be seen in the woods c. 2 miles from the modern town of Circello) and Map 4on p. 342.111 Livy 22.49, 22.54, 23.5, and 25.6. MRR 1.247.112 Livy 37.2.6; MRR 1.356.113 Livy 34.22.1-3. Cf. Scullard (1951), p. 115 n. 5 with reservations about Valerius Flaccus' successes.114 Livy 37.46.9-47.2, 57.7-8.82
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NOT EFFIGIES PAR VAE POPULI ROMAN!:
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COPYRIGHTAmanda Jo Coles2009
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AcknowledgementsI give heartfelt th
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intention and colonial strategy hel
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List of TablesFigure 5.1: Influence
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Instead, through examination of the
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settlements in alien lands," and co
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in the late fourth century BCE; thu
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Aquileia in 181 BCE.Bispham also il
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II.Agency in Roman ColonizationFind
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Figure 1.1:The Statist Model ofRoma
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comparisons between religion in the
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BCE, when Roman power expanded and
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nomenclature of Paestum shows a mix
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determinant factors in the relation
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were soft and wealthy.In part, the
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contact with Magna Graecia or incre
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Reports to senate,founds templesGen
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defined landscape. The landscape wa
Page 39 and 40: neighbors: "[d]espite its undeniabl
Page 41 and 42: Roman religion, there was also no r
Page 43 and 44: propitiate. 113Yet, C. Marius was a
Page 45 and 46: This section addresses continuity a
Page 47 and 48: Capodifiume for at least the first
Page 49 and 50: Was Roman Religion Imposed on the C
Page 51 and 52: The Capitolium IssueEven as the gen
Page 53 and 54: VI.Evidentiary CautionsLiteratureUn
Page 55 and 56: two commissions, four of which mere
Page 57 and 58: certain far-flung mid-Republican co
Page 59 and 60: language and epigraphic tradition b
Page 61 and 62: of participation in many systems: s
Page 63 and 64: impelled each triumvir to seek or a
Page 65 and 66: locals, or Rome are given. 6Moreove
Page 67 and 68: Aesernia (263). 10 These colonies a
Page 69 and 70: Interamna Lirinas, but who those co
Page 71 and 72: after a mention of Scipio Africanus
Page 73 and 74: Valentia.The colonies of 194-192 we
Page 75 and 76: commissioners, P. Cornelius Scipio
Page 77 and 78: enough to note that the benefits to
Page 79 and 80: The questions arising from this con
Page 81 and 82: ends with the colony of Luna (177 B
Page 83 and 84: deported them to Samnium.Around 40,
Page 85 and 86: In the following section I will set
Page 87 and 88: the conservative faction sponsored
Page 89: What this geographical distribution
Page 93 and 94: Besides a prior military connection
Page 95 and 96: Thus, there is a pattern of magistr
Page 97 and 98: Sometimes, the colonists might have
Page 99 and 100: advancement.The exposure of such a
Page 101 and 102: Bononia, 154 as did the Fulvii in t
Page 103 and 104: their enemies, it certainly seems t
Page 105 and 106: Chapter 3: Commissioners and Foundi
Page 107 and 108: This chart completes the human half
Page 109 and 110: first century BCE. The lex coloniae
Page 111 and 112: political and personal motivations
Page 113 and 114: through the authority of the senate
Page 115 and 116: L. Cornelius Lentulus, the brother
Page 117 and 118: of settlement in Gaul and Liguria d
Page 119 and 120: their names to the presiding magist
Page 121 and 122: praetor, except in a supervisory ro
Page 123 and 124: familiarity with enrolling men, as
Page 125 and 126: sed occurrebat artimis quantos exer
Page 127 and 128: probably not a regulated endeavor,
Page 129 and 130: usually attended the consecration o
Page 131 and 132: et ab supero mari Senensis. cum uac
Page 133 and 134: colleges of these priests. In the c
Page 135 and 136: which one or more men on each commi
Page 137 and 138: games and sacrifices.In keeping wit
Page 139 and 140: a limited number of the priests in
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the possible layout of early Roman
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the cattle would have been kept in
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such a small or make-shift altar mi
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and for taking over the duties asso
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BCE.Finally, M. Aemilius Lepidus vo
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this. 143 Some of the reasons why t
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magistrate as a pre-formed committe
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eligious system at Rome. This sugge
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A later dialogue elucidates the div
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ETTIOVTES, Tct 5E XOITTCX KQSEXCOUE
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passive element in the act of colon
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the object of control and the arena
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worship as well as continuing their
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destroyed by the Roman praetor, L.
