ProQuest Dissertations - Historia Antigua
ProQuest Dissertations - Historia Antigua ProQuest Dissertations - Historia Antigua
captus ager erat; Etruscorum ante quam Ligurumfuerat. (Livy 41.13.5) The EtruscanPisans would have had motivation to complain to Rome about the valuable port territorybeing assigned to the Roman colonists instead of returned to the Pisans, as the pre-Ligurian owners of the port town. It is not necessary for the Pisans to quibble over theland that they donated to the settlers at Luca; this gift was most likely well-defined.Finally, why is the distinction between the foundations of Luna and Lucaimportant? As discussed later in this chapter, there seems to have been a split in thecolonial strategy during the second century, especially over whether to found Latincolonies or large citizen colonies. Thus it is critical to distinguish the Latin colony ofLuca (180) from the large Roman colony of Luna (177) in order to determine if thesefoundations were part of opposing colonization plans. (For further discussion, see belowpp. 91-94)After the foundation of Luna in 177 BCE, there is no record of another colonyfounded in Northern Italy until the Gracchan colonizations at the end of the secondcentury. Salmon posits that there was no significant militaristic need for further coloniesat this time. 74Due to gaps in the primary source for this period, Livy, it is difficult toascertain the true nature of colonization efforts in the middle of the second centuryBCE. 75Thus, this study of colonies founded in Northern Italy more or less arbitrarily74 Salmon (1970), p. 109.75 The citizen colony of Auximum, on the Adriatic coast, may have been founded in 174 or in 157 or later,but its uncertain date and unknown commissioners make it unsuitable for this study. Livy 41.27.10mentions the name in the context of the censor's contracts of 174, but with Calatia, which was not a colony;Velleius Paterculus (1.15.3) dates the colony to 157 BCE.71
ends with the colony of Luna (177 BCE).Although the present study focuses primarily on the colonies in south-central andnorthern Italy, we must note three colonization efforts in Etruria for the purpose ofdiscussing the colonial commissioners in full. In 199, the Latin colony of Narnia sent arepresentative to Rome to request supplementary colonists; the consul L. Cornelius wasordered to establish a board of commissioners, who were Cn. Cornelius Lentulus, P.77Aelius Paetus, and his brother, S. Aelius Paetus.In 183, Q. Fabius Labeo, C. AfraniusStellio, and T. Sempronius Gracchus led colonists to the large citizen colony of Saturnia,• • 7klocated on an important convergence of roads m Etruria. Two years later (181), P.Claudius Pulcher, C. Calpurnius Piso, and C. Terentius Histra led colonists to anotherlarge citizen colony at Graviscae, the port for Tarquinii. 79The land for these colonies hadbeen captured long before their foundation, and the military need for colonies in Etruria atthis period is not clear.Viritane Land Distributions and Movement of Hostile PopulationsThe efforts to establish or supplement discrete colonies, Roman or Latin, were not theonly movements of population in peninsular Italy during the middle Republic. VariousWilliams (2001) raises a valid complaint that scholars of Northern Italian history focus on thehistoriography of the colonies south of the Po or on the archaeological traces of the local populations northof the Po, so that there is an unsatisfactory picture of the entire region in the middle Republic. For thepurposes of the study of Roman intervention in the religious sphere, however, it is necessary to evaluatereligion in communities whose relationship with Rome has been securely documented. Thus, this study willfocus on the known colonies. Religion in the Fora and other small communities in Northern Italy awaitslater study and perhaps future archaeological discoveries.77 Livy 32.2.6-7.78 Livy 39.55.9. Cf. Salmon (1970), p. 105 and n. 184 p. 187.79 Livy 40.29.1-2. This is modern Porto Clementino. Cf. Salmon (1970), n. 184 p. 187.80 Salmon (1970), n. 181 p. 186.72
- Page 29 and 30: determinant factors in the relation
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ends with the colony of Luna (177 BCE).Although the present study focuses primarily on the colonies in south-central andnorthern Italy, we must note three colonization efforts in Etruria for the purpose ofdiscussing the colonial commissioners in full. In 199, the Latin colony of Narnia sent arepresentative to Rome to request supplementary colonists; the consul L. Cornelius wasordered to establish a board of commissioners, who were Cn. Cornelius Lentulus, P.77Aelius Paetus, and his brother, S. Aelius Paetus.In 183, Q. Fabius Labeo, C. AfraniusStellio, and T. Sempronius Gracchus led colonists to the large citizen colony of Saturnia,• • 7klocated on an important convergence of roads m Etruria. Two years later (181), P.Claudius Pulcher, C. Calpurnius Piso, and C. Terentius Histra led colonists to anotherlarge citizen colony at Graviscae, the port for Tarquinii. 79The land for these colonies hadbeen captured long before their foundation, and the military need for colonies in Etruria atthis period is not clear.Viritane Land Distributions and Movement of Hostile PopulationsThe efforts to establish or supplement discrete colonies, Roman or Latin, were not theonly movements of population in peninsular Italy during the middle Republic. VariousWilliams (2001) raises a valid complaint that scholars of Northern Italian history focus on thehistoriography of the colonies south of the Po or on the archaeological traces of the local populations northof the Po, so that there is an unsatisfactory picture of the entire region in the middle Republic. For thepurposes of the study of Roman intervention in the religious sphere, however, it is necessary to evaluatereligion in communities whose relationship with Rome has been securely documented. Thus, this study willfocus on the known colonies. Religion in the Fora and other small communities in Northern Italy awaitslater study and perhaps future archaeological discoveries.77 Livy 32.2.6-7.78 Livy 39.55.9. Cf. Salmon (1970), p. 105 and n. 184 p. 187.79 Livy 40.29.1-2. This is modern Porto Clementino. Cf. Salmon (1970), n. 184 p. 187.80 Salmon (1970), n. 181 p. 186.72
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