ProQuest Dissertations - Historia Antigua
ProQuest Dissertations - Historia Antigua ProQuest Dissertations - Historia Antigua
colonies of a similar large nature. Other than for Sena Gallica and Ariminum, Livyprovides the names of all of the commissioners involved in the foundation of thesecolonies.The first colony the Romans founded in Northern Italy was the small, citizencolony of Sena Gallica (c. 289-283 BCE) on the Adriatic coast on territory taken from theSenonese Gauls. 50Within twenty years, the Latin colony of Ariminum (268 BCE) wasfounded to the north of Sena Gallica in order to establish control over the narrow passageto Cisalpine Gaul between the sea and the eastern Apennines. 51These two colonizationefforts fall into a gap in Livy's main narrative, so we lack the names of the foundingcommissioners and details concerning the foundations themselves.Livy's narrative picks up again with the beginning of the Second Punic War, sowe have notice of the difficult foundation of the Latin colonies of Placentia and Cremona(219-218 BCE) on the banks of the Po as further bastions against Gallic incursion. 52 Thefoundations of Placentia and Cremona were rushed by the imminent arrival of Hannibal.Even though existing towns were chosen for the colonies in order to make themdefensible quickly, the Boii attacked and captured the first commissioners, C. LutatiusCatulus, M. Acilius, and C. Herrenius, and the colonists took shelter in Mutina. 53Further50 Livy Per. 11, Polyb. 2.19.12, Strabo 5.2.10. Salmon (1970), p. 62 suggests that Sena Gallica may havebeen founded as a mixed pair (citizen/Latin) with Hadria, if the dates align correctly.5, Vell. Pat. 1.14.6; Eutr. 2.16; U\y Per. 15; Polyb. 3.61.11; Strabo 5.2.9. Salmon (170), p. 63. Salmonnotes that this colony was founded as a pair with Beneventum. Ariminum's second military function was topolice the Senonese Gauls to the south, which is an indication that Sena Gallica was not sufficient for thetask, if it was ever intended to be. Finally, as mentioned above (p. 61) Ariminum became a major markettown.52 Livy 21.25.1-7, 32.26.1-3, 37.46.9-47.2, 37.57.7-8, Polyb. 3.40.3-10; Asc. Pis. P3 C; Veil. Pat. 1.14.7.Salmon (1970), p. 66. Cf. Gargola (1990).53 Salmon (1970), p. 66, Gargola(1990). Livy 21.52.2 and Per. 20; Veil. Pat. 1.14.8. It is important tonote that although Polybius (3.40) calls Mutina a colony, it was a Roman garrison at the time.65
commissioners, P. Cornelius Scipio Asina, C. Papirius Maso, and Cn. Cornelius Scipio,were sent later that year to finish the foundation.Not only were Placentia and Cremona difficult to establish, they were alsoravaged by the depredations of the Hannibalic War, so that they required supplementationin 190 BCE. 54 At that time, the senate discussed founding two additional colonies. 5Unfortunately, there were only enough colonists after the supplementation of Placentiaand Cremona to found one additional colony, Bononia (189 BCE), which was added tothe site of the Etruscan regional capital, Felsina. 56The commissioners for this expeditionwere L. Valerius Flaccus, L. Valerius Tappo, and M. Atilius Serranus. Shortly thereafter,the citizen colonies of Pisaurum and Potentia (184 BCE) were founded by thecommissioners Q. Fabius Labeo, M. Fulvius Flaccus, and Q. Fulvius Nobilior on theAdriatic shore south of Ariminum and Sena Gallica, respectively.The colonies at Pisaurum and Potentia may have been the first of the large citizencolonies. Livy does not specify a definite number of colonists for either settlement, butthe plots of land were substantially larger, at six iugera, than the customary two iugeragiven to citizen colonists in the small maritime colonies. 