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erstwhile monuments of Fregellae im
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mentions of the Fregellan emissarie
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etween the mixed Sabellic and Latin
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more often in the Eastern Aegean, f
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To summarize, then, the original co
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The Religious Landscape ofPaestumTh
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community. This was very different
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In addition to these politico-relig
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and an inscription found somewhere
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that place, it represented the indi
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the "clear hegemony of the city ove
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Even more so than the example of Fr
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that encompassed the area from the
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proximity to the forum boarium fits
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on the mouth of the Garigliano rive
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although the Soran Hercules was a n
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Italian communities, they also some
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through the actions of one of the c
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worship of Juno: both the birth-rel
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evocatio from Veii.By vowing a temp
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Regina in Luna was clearly a Roman
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spreading perhaps from Capua or Fal
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surely not Diana of the Aventine, b
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disappointment manifested itself ni
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peoples. With this added element, i
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Athena, indicates that the Insubria
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these cults of Minerva show charact
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colonization, contact with Greek co
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they were the offerings of the weal
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As much as the various types of str
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TTepl 8E 2auviTcbv Kai TOIOUTOS TIS
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figurines in an attacking pose, wea
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JupiterCults of Jupiter, too, are n
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censores eo anno creati Q. Fuluius
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Ariminum, Minturnae, and Pisaurum d
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In the colonies in Northern Italy,
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Even with this restricted sample se
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to a colony's religious system, but
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since they could not keep the gods
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IV.ConclusionsIn his study of Roman
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colonists are not given a portable
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amount of influence over the type o
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In contrast, the Latin colony in Pa
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II.ConclusionsOverall, trying to cr
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Rome that a Roman army destroyed it
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Volscians as colonists. The rest of
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Saticula: (Festus, Gloss. Lat. p458
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ou Tfjv E^rjynoiv liuETs EV TTJ Trp
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Spain or in Africa, and the decemvi
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During the year a Latin colony was
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T. Maenio praetore urbano creati su
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Colonia Grauiscae eo anno deducta e
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HETOt 5E TOUTOV TOV
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argenti data centum et quinquaginta
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Distribution of Lands in Liguria an
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one of the members lest we make an
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commander. 9The colonial colleges f
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Valerius Tappo, the former tribune
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Q. Fabius Labeo (Potentia and Pisau
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CommissionAntiumAppendix 3: Colonia
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Appendix 3: Colonial Commissioner C
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CommissionVenusia(suppl)Appendix 3;
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Appendix 3; Colonial Commissioner C
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CommissionPlacentia andCremona(supp
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CommissionParma andMutinaAppendix 3
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BibliographyAbbott, F.F. "The Colon
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. A Commentary on Livy: Books XXXI-
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de Antonellis, G. Storia di Beneven
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Gage, J. Apollon Romaine. Essai sur
Page 319 and 320:
. "The Public Festivals of Rome," A
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Lloyd, J. "Farming the Highlands: S
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Nock, A.D. "A Feature of Roman Reli
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Purcell, N. "Becoming Historical: T
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. "Sacrifices for Gods and Ancestor
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Turfa, J.M. "Etruscan Religion at t
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Zevi-Gallina, A. "Sora. Scavi alia
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