58The magnitude of thesecolonies is important, because the initiation of the larger citizen colonies was theAlthough early evidence is lacking for the early period, Cremona held a significant weekly market duringthe Principate (Tac. Hist. 3.30-34). Frayn (1993, pp. 141-143) posits such weekly fairs were establishedbefore the classical period of Roman Italy and continued throughout Roman dominance of the area.55 Livy 37.47.2, 57.7.56 Livy 37.46.9-47.2, 37.57.7-8; Veil. Pat. 1.15.2; on Felsina: Plin. HN3.115; Salmon (1970), p. 101.57 Livy 39.44.10; Veil. Pat. 1.15.2.58 Livy 39.44.10 specifies six iugera for the colonists at Potentia and Pisaurum. Two iugera is thetraditional heredium of a Roman citizen: Varro Rust. 1.10; Plin. HN 18.7; Juv. 14.163; Sic. Flaccus decond. agr. p. 153, 26; Cf. Cic. Rep. 2.26; Dion. Hal. 2.74; Plut. Num. 16. Cf. Salmon (1970), n. 21 p. 168.For two iugera in the citizen colonies see Tibiletti (1950), p. 223 and Salmon (1970), p. 71-72 and n. 110on p. 178. Tarracina in one example of this allotment: Livy 8.21.11.66
- Page 23 and 24: comparisons between religion in the
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- Page 27 and 28: nomenclature of Paestum shows a mix
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commissioners, P. Cornelius Scipio Asina, C. Papirius Maso, and Cn. Cornelius Scipio,were sent later that year to finish the foundation.Not only were Placentia and Cremona difficult to establish, they were alsoravaged by the depredations of the Hannibalic War, so that they required supplementationin 190 BCE. 54 At that time, the senate discussed founding two additional colonies. 5Unfortunately, there were only enough colonists after the supplementation of Placentiaand Cremona to found one additional colony, Bononia (189 BCE), which was added tothe site of the Etruscan regional capital, Felsina. 56The commissioners for this expeditionwere L. Valerius Flaccus, L. Valerius Tappo, and M. Atilius Serranus. Shortly thereafter,the citizen colonies of Pisaurum and Potentia (184 BCE) were founded by thecommissioners Q. Fabius Labeo, M. Fulvius Flaccus, and Q. Fulvius Nobilior on theAdriatic shore south of Ariminum and Sena Gallica, respectively.The colonies at Pisaurum and Potentia may have been the first of the large citizencolonies. Livy does not specify a definite number of colonists for either settlement, butthe plots of land were substantially larger, at six iugera, than the customary two iugeragiven to citizen colonists in the small maritime colonies. 58The magnitude of thesecolonies is important, because the initiation of the larger citizen colonies was theAlthough early evidence is lacking for the early period, Cremona held a significant weekly market duringthe Principate (Tac. Hist. 3.30-34). Frayn (1993, pp. 141-143) posits such weekly fairs were establishedbefore the classical period of Roman Italy and continued throughout Roman dominance of the area.55 Livy 37.47.2, 57.7.56 Livy 37.46.9-47.2, 37.57.7-8; Veil. Pat. 1.15.2; on Felsina: Plin. HN3.115; Salmon (1970), p. 101.57 Livy 39.44.10; Veil. Pat. 1.15.2.58 Livy 39.44.10 specifies six iugera for the colonists at Potentia and Pisaurum. Two iugera is thetraditional heredium of a Roman citizen: Varro Rust. 1.10; Plin. HN 18.7; Juv. 14.163; Sic. Flaccus decond. agr. p. 153, 26; Cf. Cic. Rep. 2.26; Dion. Hal. 2.74; Plut. Num. 16. Cf. Salmon (1970), n. 21 p. 168.For two iugera in the citizen colonies see Tibiletti (1950), p. 223 and Salmon (1970), p. 71-72 and n. 110on p. 178. Tarracina in one example of this allotment: Livy 8.21.11.66
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